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外语下载中心
常见句型翻译
定语从句的译法
I
、译成前置定语
1. To be sure, a great rebuilding
project would give jobs to many of those people
who
need them.
诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也
许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。
2. This
is the solider who just returned from the front.
这是刚从前线回来的战士。
3.
成都
,
一个你来了就不想离开的城市。
Chengdu
—
A city
you will never want to say goodbye after arrival.
4. In recent
years, however,
people have begun to become aware that cities are
also
areas where there is a
concentration of problems.
可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方。
<
/p>
当然，
有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定语从句，
对先行词也有不同程度的修饰
限制作用，有时也可以译为前置定语。
5. The sun, which had hidden all
day, now came out in all its splendor.
那个整天躲在云层里的太阳
,
现在又光芒四射地露面了。
6. He liked his sister, who
was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his
brother, who
was aloof and arrogant.
他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
II .
译成后置定语
A
、一些结构比较复杂，或者意思上有较强的独立性的限制性定语从句，通
常可
译为后置的并列句。
采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代
替的词，
比如：
有时
可在此词之前加指
示词“这”
、
“这些”或人称代词“他”
、
“他们”等等，来使译
文明确。
7. This volume is prepared as examples
for writing compositions which, as it were,
has been taken as a difficult task.
本书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是一个难题。
8.
Matter is
composed of molecules that are composed of atoms.
物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子组成的。
9.
But listen, I
met a man, who said you could solve this problem.
听着，我遇见一个人，这个人说你是有权解决这个问题的。
10. Day light comes from the sun, which
is a mass of hot, glowing gas.
日光来自太阳，太阳是一团炽热、发光的气体。
B
、
非限制
性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词加以说明，
描述或解释，
或对整个句子所陈述的事实或现象加以总结、
补充说明，
其前都有
逗号分开。在汉译时一般译为后置并列分句。如：
blamed me for everything, which I
thought very unfair.
他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。
12.
These
books,
which
are
only
a
small
part
of
my
collection,
I
picked
up
in
American.
这些书是我在美国买的
,
它们在我的藏书中只
占一小部分。
13. She was very
patient towards the children, which her husband
seldom was.
她对孩子们很耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。
外语下载中心
14.
They
seem
to
enjoy
those
rewards
which
they
had
purchased
by
a
course
of
unmerited fatigue, and by victories
which almost exceeded belief.
他们对那些酬劳看来
是很得意的，
那些酬劳是他们历经千辛万苦，
通过取得令人
难以置信的胜利得来的。
merit:
功勋
,
功劳
;
价值；长处
,
优点
;
值得
;
应获得
15. I told
the story to John, who
(=and
he) told it to his brother.
我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
这种采取后置的办法来处理非限制性定语从句，
一般也使用指示代词来重复
英语
关系代词所代表的含义。
III
、溶合译法
< br>溶合法就是把原句子中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起译成一个独立句子的翻译
方法
。另外，由于限制性定语从句与主句的关系密切，所以，限制性定语从句似
乎更适合采用
溶合法。英语中突出的
“
there
be
”
句型就是这样处理的。
16.
There are many people who want to select this
major.
许多人要选这个专业。
17. There is a man downstairs who wants
to see you.
楼下有人要见你。
are the only person who could do it.
只有你才能做这件事。
19. He
has a son of twenty who is now at the college.
他有个二十岁的儿子现在正上大学。
20. This was the first time I had
serious trouble with my leader.
这是我第一次和领导发生严重纠葛。
IV
.
译成状语
有些定语从句从形式上看是
定语，
但在意义上与主句有逻辑状语关系，
对主句其
原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等状语作用，翻译时应尽可能按照其语法功能，
译成与汉语相对应的复句。
21. The
computer, which seems to play the role of a human
brain, is often called an
electronic
brain.
由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。
（译成原因状从）
22. She
insisted on buying another pair of roller skates,
which she had no use of.
23. Rose took
Chinese medicine which relieved her symptoms.
罗斯服了中药，结果缓解了症状。
（译成结果状从）
24. There is no bad habit that may
not be cured by a strong willpower.
只要有
坚强的意志，就没有什么坏习惯改不掉。
（译成条件状从）
25.
The
newswoman
wishes
to
write
an
article
that
will
attract
public
attention
to
shipwreck.
这位女记者想写篇文章，
以便能够引
起公众对那起沉船事件的注意。
（译成目的
状语从句）
练习
1)Some
of these causes are completely reasonable results
of social needs. Others are
reasonable
consequences
of
particular
advances
in
science
being
to
some
extent
self-accelerating.
在这些原因中，
有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求。
另一些则是由于科学在一
外语下载中心
定程度
上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。
2)This trend began during the Second
World War, when several governments came to
the
conclusion
that
the
specific
demands
that
a
government
wants
to
make
of
its
scientific establishment
cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，
当时一些国家的政府得出结论：
政府要向科
研机构
提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
seems mostly effectively done by
supporting a certain amount of research not
related to immediate goals but of
possible consequence in the future.
给某些
与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，
看来通常能有效地解
决这一问题。
4) However, the
world is so made that elegant systems are in
principle unable to deal
with some of
the world's more fascinating and delightful
aspects.
然而，
世界就是
如此，
完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的
课题的。
5) New forms of thought
as well as new subjects for thought must arise in
the future
as they have in the past,
giving rise to new standards of elegance.
< br>同过去一样，
将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，
给完美以新的标准。
状语从句的翻译
I.
按照原文顺序译出状语从句
1.
If you do not mind, I will turn off the heating.
如果你不介意，我就把暖气关上了。
2. As far as I know, there
isn
’
t such a word in
English.
据我所知，
英语里并没有这个单词。
3.
Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric
power stations are being built in
large
numbers.
