-
刘晓明大使在英国国防大学联合指挥与参谋学院的演讲：
《孙子兵法》与
中国的外交国防政策
（
2012
年
2
月
9
日）
2012/02/11
尊敬的联合指挥与参谋学院院长洛克空军少将，
女士们、先生们，
未来的将军们
:
我很高兴应洛克院长的邀请访问英
国国防大学联合指挥与参谋学院，这座将军的摇篮。
我曾在英国许多大学发表过演讲，包括牛津、剑桥、帝国理工
等。今天还是第一次在英国军事院校作演讲。洛克
院长为今天的演讲出了好几个题目，包
括中国的外交、国防政策和中欧、中英关系。
既然是在军事院校演讲，我不妨从中国古代的一部兵书谈起，
这就是著名的《孙子兵法》
。
《孙子兵法》已有
2500
年历史，被译成许多种语言，流传到世界各地，仅英文译本就有
17
种之多。虽然作为冷兵器时代的一部兵书，
《孙子
兵法》有些内容已经远离当今时代，但其许多战略、战术思想并未随历史褪色，
而仍熠熠生辉。美国西点军校将之列
为必读经典。英国著名军事历史学家和军事理论家利
德尔?哈特（
Sir B H Liddell
—
Hart
）曾经深入研究过《孙子兵法》
，
并在为
Samuel Griffith
的《孙
子兵法》英译本作序时认为《孙子兵法》远未过时，并感叹道：
“
《孙子兵法》将我
20
多
部著作所涉
及的战略和战术原则几乎包罗无遗。
”
我发现，
《孙子兵法》对今天中国外交、国防政策的形成亦有深刻影响。
《孙子兵法》开宗明义第一句话，
就是：
“兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。
”
孙子还认为，
< br>“故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。
”可见，
《孙子兵法》尽管是一部兵书，但其指导思想是“慎战”和
“不战”
< br>。这与中国古代其他先哲的观点如出一辙，如老子和孟子都认为：
“兵者，凶器也
。
”这也就不难理解
90
年前
为什么英国著名哲学家、思想家罗素在其著作《中国问题》中指出：
“中
国历史上虽然征战连绵，但中国人天性是喜好
和平的。
”
《孙子兵法》及中国古代的这些和平、不战思想，是今天中国
和平发展道路的滥觞。
今天的中国，立足中国国情，顺应时代潮流，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，将维护世界和平、促
进共同发展作
为中国外交政策的宗旨。中国倡导互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，秉
持积极有为的国际责任观，奉行睦邻友好
的地区合作观，主张世界各国一道建立持久和平
、共同繁荣的和谐世界。中国绝不搞侵略扩张，永远不争霸、不称霸，
始终作维护世界和
地区和平稳定的坚定力量
,
中国绝不走历史上“国强必霸”的老
路。
今
天的中国，坚定支持联合国在维护世界和平与安全中的核心地位，致力于和平解决国际争端和热点问题。中国
是唯一公开承诺不首先使用核武器、不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器的
核国家。中国累计向联
合国
30
项维和
行动派出各类人员约
2.1
万人次，
是
派出维和人员最多的联合国安理会常任理事国。
中国积极参与反恐、
防扩散领域国际合作，向索马里海域派遣海军护航编队。中国在朝核、伊朗核等热点问题上坚持劝和促谈，推 动形成
朝核问题六方会谈机制
,
发挥了
建设性作用。
中国同
12
个陆地邻国解
决了历史遗留的边界问题，
坚持通过对话谈判处理
同邻国领土和
海洋权益争端，提出“搁置争议、共同开发”的主张，尽最大努力维护南海、东海及周边和平稳定。
不久前，我在接受<
/p>
BBC
“新闻之夜”节目采访时，主持人杰里米?帕克斯曼问我：
“美国为了推行民主不惜发动战
争。中国想推行什么？”我当时
就回答说：
“中国致力于构建和谐世界。我们主张国与国相互尊重、相互包容，而不是<
/p>
把自己的价值观和社会制度强加给别人。我们主张世界各国携手努力，保障各国共同安全与
福祉，维护世界和平与稳
定。我们坚决反对在国际事务中诉诸武力。
”这就是中国的和平外交政策。
与中国
的和平外交政策相一致，今天中国奉行的是防御性国防战略。
《孙子兵法》是一部兵书，
是战争的艺术，那
么战争的最高境界是什么？孙子认为是
“百战
百胜，非善之善者也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。
”
孙子也
提出：
“非
危不战”
，
“无恃其不来，恃吾有以待之；无恃其不攻，恃吾有所不可攻也”
。
只有建立强大的国
防，才能有效维护国家主权安全和发展利益；只有具备制胜的力量，才能有效地遏制战争，这
1
是古今中外历史告诉我们的真理。中国有广阔的领土
和辽阔的海洋，面对错综复杂的国际战略格局和中国安全环境，
面对世界新军事变革方兴
未艾的发展态势，能否化解多元和复杂的非传统安全挑战，能否有效应对暴力恐怖势力、民
族分裂势力和宗教极端势力的威胁，能否打赢未来可能发生的高技术战争，成为中华民族能否实现伟大复兴的关
键。
中
国的国防建设不针对、不威胁任何国家，中国不会也无意同任何国家搞军备竞赛。中国的国防建设从来没有超
越捍卫国家安全的需要，中国国防开支也是合理适度的。根据伦敦国际战略研究所的报告，中
国的军费在世界各国中
处于较低水平，
2010
年中国军费占
GDP
的
1.3
%
，不仅远低于美国、英国、俄罗斯等传统军事强国，也低于印度、巴
< br>西等新兴国家。如果从人均军费看，中国则更低，仅有美国的
1/38
，英国的
1/20
。
《孙子兵法》从根本上主张不战、慎战，但并不惧战、畏战。同样，我们讲积极防御，并不是
软弱可欺，而是后
发制人。后发即“人不犯我、我不犯人”
，制
人则是“人若犯我、我必犯人”
。中国积极防御军事战略的立足点，是有
效遏制和防止战争，同时也是时刻准备应对战争和打赢战争。以敢战能战来达到不战而屈人之兵，以敢于
“亮剑”而
全力争取战争胜利，这是孙子兵法的精髓，也是当代中国的军魂。
女士们、先生们，
在当今世界，中欧关系是很重要的双边关系。中国是世界上最
大的发展中国家，欧洲是世界上最大的发达国家集
合体，中欧之间没有地缘政治争端，没
