-
介
词
一,介词的分类
1.
简单介词,是指单个的介词
如:
in, on, at,
on, to, with
等
2.<
/p>
合成介词,是指两个简单介词合在一起构成的介词
如:
into, onto,
without, inside
3.
短语介词,是指一个或
两个简单介词与一个或几个其他词类的词组合,在意义
和作用上相当于一个简单介词的短
语
如:
instead of
代替
because
of
因为
according to
按照
in front of
在
...<
/p>
的前面
二,表示时间的介词
1.
at
表示具体的时间点
如:
at eight
o
’
clock
联想:
at
构成的固定短语:
at first
首先
at
least
至少
at
present
目前
at
noon
在中午
at the
age of
在
...
岁时
at the
moment
在目前,现在
at
the same time
同时
at school
在上学
at the end of
在。
。<
/p>
。末
如:
In some western countries shops are
closed___________ weekends.
2.
in
用
于年,月,季节,上午,下午,晚上等。
in
March
在三月
in
spring
在春天
in 2008
在
2008
年
in the
morning/afternoon/evening
注意:
in
表示在某一季节或某一月份时,一般不加冠词,但季节和月份的意义
一旦具体化,就要加
定冠词
the
。
如:
The weather is
a little in May.
An
earthquake happened in Sichuan in the May of 2008.
In summer children are
happy because they can swim.
1
联想:
in
构成的固定短语:
hand
in
上交
in
fact
事实上
in
surprise
吃惊地
in search
of
寻找
in
public
当众
in the
end
最后,终于
in no
time
立刻,马上
in a
minute
立刻,马上
in
front of
在
...
前面
in a
word
一句话,总而言之
in
good health
身体健康的
do well in
在
...
方面干的不错
be interested in
对
...
感兴趣
in
common
共同的
show
great interest in
对。
。
< br>。感兴趣
in the last/past
several years
在过去的几年里
3.
表示
具体的某一天或某一天的早晨,晚上等,用
on
。
如:
In the
morning I often get up at six
o
’
clock but________Sunday
morning, I get
up at seven.
A traffic accident happened near our
school _________ the night
of May
2
nd
,
2014.
联想:
on
构成的固定短语:
on
board
乘坐(车,飞机)
on
duty
值班,值日
on
earth
到底
on
fire
着火
on foot
步行
on
hire
雇佣
on
holiday
度假
on
time
按时
be on
show
展览
on the right
在右边
on the other
hand
另一方面
a book on
history
一本关于历史的书
on one
’
s way to
p>
在某人去
...
的路上
4.
表示时间的
since, for, by, during,
until
(1)since
(自从)后跟具体的过去时间,
for
后接一段时间。
for
和
since
短语所在
的句子应用现在完成时,谓语动词要用延续性动词。
如:
Great changes have taken
place in my hometown since the year 2000.
We have lived in the city for about
five years.
2
(2)
by+
时间点,意为“到
...
为止”
,如
果
by
后面跟的是将来的时间点,用一般将
来时或将来完成时,如果
by
后面跟一个过去的时间点,用
过去完成时。
如:
I will finish eating by nine
o
’
clock.
By the end of last week, we had
finished learning Unit5.
(3)
during+
时间段,与延续性动词连用,表示某期间的动作
。
如:
She
had
trained
hard
during
the
four
years
to
get
ready
for
London
Olympic
Games.
(4)
until+
时间点,意为
“道
...
为止
”
,句中的谓语动词若是非延续性动词,构成句
型
not...until
直到
...
才
如:
We stayed there until the sunset.
We
didn
’
t go home until the
sunset.
(5)
表示时间前后的
before, after
before
在
...
之前,
p>
after
在
...
之后
如:
We must
hand in our homework before class.
After half past eleven we can relax
ourselves.
注意:
before
< br>作为介词,还可以表示“面临,面对”
如:
What should you do before
so many difficulties?
I had nothing to
say before her.
三.表示方位,地点,行为对象等的介词
1.
表示方位的介词
in, to,
on
in
表示包含关系,意为“在。
。
。范围内”
,
on
< br>表示相邻关系,接壤;
to
表示相隔
关系。
如:
China
is________ the east of Asia.
Japan is
________ the east of China.
Russia is
________ the north of China.
2.
表示“上下”等方位的介词
over, under,
above, below, on
(1)
over
在。
。
。正上方,其
反义词为
under
3
如:
There is a football under
the desk.
I looked up and saw a plane
flying over my head.
