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介词
一．概念：<
/p>
介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分
介词短语能够充当句子成分
,
介词短语
=
介词
+
介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）
介词的作用
above,
around,
at,
behind,
between,
by,
down, from,
表地点、位置、方向的介词
in,
up, in
front of, into, onto,
near,
off,
out,
over,
through,
under,
介词
towards,
表时间的介词
by, in, on
,over, with
其他介词
like, with,
without, from, next, to
二、常用
1
、
in
在
......
之内
1)
表示地点，表示大地点。
She
’
s in China
with her mom and dad.
2)
表示时间，表示在某一个时间段内
The weather is
cold in winter.
3)
< br>表示颜色和语言也用介词
in
。
Do you know the girl in red?
I can write
this article in English.
2
、
from
从
......
中来
1) come from
I
come from China and I
’
m
Chinese.
2) download from
I download music from the
Internet.
3) be different
from
Lily
’
s habits are
different from Linda
’
s.
3. with
和，用，与
1) with sb
和
......
人在一起
I
’
m
in Class One with Daming and Lingling.
2
）
with sth.
表示用某种工具
I write with my pen, and I
see with my eyes.
4. at
在
......
1)
表地点，主小地点。
My father is a teacher at
Beijing International School.
2)
表时间，主指时间的一个点。
I get up at half past seven in the
morning.
3) be good at
擅长于
......
I
am good at
reading and writing.
5.
behind
在
......
后面<
/p>
The classrooms are behind the
offices.
6. next
to
紧挨着
The library is next to the classrooms.
7. in front of
在
......
前面
They are in
front of Tony and Daming.
8. for
为了
......
，因为。
。
。
。<
/p>
Thank you for
your email.
9. on
在
......
上，在
......
时
1
）
表示时间，表示具体的一天。
Would you like to go to a football
match on Sunday?
2
）
表示地点
on the farm
on the
playground
10.
to
自，向
1
）
talk to
与
......
谈论
We
have a break and I talk to my friends.
2) go to
去
He likes films and he often goes to the
cinema.
3
）
welcome to
欢迎到
......
Welcome to
Beijing Zoo.
4
）
listen to
听
They always listen to music.
5
）
connect......to
.
和
...
连接一起
< br>
Please
connect the monitor to the computer first.
1
三、
．常用的介词的区别：
①
in, to,
on
在方位名词前的区别
1. in
表示
A
地在
B
地范围之内，
如
Taiwan is in
the southeast of China.
2.
to
表示
A
地在
B
地范围之外（有距离）
，如：
Ja
pan lies to the east of China.
3. on
表示
A
地与
B
地接壤、毗邻，
如：
North Korea is on the east of China.
②
.
at, in, on, by
在表示时间上的区别
1.
at
指时间表示：
（
1
）时间的点、时刻等。
They came home at noon
（
at sunrise, at midnight, at
ten o
’
clock, at
daybreak
）
.
（
2
）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为
是一年中标志大事的日子。
He went home at New Year
（
at Christmas, at the Spring
Festival
）
.
2. in
指时间表示：
（
1
）在某
个较长的时间（如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。
in 2004, in March, in spring, in the
morning, in the evening
（
2
）在一段时间之后。一般用于将来时，谓语动词为非延续性动词，
意为“在……以后”
。
He will arrive in two
hours.
（
3
）谓语动词为延续性动词时，
in
意为“在……以内”
。
These products
will be made in a month.
3.
on
指时间表示：
（
1
）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、节日、
星期几等
,
On Christmas Day there
will be a party.
（
2
）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。
He arrived at
8o
’
clock on the night of
Friday.
（
3
）准时，按时。
If the train
can be on time, I should get home before dark.
4.
by
指时间表示：
（
1
）不迟于，在（某时）前。
如：
He will come by six
o
’
clock.
（
2
）在……间，在……的时候。
如：
He worked by
day and
studied
by night.
③
. near, by, beside,
at
表示“在……附近”时的区别
1.
near
表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。
Suzhou is near Shanghai.
2. by
和
beside
都表示靠近，实际距离不很远
，
但
beside
比
by
更具体地
表示出“在……旁边”的
意思。
He was sitting beside her.
He is walking by the river.
3. at
也有“在旁边”的意思，但多表示有目的的行为所处
的位置
，而
by
和
beside
仅表示位置关
系。
如：
The students are sitting at the table
listening to the teacher.
Several
students are sitting by / beside the door talking
about a music.
④
. at, in
和
on
表示地点时的区别
1. at
表示地点：
（
1
）用于指较小的地方。
arrive
at
，接小地方
I will
wait for you at the station.
（
2
）用于门牌号码前。
He
lives at 11 Zhongshan Road.