有根本利害冲突。近几十年来，合作一直是双边关系的主流。中欧现在互为最
大经贸合作
伙伴。欧盟是中国第一大出口市场，中国是欧盟第二大出口市场，欧盟还是中国第一投资目的地和最大技
术引进来源地。
中英关系的发展总体上与中欧关系步调保持一致。中英高层互访密切频繁，经贸合作亮点
频现，人文交流热度频
升。今年是中英建立大使级外交关系
40
周年，两国将举行一系列纪念庆祝活动。特别值得指出的是，中英两军关系近
年来也走上快速发展轨道。去年，英军陆、海、空军参谋长相继访华。中英防务战略磋商和两国高级 退役将领交流得
到机制化。
如何进
一步发展中欧、中英关系？我仍想借用《孙子兵法》及中国古人的一些智慧。
《孙子兵法》里有一句名言：
“知己知彼，百战不殆”
。
《孙子兵法》总
共只有
6074
个字，其中“知”字是出现频
< br>率最多的一个字，共出现了
79
次。今天，中欧关系及中
英关系是合作伙伴关系，不是竞争对手关系，要发展和深化这
种伙伴关系，就要不断加深
了解，增强信任，化解疑虑，消除担忧。我想在此引用你们的一位前辈的观点，他就是曾
任英军陆军野战部队司令的拉姆中将。去年，他作为英国退役将军代表团团长访问了中国，回来后在《泰晤士报》
上
发表了一篇文章，他在文章中认为，欧洲和西方不能制造新的敌人，不能妖魔化中国，
对话有益彼此了解，驱除担忧。
中国古语说：
“尺有所短，寸有所长；物有所不足
,
智有所不明。
”中欧、中英处在不同的发展阶段，
面临着不同的
发展挑战，彼此经济互补性强，合作利益大，双方应当充分拓展合作空间，
挖掘合作潜力，努力实现互利共赢。
中欧、中英的历史文化、社会制度和价值观念不同，双方在一
些问题上存在分歧是正常的。如何对待这些不同？
如何处理这些分歧？我们不赞成将自己
的制度视为普世模式，到处推销；不赞成将自己的价值观视为唯一正确标准，
强加于人；
也不赞成冷战思维，搞意识形态对抗。我们主张双方相互尊重，正视不同，平等相待；坦诚对话，求同存
异，增进互信；相互借鉴，取长补短，互利共赢。
《孙子兵法》里还有一个著名的故
事，讲得是中国古时候吴国人与越国人不和，当他们同船渡河时，遇到大风，
他们相互救
援就像人的左右手一样。这个故事成为了一句成语——“同舟共济”
。
< br>
在世界多极化、经济全球
化、社会信息化深入发展的时代，世界是一个“地球村”
。恐怖主义、大规模杀伤性武器
扩散、自然灾害、气候变化、公共卫生、金融风险以及能源资源、粮食和水资源安全，是
全球性问题和人类共同挑战；
同时，中欧利益相互依存、利益交融，实际上形成了你中有
我、我中有你的命运共同体，也就是说欧洲和中国同在一
条船上。中欧必须同舟共济、携
手合作，努力实现可持续和包容性发展。
女士们、先生们：
今天中国的外交和国防政策，是历
史积淀、时代发展和博采众长的产物，显然一部《孙子兵法》不足以概括全部，
2
但我相信，认识《孙子兵法》这部古老的兵书，了解中国思
想文化的源头，能为理解今天中国的和平发展道路增添一
条途径，能为打消对中国的不必
要担忧增加一些决心，能为积极开展与中国的交流合作增强一些动力。这就是我今天
演讲
的主旨所在。
谢谢！
Sun Tzu's Wisdom Behind China's
Diplomacy and Defence Policy
Speech by
H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming At the UK Joint
Services Command and Staff College
2012/02/11
Air Vice-Marshal Ray Lock,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Commanders of the Future,
It?s my great pleasure to visit the
Joint Services Command and Staff
College.
I was delighted to
accept the invitation of Air Vice-Marshal Ray Lock
to give this talk.
I?ve visited and
spoken at many Britis
h universities,
such as Oxford, Cambridge and Imperial College.
But today is unique in
the sense that
this is my first speech to a military college.
I am impressed to know that
your College has won a reputation as the cradle of
military leaders for Britain.
I feel
privileged to speak and propose to touch on three
themes:
?
China?s diplomacy;
?
China?s defence
policy;
?
And China?s relations with Britain and
Europe.
We need to take a
step back to understand China?s foreign and
defence policy. Since this is a military college,
let?s trace the
origin of Chinese
thinking on war and peace.
The key is an ancient Chinese book.
Sometime it is called
?Military Principles? but the more popular
translation is The Art of War.
This is a classical Chinese military
treatise written 2,500 years ago. The book was
authored by a high-ranking general called
Sun Tzu.