哪里有充足的水源，哪里就在兴建大批的水电站。
4. Wherever you work, you must always
serve the people whole-heartedly.
不论你在哪里工作，你一直都要全心全意地为人民服务。
5. Though he was defeated in the
election, he became famous for his fiery [
< br>?
fai
?
ri]
speeches against slavery.
虽然他竞选失败了，却以其反对蓄奴制度的激烈演说而出了名。
II.
状语从句译在主句之前
6. She is sure to come unless she has
some urgent business.
除非她有急事，她一定会来的。
7.
Please turn off the light when you leave the
dormitory.
离开宿舍，请关上电灯。
8. I
will never give in, no matter what happens.
不管怎么样，我永远也不会屈服。
9. You should not get off until the bus
stops.
车未停稳之前，你不要下车。
10. It was better in case they were
captured.
III.
状语从句转译成其他类型的状语从句
外语下载中心
11. Skill and patience will succeed
where force fails.
在体力做不到的时候，技巧和耐心会帮助人成
功。
（地点状从译为时间状从）
12. Though not in substance, yet in
form, economic reforms are at first a nation-wide
revolution.
如果不就内容而就形式而言，经济改
革首先就是一场全国性的革命。
（让步状从
译为条件状从）
13. Why did you give up when
you could make it?
既然你能成功，干嘛要放弃呢？（时间状从译为让步状从）
14. If you can come,
I
’
ll be only too glad.
你要能来，我就太高兴了。
（条件状从译为原因状从）
15. She sang resonantly
共鸣地
, if slightly nasally.
她唱歌声音洪亮，尽管鼻音略显重了些。
（条件状从译为让步状从）
IV
.
状语从句译成非状语从句
16.
The boy shouted as he ran.
那个男孩一边跑，一边喊。
（译成并列句）
17. If
you melt two or more metals together, you can get
a new metal.
将两种以上的金属熔化在一起，就可以产生一种新金属。<
/p>
（译成复合句的主语）
18. The
monkey was feeling a bit scared when suddenly the
crocodile dived under the
water.
猴子正感到有点儿害怕，鳄鱼突然向水下潜去。
19. As he had lots of time, he decided
to go to the embankment
岸堤
first.
时间还早，他决定先到河岸大道去一下。
（内含因果关系的并列句）
20. I
was just going to explain, when the bell rang.
我正要解释，铃声响了。
（译成并列句）
21. They asked her to stay where she
was.
他们让她呆在原处。
(
译成
宾语）
22. The greedy officials
dared to accept any presents, whoever sent them. <
/p>
无论是谁送给他们的礼品
,
这些贪官都敢
收下。
（译为定语）
状语从句翻译练习
may do
as you please.
你愿意怎么做都行。
（译成谓语）
2. When
you have tanks of air on you, you can stay in deep
water for a long time.
如果你背着空气袋，你就能长时间地
呆在深水中。
（时间状从译成条件状从）
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
（地点状从译成
条件状从）
4. We left
in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
我们走得很匆忙，结果门都忘锁了。
5. Tragedies can be written in
literature since there is tragedy in life.
生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。
练习
1.
不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵。
He who doesn
’
t
want to be a general isn
’
t a
good soldier.
2. Gui Lin is a place
where there are gorgeous
（华美的）
mountains and rivers.
桂林是个有山有水的地方。
外语下载中心
3. Harmonious interpersonal
relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy
working
here.
同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的主要原因。
4. China and Japan reached agreement on
the issue of agriculture which was a major
barrier for their bilateral relation
since 1996.
中日两国最终就农业问题达成了协议，
而农业问题自一九九六年起就是两国关系
发展的主要障碍。
5. Although he is a green-hand, he has
enterprise and creativity which are decisive in
winning success in the field.
他虽然经验不足，
但很有进取心和创造力，
而这正是在这一
领域获得成功的关键。
has great
determination and courage which I need badly as a
manager.
他为人果敢，而我作为经理，缺得正是这一点。
7.
They
worked
out
a
new
method
by
which
efficiency
has
now
been
dramatically
improved.
他们制订出一种新方案，采用之后工作效率大大提高。
8. This was the period when Newton
began the research which resulted in the creation
of his famous Theory of Gravity.
就在这期间，牛顿开始一一项研究。经过这项研究，他创立了著名的重力理论。
9.
“
The
best
way
to
play
basketball
well
is
to
take
it
easy
and
enjoy
it,
”
said
an
American basketball
player.
一位美国的篮球运动员曾说过：
“要想打好篮
球，最好的办法就是享受篮球。
”
10.
He
had
great
success
in
football
which
made
him
an
idol
in
the
eyes
of
every
football player.
他在足球领域取得的成就使他成为每一个足球运动员的偶像。
练习
the levels
reached 6 percent the crew members would become
mentally confu
sed, unable
to take measures to preserve their
lives.
当含量达到
6%<
/p>
时
,
飞船上的人员将会神经错乱
,
无法采取保护自己生命的措
施。
censorship laws are
relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to
produce v
irtually anything in
he name of
“
art
”
.
3.
当审查放宽时
,
招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘
,
在“艺
术”的幌子下炮制出形形
色色的东西来。
tables
and other materials are included, they should be
conveniently placed, s
o that a student
can consult them without turning over too many
pages.
当书中列有表格或其他参考资料时
,
应当将这些内容编排在适当的位置
,
以便
使
学生在查阅时
,
不必翻太多的书页。
happens when a fact is
discovered which seems to contradict what the
“
law
”
would lead one to expect.
每当发现一个事实使人感到
与该定律应得出的预期结论相矛盾的时候
,
就发生这
种情况。
since the assessment of
intelligence is a comparative matter we must be
sure th
at the scale with which we are
comparing our subjects provides
a
’
valid
’
or
’
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