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介词讲义完整版

作者:高考题库网
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2021-03-03 02:17
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2021年3月3日发(作者:魂魄)






一,介词的分类



1.


简单介词,是指单个的介词



如:



in, on, at, on, to, with




2.< /p>


合成介词,是指两个简单介词合在一起构成的介词



如:



into, onto, without, inside


3.


短语介词,是指一个或 两个简单介词与一个或几个其他词类的词组合,在意义


和作用上相当于一个简单介词的短 语



如:



instead of


代替













because of


因为








according to


按照











in front of



...< /p>


的前面




二,表示时间的介词



1.



at


表示具体的时间点



如:


at eight o



clock



联想:



at


构成的固定短语:



at first


首先




























at least


至少



at present


目前

























at noon


在中午



at the age of



...


岁时

< p>



















at the moment


在目前,现在



at the same time


同时




















at school


在上学



at the end of


在。


。< /p>


。末



如:



In some western countries shops are closed___________ weekends.



2.



in


用 于年,月,季节,上午,下午,晚上等。



in March


在三月






















in spring


在春天



in 2008



2008





















in the morning/afternoon/evening


注意:



in


表示在某一季节或某一月份时,一般不加冠词,但季节和月份的意义


一旦具体化,就要加 定冠词


the




如:



The weather is a little in May.







An earthquake happened in Sichuan in the May of 2008.







In summer children are happy because they can swim.



1


联想:


in


构成的固定短语:



hand in


上交






















in fact


事实上



in surprise


吃惊地

















in search of


寻找



in public


当众





















in the end


最后,终于



in no time


立刻,马上














in a minute


立刻,马上



in front of



...


前面
















in a word


一句话,总而言之



in good health


身体健康的










do well in

< p>


...


方面干的不错



be interested in



...


感兴趣









in common


共同的



show great interest in


对。


< br>。感兴趣



in the last/past several years


在过去的几年里




3.



表示 具体的某一天或某一天的早晨,晚上等,用


on




如:



In the morning I often get up at six o



clock but________Sunday morning, I get


up at seven.







A traffic accident happened near our school _________ the night


of May 2


nd


,


2014.


联想:


on


构成的固定短语:



on board


乘坐(车,飞机)














on duty


值班,值日



on earth


到底


























on fire


着火



on foot


步行



























on hire


雇佣



on holiday


度假

























on time


按时



be on show


展览
























on the right


在右边



on the other hand


另一方面














a book on history


一本关于历史的书



on one



s way to


在某人去


...


的路上



4.



表示时间的


since, for, by, during, until


(1)since


(自从)后跟具体的过去时间,


for


后接一段时间。


for



since


短语所在


的句子应用现在完成时,谓语动词要用延续性动词。



如:


Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the year 2000.


We have lived in the city for about five years.



2


(2)



by+


时间点,意为“到


...


为止”


,如 果


by


后面跟的是将来的时间点,用一般将

来时或将来完成时,如果


by


后面跟一个过去的时间点,用 过去完成时。



如:



I will finish eating by nine o



clock.







By the end of last week, we had finished learning Unit5.


(3)



during+


时间段,与延续性动词连用,表示某期间的动作 。



如:


She


had


trained


hard


during


the


four


years


to


get


ready


for


London


Olympic


Games.


(4)



until+


时间点,意为


“道


...


为止 ”


,句中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词,构成句



not...until


直到


...




如:



We stayed there until the sunset.







We didn



t go home until the sunset.


(5)



表示时间前后的


before, after


before



...


之前,


















after



...


之后



如:


We must hand in our homework before class.


After half past eleven we can relax ourselves.


注意:


before

< br>作为介词,还可以表示“面临,面对”



如:


What should you do before so many difficulties?


I had nothing to say before her.



三.表示方位,地点,行为对象等的介词



1.


表示方位的介词


in, to, on


in


表示包含关系,意为“在。



。范围内”



on

< br>表示相邻关系,接壤;


to


表示相隔

关系。



如:


China is________ the east of Asia.


Japan is ________ the east of China.


Russia is ________ the north of China.


2.


表示“上下”等方位的介词


over, under, above, below, on


(1)



over


在。



。正上方,其 反义词为


under



3


如:


There is a football under the desk.