The
book has since been translated into many languages
and read and studied around the world. It is said
there are 17 English
versions.
You might ask what
relevance such an ancient book has in the high
technology world of today. Some arguments in The
Art of
War do seem to be out of touch
in the modern world.
But
with careful study you will find that many of its
strategies, tactics and thoughts are highly
relevant today. The book still
offers a
central text of military thought for defense
communities. I know that the book has been adopted
as a must-read by West
Point and many
other military academies.
The prominent British military
historian and theorist Sir Basil Liddell Hart was
a student of The Art of War. He argued the book
was far from outdated.
In his foreword for Samuel Griffith?s
English translation of the book, he
wrote:
“
It was
time they went back to Sun Tzu, since in that one
short book was embodied almost as much about the
fundamentals of
strategy and tactics as
I had covered in more than twenty
books.”
For China, the
importance of The Art of War has spread far beyond
military studies. The book has deep influence in
framing
China?s foreign policy
an
d its approach to security and
defence.
The opening line
of The Art of War is:
“
The
art of war is of vital importance to the State. It
is a matter of life and death, a road either to
safety or to ruin.
3
Hence it is a subject of
inquiry, which can on no ac
count be
neglected.”
Sun Tzu
continued:
“
Thus
the highest form of generalship is to balk the
enemy?s plan. The next best is to prevent the
junction of the enemy?s
forces. The
next in order is to attack the enemy?s army in the
field. And the worst policy of all is to besiege
walled cities.”
The Art of
War stands out from other military theory books.
The reason is the stress on the cautious use of
force and to avoid
war.
Sun Tzu is not alone in this view.
Many Chinese philosophers
around his time also cautioned against war. Both
Lao Tzu and Mencius warned war and conflict
carry big dangers.
There
have also been thinkers outside China that support
this approach. The famous British philosopher,
Bertrand Russell, also
observed the
consistent commitment to peace of China. 90 years
ago Russell wrote in his book The Problem of China
that:
“
Although there have
been many wars in China, the natural outlook of
the Chinese is very pacifistic.”
This legacy
explains China?s choice of a peaceful path to
development toda
y. These are the key
facts about our foreign and
defence
policies:
?
China?s commitment to an independent,
peaceful foreign policy is based upon its national
conditions. This reflects the needs
of
our time.
?
At the heart of our policy is to build
a peaceful world that provides shared prosperity
for all.
?
China calls for mutual trust, mutual
benefit, equality and cooperation to build a
peaceful world.
?
China actively
assumes its fair share of global responsibilities
and seeks to shape a friendly neighborhood.
?
We
want to work with all countries and contribute to
a harmonious world of lasting peace and common
prosperity.
?
China does not believe in expansion or
hegemony.
?
Instead, we have always been a staunch
force for world peace and regional stability.
?
China will not repeat the errors of
history, whereby ?power leads to hegemony?. That
approach has plunged the world into
disaster and conflict.
?
China supports
the centrality of the United Nations in matters
affecting world peace and security.
?
China is
committed to addressing international disputes and
related crisis in a peaceful manner.
?
China is the
only country that has publicly undertaken not to
be the first to use nuclear weapons. In addition
China will not
use, or threaten to use,
nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries or
nuclear-free zones.
?
China is the
largest peace keeping contributor within the UN
Security Council. We have sent 21,000 peacekeepers
on 30 UN
missions.
?
China
plays
an
active
role
in
international
counter-
terrorism
and
non-
proliferation.
Currently,
our
naval
vessels
are
performing escort
missions in the waters off Somalia.
?
China
encourages
peace
talks
on
the
North
Korean
nuclear
issue.
We
are
the
host
and
a
constructive
participant
in
the
Six-Party
talks.
?
The same approach applies to the
Iranian nuclear issue and other critical
conflicts.
?
China has peacefully addressed its
long-standing boundary issues with 12 of its
neighbours on land. We are determined to
find negotiated solutions to
territorial and maritime disputes with
neighbouring countries
?
China is guided by the principle of
?shelving disputes and joint development?. We will
do everything we can to keep the
South
China Sea, the East China Sea and our entire
neighborhood peaceful and stable.
Recently, I spoke about the peaceful,
responsible role of China in world affairs. This
was on BBC Newsnight. Jeremy Paxman
asked me:
“
The
United States will go to war to promote democracy,
what do you try to promote?”
I responded by saying:
4
“
We are
promoting a harmonious world. We believe the world
will be more peaceful and prosperous, if all
countries respect
each other, rather
than imposing their own ideas and systems onto
others. We believe mutual respect, mutual
accommodation
and working together for
the common good, common security is in the
interest of peace and stability of the world. So
we are
strongly opposed to any military
solutions.”
This is what
China?s peaceful foreign policy is all about.
Consistent with this foreign policy
guideline, China
?s military posture is
defensive in nature.
Let me
explain our thinking by returning to The Art of
War and ask this question:
If war is an
art, then what is the highest level of victory?
Sun Tzu gives this answer:
“
To
fight
and
conquer
in
all
your
battles
is
not
supreme
excellence;
supreme
excellence
consists
in
breaking
the
enemy?s
resistance without
fighting.”
To stress the war
as the last resort for self-protection, Sun Tzu
continues:
“
Fight not unless
the position is critical”.
Essentially Sun Tzu laid out a strategy
of pro-active defence where he writes:
“
The art of war teaches us
to rely not on the likelihood of the enemy?s not
coming, but on our own readiness to receive him;
not on the chance of his not attacking,
but rather on the fact that we hav
e
made our position unassailable.”
Only a strong and credible force of
defence can effectively protect national
sovereignty and development interests.