(2)
above
表示“在。
。
。上方”
,非垂直关系
,
其反义词为
below
如:
The plane is flying above
the clouds.
(3)
o
n
在。
。
。之上,指两者表面接触。其
反义词也为
under
3.
表示“前后”的介词和短语介词
(
1
)
in
front of
在。
。
。前面,指
在范围之外的前面,和
before
意义接近。
如:
There are some bikes
in front of the teaching building.
(2)behind
是
in
front of
的反义词,意为“在。
。
< br>。后面”
(3)in the front
of
表示在范围之内的前面,其反义词组是
at the
back of
4.
by, beside
在。
。
。旁边;
between
在两者之间
, among
在三者及以上之间
(
1
)
by
和
beside
意义相近
如:
Do you know the man who is
standing by the window?
Lucy sits
beside me. She is my deskmate.
(2)
between
指两者之间,
也表示三者或多者中的每两者之间;
a
mong
指三个或三
个以上的事物或人之间。
< br>
注意:
between
表示两
者之间,只要构成双方关系,就可以用
between
如:
There are so many desks in
the classroom that there is hardly any room to
move
between them.
教室里有这么多张课桌,几乎没有空间从它们中间穿过。
5.
across, through
穿过
across
从表面穿过,
throu
gh
穿越,穿透,透过,指从物体内部穿过。
如:
(1)When you go________ the
road, you must be careful.
(2)Which
river runs________ Shanghai?
(3) --I
left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get
in________ the window.
--It
’
s dangerous
to do that.
A. in
B. through
C. over
D. to
4
6.
表示里外的
in, inside, into, onto,
out of, outside
(1)
< br>in
在。
。
。之内
如:
My keys are in my
pocket.
注意:外来物“在树上”
,用
in
,树上结出的东西“在树上”
,用
on
如:
There are some
birds________ the tree.
Autumn comes
and some red apples________ the apple trees come
into people
’
s
eyes.
(2)
inside
在。
。
。里面,到。
。
。里面。反义词为
outside
如:
p>
Listen
!
Someone is
talking in a low voice inside the door.
Don
’
t stay
outside.
(3)
into
到。
。
。内
。强调空间或状态的转换。反义词为
out of
如:
Why not go
into the house and have a look?
He
looked out of the window and saw some people
coming back from work.
注意
:
out of
还有“脱离,失去”等意义。
如
: He has been out of work
for long.
Fish can
’
t live
long out of water.
7.
表示“靠近”的
near, next to, around
near
在。
。
。附近
next to
在。
。
。旁边
arou
nd
在。
。
。周围
如:
There is a
park near our neighborhood.
I didn
’
t remember
to phone until near the end of the week.
The mouse is next to my
computer.
That patient is
next to death.
The flowers and
applause(
掌声
) are always
around the winners.
注意:
around
还表示“大约”
,同义词:
about
如:
It was around/about twelve
o
’
clock in the evening.
5
8.
表示运动方向的
for, to, towards
(1)for
常接在
leave
,
start
等动词之后,
表示运动的方向或目的地。
如:
They
’
ll leave for
Beijing to attend the meeting next month.
< br>(2)to
跟在
go
,
come, return, move
等动
词之后,
表示目的地,
它既表示运动方向,
又包含运动结果。
如:
When
did you return to Guangzhou after the summer
holiday?
(3)towards
朝,向。只说明运动
的方向,没有“到达”的意思
如:
The teacher is coming towards the
classroom now.
9.
表示行为对象的
to, at
一般来说,
at
同某些动词连用,表
示攻击目标,含有某种程度的恶意;
to
则只
< br>表示方向,并无恶意。
如:
I threw the ball to him and he threw it
at the dog.
He
came________me and said hello to me.
A dog came________her and she was
frightened(
受惊吓的)
。
10.
最高级结构中表示范围的
of, in
同类比较时,若主语和范围一致,一般用
of, of
后多为数词或可数名词复数;将
某人
/
某物置于集体或环境中进行比较时,用
in,
in
后一般是可数名词的单数。
如:
She is the most beautiful
girl ________ the three sisters.
Tom is
the tallest boy________ the class.
四.表示“除。
。
。之外”的介词
s
除。
。
。之外还
如:
Five others were late besides me.
There will be five of us
for dinner, besides John.
, except
除。
。
。之外。
but<
/p>
常与否定词连用
如:
No one but we
knows about the news.
He
has few friends except you in this school.
He has few friends except
you in this school.
They all went to sleep except me.
6