I looked up and saw a plane flying over my head.


(2)



above


表示“在。


。上方”


,非垂直关系


,


其反义词为


below


如:


The plane is flying above the clouds.


(3)



o n


在。



。之上,指两者表面接触。其 反义词也为


under



3.



表示“前后”的介词和短语介词




1



in front of


在。



。前面,指 在范围之外的前面,和


before


意义接近。



如:


There are some bikes in front of the teaching building.


(2)behind



in front of


的反义词,意为“在。


< br>。后面”



(3)in the front of


表示在范围之内的前面,其反义词组是


at the back of



4.



by, beside


在。



。旁边;


between


在两者之间

< p>
, among


在三者及以上之间




1



by



beside


意义相近



如:


Do you know the man who is standing by the window?


Lucy sits beside me. She is my deskmate.


(2)



between


指两者之间,


也表示三者或多者中的每两者之间;


a mong


指三个或三


个以上的事物或人之间。

< br>


注意:


between


表示两 者之间,只要构成双方关系,就可以用


between


如:


There are so many desks in the classroom that there is hardly any room to move


between them.


教室里有这么多张课桌,几乎没有空间从它们中间穿过。




5.



across, through


穿过



across


从表面穿过,


throu gh


穿越,穿透,透过,指从物体内部穿过。



如:


(1)When you go________ the road, you must be careful.


(2)Which river runs________ Shanghai?


(3) --I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in________ the window.





--It



s dangerous to do that.


A. in











B. through










C. over










D. to



4


6.



表示里外的


in, inside, into, onto, out of, outside


(1)


< br>in


在。



。之内



如:


My keys are in my pocket.


注意:外来物“在树上”


,用


in


,树上结出的东西“在树上”


,用


on


如:


There are some birds________ the tree.






Autumn comes and some red apples________ the apple trees come into people



s





eyes.


(2)



inside


在。



。里面,到。



。里面。反义词为


outside


如:


Listen



Someone is talking in a low voice inside the door.


Don



t stay outside.



(3)



into


到。



。内 。强调空间或状态的转换。反义词为


out of


如:



Why not go into the house and have a look?


He looked out of the window and saw some people coming back from work.


注意


: out of


还有“脱离,失去”等意义。




: He has been out of work for long.





Fish can



t live long out of water.



7.



表示“靠近”的


near, next to, around


near


在。



。附近



next to


在。



。旁边



arou nd


在。



。周围


如:



There is a park near our neighborhood.







I didn



t remember to phone until near the end of the week.







The mouse is next to my computer.







That patient is next to death.







The flowers and applause(


掌声


) are always around the winners.


注意:


around


还表示“大约”


,同义词:


about


如:


It was around/about twelve o



clock in the evening.




5


8.



表示运动方向的


for, to, towards


(1)for


常接在


leave




start


等动词之后, 表示运动的方向或目的地。



如:



They



ll leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month.

< br>(2)to


跟在


go




come, return, move


等动 词之后,


表示目的地,


它既表示运动方向,

又包含运动结果。



如:


When did you return to Guangzhou after the summer holiday?


(3)towards


朝,向。只说明运动 的方向,没有“到达”的意思



如:



The teacher is coming towards the classroom now.


9.



表示行为对象的


to, at


一般来说,


at


同某些动词连用,表 示攻击目标,含有某种程度的恶意;


to


则只

< br>表示方向,并无恶意。



如:



I threw the ball to him and he threw it at the dog.







He came________me and said hello to me.







A dog came________her and she was frightened(


受惊吓的)




10.



最高级结构中表示范围的


of, in


同类比较时,若主语和范围一致,一般用


of, of


后多为数词或可数名词复数;将


某人


/


某物置于集体或环境中进行比较时,用


in, in


后一般是可数名词的单数。



如:


She is the most beautiful girl ________ the three sisters.


Tom is the tallest boy________ the class.



四.表示“除。



。之外”的介词

< p>


s


除。



。之外还



如:



Five others were late besides me.







There will be five of us for dinner, besides John.


, except

< p>
除。



。之外。


but< /p>


常与否定词连用



如:



No one but we knows about the news.







He has few friends except you in this school.







He has few friends except you in this school.







They all went to sleep except me.



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