Only such a force can effectively deter
any attempt for war. This is what the pattern of
world history has taught us.
China has a huge landmass and vast
waters under its jurisdiction.
We face a complex international
strategic landscape and security environment. In
addition a new revolution in military affairs is
gaining momentum worldwide.
Going forward, the critical challenges
for China are three-fold:
?
Whether or not China can defeat diverse
and complex non-conventional security challenges?
?
Whether or not
China can effectively deal with threats from
violent terrorism, ethnic separatism and religious
extremism?
?
And
whether or not China can win a high-tech war in
the future?
The answers to these three
questions determine whether China?s national
rejuvenation is possible.
What I want to stress are these points:
?
China?s defence
modernisation doesn?t t
arget or
threaten any one.
?
China has no
interest or intention to engage in any arms race.
?
China?s defence building never exceeds
the need for national security.
?
And China?s
defence spending has always been reasonable and
proportionate to the challe
nges we
face.
These are key
comparative facts about military spending:
?
According to a
report of the International Institute for
Strategic Studies, China?s military budget is
relatively low compare
d to
other major powers.
?
Our spending
was only 1.3 perc
ent of China?s GDP in
2010.
?
This figure is below that of America,
Britain, Russia.
?
Also the 1.3 percent of GDP is lower
than some emerging countries such as India and
Brazil.
?
At a per head level, China?s defence
spending is even lower. We are only
1/38 of America and 1/20 of Britain.
In
essence, The Art of War talks about avoiding war
and going to war with caution. But, this prudent
approach does not mean
fear or
cowardice.
It is crucial
that leaders around the world understand our
defence strategy. They should never mistake the
principles of The Art
of War as a
display of weakness and vulnerability.
5
China is not
to launch preemptive strikes. But in case we are
threatened or under attack, there should be no
doubt that China
will take robust
action to protect its interests.
The
thrust
of
Chinese
defence
strategy
is
very
clear.
China
has
the
deterrence
and
wisdom
to
win
without
fighting.
But
if
needed,
China has the courage and capability to win
through fighting.
This is
the essence of The Art of
War and the
soul of China?s military strategy
today.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I would also address the
issue of China?s relations with Britain and
Europe.
In
today?s
world,
the
China
-
Europe
relationship
carries
much
weight.
China
is
the
world?s
largest
devel
oping
country
and
Europe is by far the largest bloc of
developed countries. We have no geopolitical
tension or fundamental conflicting interests
between us.
For
decades,
cooperation
has
been
the
defining
feature
of
our
relationship.
Today,
we
are
each
oth
er?s
number
one
trading
partner.
To
be
specific,
the
EU
is
China?s
largest
export
market,
largest
investment
destination
and
the
biggest
technology
supplier of
China. And China is the EU?s second largest export
market.
Turning to the
relations between China and Britain.
China-UK
relations
are
also
growing
fast.
This
is
a
partnership
marked
by
mutual
good-will,
close
high-level
engagements,
strong commercial ties and fast
developing people-to-people exchanges.
This year, our two countries will co-
host a range of celebrations to mark 40 years of
full diplomatic relations.
In the context of this strengthening
relationship, one particular area of good progress
is our military-to-military ties.
Last year, Britain?s Chief of General
Staff, Chief of Naval Staff
and Chief
of the Air Staff all paid visits to China.
China-UK defence strategic
consultation and a structured dialogue between
Chinese and British retired senior military
officers
have been put in place.
In
this final part of my talk today I would like to
pose the following question:
?
Going forward,
how to strengthen China?s relations with Britain
and Europe?
Let me borrow
some wisdom from The Art of War and China?s
ancient sages.
The Art of
War famously remarked:
“
If
you know your counterparts and
know
yourself, you will have nothing to
fear.”
What merits much
attention is that the book?s original Chinese text
has 6,074 characters.
Within these characters the word ?know?
appears 79 times. That is more than any other
character.
Today, Europe
and B
ritain are China?s partners, not
adversaries. For our partnership to strengthen and
widen, we need to know
each other
better. We need greater trust to disarm suspicions
and concerns. Let me quote what one veteran
British general said
of China.
Lieutenant-General Sir Graeme Lamb is
the former Commander Field Army. Last year he led
a delegation of British veteran
generals to China.
In The Times upon his return, he wrote
these words:
“
We should talk
to China, not demonise it. … The danger lies in
making a new
enemy. …When it
comes to relations with the
Chinese, …
it's good to talk. That applies to both sides.
…Knowledge dispels fear.”
We
Chinese have an old saying:
“
Everything has its merits
and demerits. And wisdom has its
limits”.
The fact that China
is at a different stage of development from
Britain and Europe means we face different sets of
challenges.
This also means
we have much to gain from this strong economic
complementarity and from cooperation.
Greater effort must be made to widen
the scope of cooperation and to tap into the rich
potentials to build a win-win future.
For this to happen, our different
histories, cultures, social systems and values
shouldn?t become barriers. The question is
h
ow
we should handle
differences and diversity.
6
Some people see their own
system as universal and try to export it
throughout the world. They see their own values as
the only
right standard, to which the
whole world should be held up.
This is not what we would support. We
are not in favour of imposing one?s own
views on others, nor do we support
Cold-War
style ideological
confrontation.
We believe
in facing up to differences squarely, with respect
and a shared commitment to seek common ground.
Only in this
way can we achieve win-win
and both succeed through good-faith mutual
learning.
Talking of solidarity and cooperation,
there?s another well known story arising from The
Art of War. The story is about Warri
ng
Kingdoms. The people from the Wu
Kingdom and those from the Yue Kingdom did not
like each other. But
when paddling
across the river during a storm, they
would cooperate as the right hand does with the
left.