2. in
表示地点：
arrive
in
接较大地方
He
lives in Shanghai.
3. on
表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在……上；在……旁”
。
The picture was hanging on
the wall.
2
⑤
. besides, except,
but
表示“除……外”之间的区别
1. besides
表示“除了…
…以外，还有……”
，具有附加性质。如：
Besides xiaoming , we also went to see
the film.
注意：
bes
ides
用于否定句中时，与
except,
but
同义，可互换。如：
We have no
other books besides / except these.
2. except
表示“……除外”
，具有排它性质。如：
We
all went to see the film except
xiaoming.
（王先生没去）
3. but
意为“除了”
，与
except
同义，
except
强调被排除的部分，
but
则强调整句的内容，常修饰
否定意义的代词
。
Nobody knew it but me.
⑥
. above, over,
on, up
表示“在……上”之间的区别
1. above
指“……上方”<
/p>
，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为
below
。
We
’
re flying
above the clouds.
2. over
指“在……正上方”
，表示垂直上方，其反义词为
< br>under
。
The bridge is over the river.
3. on
表示“在……上面”
，与物体表面接触，与
beneath
相对
。
There is a map
on the wall.
4. up
表示动作的方向往上，反义词为
down
。如：
Please stand up
⑦
with, from,
for, at
表示原因的区别
1. with
表示原因，指由于外界而影响到内部，意为“因
为；由于”
。
The little girl was shivering with
cold.
2.
from
表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。
She did it from
a sense of duty.
3.
for
常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。
I do apologize for keeping you waiting.
4.
at
表示原因，指“听到；看到；想到”等。
At the news they felt very
glad.
⑧．
for
和
of
的用法区别
试比较：
It's impossible for me
to watch TV after eleven o'clock. It's kind of you
to help me.
两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词
而定
,
一般来说
,of
之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好
坏，人自身的特点，如聪明与否，细
心与粗心等；
for
之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可<
/p>
能性，必然性，难易程度等。
⑨．
by
，
with
，
in
的用法区别
by
表示
以
...
的方式，方法，手
段
和
乘某种交通工具
；
w
ith
指
借助于具体的手段或工具
；
in
表示
以
......
方
式，用语言，文字等媒介
。
I solved the problem by this way.
I cut the apple
with a knife.
He speaks with us in English.
⑩
after
和
in
的用法区别
< br>这两个介词都可以表示时间
在以后
的意思。其区别是：
after
以
过去为起点，表示过去一段时
间之后，常用于过去时态的句子；
in
以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态
的句子。
I went home after 10
o'clock yesterday. The train will arrive in ten
minutes.
3
小试牛刀：
一：用
by,
beside,
near,
beyond
填空
1.
The little
girl is sitting _____ her mother.
2.
There is a
white car ______ our school.
3.
Many shops are
______ our home.
4.
_______ our city there is a river.
二：
1.
The post
office is _______ the police station and the
library.
A. between
B. among
C. in
2
. I can’t finish my work
_______ your help.
A. with
B. without
C.
in
3. Thank you ______ ______ me to
have dinner.
A. for invite
B. of invite
C. for inviting
4. Why are you standing, Alice?
-
I can’t see
t
he blackboard clearly. Two tall boys
are sitting ____ me.
A. behind
B. next to
C.
in front of
5
. If you do
things _____, usually you can’t do them
well.
A. in a hurry
B. from now on
C.
just now
6. What a nice day! We should
go sightseeing _____ watching TV in the hotel.
A. because of
B.
instead of
C. together with
7
. Your coat looks very
nice. What’s it made ______?
- Cotton, and it is made _____ Wuhan.
A. from, in
B.
of, in
C. from, on
8.
-When and where you born?
-I was born
____ October 1
st
, 1998 ____
Suzhou.
A. on, on
B. in, in
C. on, in
9
. There will be many robots
____ people’s homes ____ ten years.
A. in, /
B.
in, in
C. in, after
10. All the
workers went home yesterday ____ Mr White. Why?
-Because he was on duty.
A.
except
B. besides
C. except for
11
.
It’s very kind ____ them to pick me up at the
railway station and drive me home.
A. for
B. to
C. of
12. A UFO landed ___
the Center Street.
A. at
B. on
C. in
13. _____ the Spring Festival, the
heavy snow stopped many people from _____ back
home.
A. During, going
B. In, go
C.
On, goes
24. Think it over _______ you
write the answer.
A. before
B.
after
C. on
答案：
一：
1. by,
2. beside,
3.
near,
4. beyond
二：
1.A
2. B
3. C
4. C
5A
6. B
7B
8
C
9 C
10A
11 C
12 B
13. A
14. A
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