From this story came
a Chinese idiom:
‘
Those
sailing across the river in one boat should help
each other.
In
a
multipolar
world
our
society
has
become
a
global
village.
The
driving
forces
of
new
technologies
have
shaped
that
globalisation.
In this globalised world collaboration
is the only solution to shared challenges. Global
challenges are with us daily, such as:
?
Terrorism.
?
WMD
proliferation.
?
Natural disasters.
?
Climate change.
?
Public health.
?
Financial
risks.
?
Energy
and resource scarcity.
?
Food and water safety.
All
these are challenges on a global scale and
threaten all of us.
China
and Europe are today interlinked and
interdependent and have a shared destiny.
China and Europe must show
solidarity and work together to achieve
sustainable and inclusive development.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
China?s diplomacy and thinking on
defence have deep roots in Chinese history. I have
described how
the ancient principles
are
highly
relevant
to
the
challenges
of
our
time.
China
strengthens
its
approach
by
also
absorbing
the
best
ideas
from
other
countries.
The
Art of War certainly cannot capture all facets of
China?s conduct of diplomacy and
defence
policy. But it?s my
belief that
this book provides a good
beginning to understand Chinese thinking and
culture.
I hope you will be
inspired to study China more with the support of
The Art of War. I believe if you follow this path
you will
grasp
the
value
of
China?s
choice
of
peaceful
development.
This
is
also
the
road
to
dispel
unfounded
misgivings
and
add
momentum for dialogue
and cooperation.
As future
military leaders from this prestigious college you
have high responsibilities. As China rises, you
will find my country
more relevant
within those responsibilities. So, I hope my
thoughts today will inspire you to study China
deeply.
In this way you can maximise
the prospect of building a peaceful and harmonious
world.
That is surely a
shared goal of mutual interest for all our people.
Thank you!
刘晓明大使在中国农业银行（英国）有限公司开业庆典上的讲话
（
2012
年
2
月
9
日，伦敦
Drapers
’
Hall
）
7
2012/02/11
尊敬的英国贸易与投资国务大臣格林勋爵，
尊敬的中国农业银行行长张云先生，
女士们、先生们：
我们刚庆祝了中国农历龙年新春，
就又迎来了一件喜事，中国农业银行（英国）有限公司的开业之喜！我对此表
示热烈祝贺
。事实上，本周一我在出席伦敦“金融城之周”时，就已经向英国的金融界宣布了这个好消息。
< br>
中国农业银行（英国）有
限公司的开业，我认为：顺天时，居地利，拥人和。
首先，它顺应中国金融业“走出去”
、跨国经营的大趋势。改革开放以来，中国金融业在市场化改革和对外开放中
稳健发展，
不断壮大。同时，随着中国与世界各国贸易的不断增长，随着中国企业纷纷扬帆出海，加大对外投资，随
着中国公民大量出国旅游、工作和生活，中国金融业加大适应服务需求，走出去的步伐也在逐年加
快。中国农业银行，
作为新中国成立后的第一家国有商业银行，近年经过股份制改造，实
行了历史性跨越。中国农业银行（英国）有限公
司的成立，是农行融入国际、综合经营进
程的重要新起点。
第二，它坐居伦敦金融城——世界第一大金融中心的地利。伦敦是世界最大的外汇市场、黄金交易市场
和保险市
场。我们脚下这“一平方英里”集聚了全球
20%
的国际银行业务、
1/3
的外汇交易，世界
500
强企业中有
75
％在金融
城内设有分公司或办事处。中国农业银行将海外第一家子行设在伦敦金
融城，这对于贴近国际市场，提升对全球客户
的服务水平，培养专业人才队伍，都具有非
常重要的意义。
第三，
它
将受到中英两国金融机构、
企业和民众的热烈欢迎。
今年是中英
建立大使级外交关系
40
周年。
过去的
40
年，是两国政治关系不断走向成熟的
40
年，
是两国经贸合作取得突破性进展的
< br>40
年。
去年，两国货物贸易额创下
587
亿美元的新纪录。中英双向投资也在不断增加，特别是中国对英投资近年增长
很快，领域从贸易、银行、电信、航运
等部门延伸到基础设施、高端制造业、创意产业和
研发中心。目前，中英均将金融作为两国合作的重要领域，希望金
融成为两国各领域交流
与合作的一大服务平台。随着中国农业银行（英国）有限公司的成立，中国五大商业银行“工
农中建交”实现了伦敦聚首，完成了初步布局，奠定了发展坚实基础。
女士们，先生们，
中国农业银行的行标
（）
，
像一个
“田”
字
;
今年又是中国的龙年，
按
< br>《易经》
的说法，
龙与田的组合是
“见龙在田”
，
寓意着蓄势待发。我衷心希望中国农业银行（
英国）有限公司抓住机遇，秉承“诚信立业，稳健行远”的核心价值观，
坚持审慎稳健经
营、可持续发展，积极学习借鉴国际同行先进经验，努力加强品牌和业务能力建设，早日实现“飞龙
在天”
，成为中国银行业在英国市场的新生力军，成为促进中英经贸等各领域
合作的新推动力。
谢谢！
Remarks by Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at
the Opening of the Agricultural Bank of China (UK)
Limited
Drapers' Hall, 9 February 2012
2012/02/11
Lord Green,
President Zhang Yun,
Ladies
and Gentlemen,
I want to offer my warm
congratulations on the opening of the Agricultural
Bank of China (UK) Limited.
This is yet another happy event
following our recent celebration of the Chinese
New Year of the Dragon.
In
fact, I announced this good news to the British
financial and business community earlier this week
during a speech at City
Week.
I also pay a warm tribute to the
Agricultural Bank of China for their wise decision
to come to Britain.
8
Let me explain why:
First,
the arrival of Agricultural Bank of China in
London provides a powerful symbol of the go-global
initiative of Chinese
companies in
recent years.
Over 30 years of reform
and opening-up created a golden era for China's
development. This also saw our financial industry
grow and emerge onto the world stage.
This progress towards
globalisation was a result of China's growing
trade with the world. In addition, an increasing
number of
Chinese companies are seeking
an international presence and making more and more
investments worldwide. Also, each year
sees an increasing number of Chinese
citizens traveling, working and living outside
China.
China's financial
industry has responded with vigour to these
trends. They are providing ever higher quality and
wider range of
services and are well on
the way towards global expansion.
The
Agricultural Bank of China has a proud history. It
was the first state-owned commercial bank of the
People's Republic after
1949.
In recent years the Bank
has gone through an ambitious reform. It has now
become a share-holding group with a strengthened
corporate governance structure.
The opening of the UK
subsidiary today is an important milestone. It
marks a new beginning for the Agricultural Bank of
China
to provide global services to its
clients.
Second, coming to
London secures a solid foothold for the Bank in
the world's largest financial centre.
The City of London is the number one
forex, gold and insurance market of the world.
The 'Square Mile' under our
feet is where 20 percent of international banking
transactions and one third of forex trading are
done.
Meanwhile,
75 percent of the global top 500 companies have
branches or offices here.
These facts mean that opening its first
overseas subsidiary in the City is a huge step for
the Agricultural Bank of China.
Third, this
launch coincides with growing warmth in China -UK
relations.
2012 marks the
40th anniversary of China-UK full diplomatic
relations.
The 40-year
period saw China-UK relations grow and mature. It
is also a time when our economic ties have reached
one new
landmark after another.
Both China and Britain look to finance
as an important area of cooperation and hope to
use the industry as a catalyst for wider
cooperation.
The
opening
of
this
UK
subsidiary
provides
another
important
milestone.
It
means
that
all
China's
Big
Five
State
Owned
commercial banks have an established
presence in London.
The
establishment of China's 'Big Five' in London
creates another important dimension in China-
Britain relations. These links
will
provide a major launch-pad for China's banking
sector to reach across the world. It provides a
key support for the 'Big Five'
to build
up their global networks and competitiveness.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Today's launch provides an interesting
coincidence.
As you know we are now in
the Year of the Dragon. And the logo of the
Agricultural Bank of China is well connected with
the
Dragon
.
The
logo
looks
like
the
Chinese
character
'
田
',
which
is
pronounced:
TIAN.
In
turn
this
character
'
田
'means
farmland.
The ancient
Chinese classic, The Book of Changes tells us that
'dragon' and 'farmland' coming together means an
auspicious
and promising start!
It is my sincere hope that the
Agricultural Bank of China (UK) Limited will seize
this excellent opportunity. I wish them well in
their ambition to use this foundation
to reach out into the world.
I am also confident that Agricultural
Bank of China (UK) Limited, will follow the
strengths of its parent in China. These are
9
long-standing
values of credibility, prudential management and
sustainable development.
I
wish Agricultural Bank of China (UK) Limited every
success in becoming a vibrant player in Britain's
financial market.
I look
forward to Agricultural Bank of China (UK) Limited
making a major contribution to advancing the
partnership between
China and Britain.
Thank you!
刘晓明大使
在英国
48
家集团俱乐部春节晚宴上的演讲：中英关系的回顾与
期待
（
2012
年
2
月
6
日，伦敦多切斯特饭店）
2012/02/08
尊敬的
48
家集团俱乐部主席斯蒂芬?佩里先生，
尊敬的各位大臣，
尊敬的各位议员，
女士们、先生们：
我和我夫人胡平华很高兴出席
48
家集团俱乐部春节晚宴。我要祝贺佩里先生选了一个好日子。根
据中国的习俗，
春节庆祝活动一直持续到正月十五，也就是今天。今天又是中国传统佳节
元宵节，还适逢伊丽莎白二世女王陛下登基
60
周年纪念日，胡
锦涛主席已向女王陛下发来贺电。因此，可以说今天是“三喜临门”
。
< br>
刚刚过去的
2011
年，对中国意义非同寻常，它是中国“十二五”规划的开局之年。中
国加快转变经济发展方式，
加快调整经济结构，加快保障和改善民生，实现了经济总体平
稳较快发展，增长率达到
9.2%
。中国还积极发挥负责任
大国作用，促进世界经济增长和金融稳定，促进全球经济治理，促进国际和地区热点问题的和
平解决。
这一年，中英关系是好戏连台，高潮迭起，亮点不断。当我回顾过去一年双边各领域交流与合作成果时，很多个
“首次”让我印象尤其深刻。
政治领域，温家宝总理和李克强副总理先后访英，两国领导人
达成多项重要共识。王岐山副总理和戴秉国国务委
员先后来英，主持中英经济财金对话和
战略对话。中国领导人如此密集地访问英国，可以说前所未有。这既反映了中
国对中英关
系的重视程度，也体现了中英政治关系的热度。
经贸领域，英国百年品牌
MG
汽车在沉寂
16
年后首次推出两款新车型
MG6
，并成功创造了“英国设计、中国生
产和英国组装”的合作模式；中英接连召开了首次基础设施投资大会，首次知识产权研讨会，首次中小企业论坛。
双
方在不断探索新模式，开拓新领域，培育新增长点，中英务实合作的步伐越迈越大，道
路越走越宽。
< br>人文领域，中英决定建立中国同欧洲国家的首个高级别人文交流机制。中国艺术团体首次登上爱丁堡国际艺 术节
舞台，中国国家芭蕾舞团的《牡丹亭》和上海京剧院的《王子复仇记》中西合璧，体
现了高超的艺术水准。
《妈妈咪呀》
中文版首次在中国上演，在
中国各地受到热烈欢迎，场场爆满。在第十届世界大学生“汉语桥”决赛中，英国选手凭
借出色表现首次创造“团体佳绩”
。阔别
17
< br>年，大熊猫再次来到英国，并首次入驻爱丁堡动物园。
当然，
中英关系一年来的发展进步，难以用几个“首次”囊括。但很多“首次”的背后，却蕴含着锐意进取、勇
于创新的精神，是双边关系发展的不竭源泉。正如我最近在帝国理工学院演讲时所指出的，创新是
中国发展的关键，
我也想指出，创新是中英关系发展的关键。
我们已经迎来中国的龙年。龙在中
国文化中寓意吉祥如意，国泰民安。龙年里的大事、喜事分外集中。就中国而
言，
“十二五”规划进入全面实施阶段，中国共产党将召开“十八大”
，中
国站在发展的关键节点。对英国而言，英国
将迎来女王登基钻石庆典，伦敦即将举行奥运
会，世界的目光将汇集于此。
<
/p>
明天是一个重要的纪念日，这就是英国和中国民众都熟知的作家狄更斯诞辰
200
周年。我们都知道狄更斯有一部
经典作品，它的
名字叫《远大前程》
（
Great
E
xpectations
，可直译为“满怀期待”
）
，我对今年中英关系的发展可以说同
样“满怀期待”
。
—
—我期待中英双方更加积极有为。两国政府对不断发展中英关系已达成共识，社会各界也广泛支持。中英双方
10
应努力将共识转化为行动，加大投
入，加大创新，努力打造新增长点和新亮点。今年中英将迎来建立大使级外交关系
40<
/p>
周年，中国将成为伦敦书展主宾国，
“时代英国”活动将在中国开
展，中国也期待伦敦成为中国奥运军团的又一“福
地”
。中英双
方要充分把握机遇，加强交往，扩大共识，深化合作。
——我期待中英双方加强信任理解。中国古语说：
“和实生物，同则不继”
。中英由于历史文化、社会制度和价值
观念不同，在一些问题上存在分歧是正常的。我们不赞成将自己的观念强加于人，也不赞成搞“麦克 风外交”
。我们主
张在相互尊重和平等相待的基础上，进行坦诚
的对话，增进相互了解，加强政治互信，妥善处理分歧。我认为，这是
中英关系健康稳定
发展的前提和基础。
——我期待中英双方收获丰硕成果
。就在年初，我们得到了一个好消息，中国中投公司投资英国泰晤士水务公司，
这是自去
年中英积极致力于促进基础设施投资合作以来，取得的一项重要成果。我相信，只要双方找准方向，积极探
索，今年两国在双向投资、贸易金融、中小企业合作、技术创意等领域将取得一个又一个互利共
赢的合作新成果。
总之，我期待
2012
年的中英关系像奥林匹克格言
所说，实现“更快、更高、更强”
。
最后，我要感谢
48
家集团俱乐部举办如此隆重的春节晚宴。这不仅是“破冰者”们的聚会，更是中英关系中的年
度盛事。
60
年前的龙年，当老佩里先生（杰克?
佩里）成立伦敦出口公司并在此后辗转前往中国进行“破冰之旅”时，
他是身单力薄，应
者寥寥。今天，
48
家集团俱乐部纳各行各业代表，融社会各界
精英，成为推动中英关系发展的重要
力量。我也高兴地看到，在座有越来越多的“青年破
冰者”和“妇女破冰者”
，他们的加入为
48
< br>家集团俱乐部输入了
新鲜血液，也为中英关系长远广阔的发展增添了力量。祝愿在
佩里先生的领导下，
48
家集团在龙年龙腾虎跃，不断发
展壮大！
现在，我提议，
为中英友好合作不断持续发展！
为两国人民友谊更加深厚牢固！
干杯！
Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming
at the
The Dorchester Hotel, London, 6
February 2012
2012/02/08
Mr. Stephen
Perry,
Ministers,
My Lords, MPs,
Distinguished
Guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
My wife Hu Pinghua and I are delighted
to attend the “Icebreakers” Chinese New Year
Dinner tonight.
I must
congratulate Mr. Perry on picking a wonderful date
for this event. It means we have three big things
to celebrate. In
Chinese we
call it, ?SAN
- XI
–
LIN -
MEN? or
?Triple Happiness?.
First,
in Chinese culture, New Year celebrations
traditionally run two weeks, and culminate in the
last day. That is exactly today.
Second, today is the Lantern Festival
o
n China?s lunar calendar.
Third,
today
is
the
60th
anniversary
of
Her
Majesty
the
Queen
ascending
the
throne.
President
Hu
Jintao
has
sent
a
warm
message of
congratulation to Her Majesty the Queen.
At New Year it is a custom
to celebrate, look forward and reflect.
2011 was an extraordinary
year in China?s history:
?
There was the
launch of China?s 12th
Five
-
Year Plan. This aims to
reorient China?s growth model, restructure the
economy,
and improve living standards.
11
?
China saw a
strong 9.2 percent growth.
?
And
China
played
a
responsible
role
in
promoting
global
financial
stability,
international
economic
governance,
and
addressing global and
regional challenges.
2011
was also a high water mark in China-UK relations.
There were many ?first?s?
in the
wide-ranging exchanges and
cooperation between our two countries:
?
Politically,
Premier Wen Jiabao and Vice Premier Li Keqiang
visited Britain. They built important common
understanding
with British leaders
about where China-UK relations should go.
?
Vice
Premier
Wang
Qishan
and
State
Councilor
Dai
Bingguo
co-chaired
with
their
UK
counterparts
the
Economic
and
Financial Dialogue and the Strategic
Dialogue in London.
?
It
is
important
to
note
the
high
frequency
of
Chinese
high-level
visits
to
Britain.
Thi
s
shows
the
importance
of
China?s
partnership with
Britain and the level of strength of our political
relations.
In the business
and economic areas there were significant
advances:
?
The
century-old MG company, owned by the Shanghai
Automotive Industry Corporation, unveiled two new
models of MG6.
The
MG6
is
the
first
car
rolled
off
the
Longbridge
after
a
break
of
16
years.
This
created
a
brand new
cooperation
model:
?Designed in Britain,
Manufactured in China and Assembled in Britain?.
?
Our
two countries held the first Infrastructure
Investment Conference, the first IPR Symposium and
the first SME Forum.
Efforts are being
made by both sides to develop new cooperation
models and new growth points. Our shared
commitment is to
take our cooperation
forward.
There were many other areas of
progress:
?
Take
people-to-
people
exchanges.
Our
countries
agreed
to
create
what
will
be
China?s
first
high
-level
people-to-people
exchange
mechanism with any European country.
?
Last
year,
Chinese art
ensembles
gave
performances
at
the
Edinburgh
International
Festival
for
the
first
time.
These
won
enthusiastic audience and media
responses.
?
The Chinese version of the smash hit
musical Mamma Mia was a sell-out success in China.
?
Team Britain scooped more individual
prizes
than ever in the 10th ?Chinese
Bridge Proficiency Competition.?
?
Another happy
event was that, after 17 years, giant pandas came
back in Britain and settled into Edinburgh Zoo.
Of
course, these ?first?s? are not enough to capture
everything China and U
K achieved
together last year. But they are symbolic
of our shared values of enterprise and
creativity. These are the real sources of strength
that support our bilateral relations.
In
a
recent
speech
at
Imperial
College
London
I
said:
?innovation
is
China?s
path
to
success?.
The
same
can
be
said
of
China-
UK relations:
?innovation is the path to a successful
China
-
UK
relationship?.
We are now in
the Year of the Dragon. In the Chinese culture the
dragon is linked to happiness and prosperity. The
Dragon year
is also packed with big and
important events:
?
China?s 12th
Five
-Year
Plan
will
be
in
full
swing.
The
Communist
Party
of
China
will
hold
the
18th
National
Congress.
These are
new milestones that will bring China into a new
era of development.
?
For Britain, 2012 marks the Diamond
Jubilee of Her Majesty the Queen and is the London
Olympic year. The eyes of the
whole
world will be on Britain.
Tomorrow is the bicentenary of the
birth of Charles Dickens. He is famous in China
and worldwide.
One
of
his
maste
rpieces
was
?Great
Expectations?.
This
title
aptly
reflects
my
feelings
about
the
New
Year.
My
?great
expectations? about China
-UK
relations in 2012 are these:
I look
forward to more active engagements.
Building a stronger China-UK
partnership is the shared objective of the Chinese
and British governments. This has wide public
support.
What is
pressing now is to turn the sense of common
purpose into firm actions. We need to invest more
in this relationship and
12
create new growth points and progress.
There is no shortage of opportunities:
?
China and
Britain will celebrate 40 years of full diplomatic
relations.
?
China will be the Market Focus country
of the London Book Fair.
?
The UK Now
cultural festival is coming to China.
?
Furthermore,
Chinese athletes look to repeat their success in
the London Olympics this summer!
These are opportunities that China and
Britain can use to deepen exchanges and
cooperation.
I look forward to enhanced trust and
understanding.
As a Chinese saying
goes: ?Harmony in diversity makes a thriving
world?.
Due to differences
in history, culture, social system and values,
it?s only natural that China and Britain may
disagree on ce
rtain
issues.
We don?t think it
appropriate to impose one?s own views and values
on others, nor
do we believe
in ?megaphone diplomacy?.
What
we
encourage
is
sincere
and
equal
dialogue
on
the
basis
of
mutual
respect.
It?s
a
good
way
to
enhance
mutual
understanding, strengthen political
trust and manage differences. This is the
precondition and foundation for healthy and steady
growth of China-UK relations.
I look forward to a more productive
partnership.
Last month, China
Investment Corporation made equity investment in
Thames Water. This is a major outcome following
last
year?s China
-Britain
joint initiative on infrastructure investment
cooperation.
I?m confident that if we
get the direction right and make real efforts
there will be win
-win outcomes. With
that formula there
are many more things
we can do together such as:
?
two-way
investment;
?
trade;
?
finance;
?
SME?s;
?
technology
sector;
?
and
creative industries.
To borrow the
motto of the Olympics, the goal for
China-
UK relations this year should be:
?Swifter, Higher, Stronger?.
As we look to the future with
confidence and optimism, I must take this best
opportunity to thank the 48 Group Club for this
New Year dinner.
This is not
only a gathering for ?Ice breakers?, but also an
annual event for China
-UK relations.
Sixty years ago, in another year of the
Dragon, Mr. Jack Perry founded the London Export
Corporation. When he embarked on
his
?ice
-
breaking?
journey
to
China,
he
didn?t
have
many
followers
or
extensive
support.
But
his
pioneering
spirit
laid
the
foundations of the 48 Group Club.
Today, the 48 Group Club has leaders
and representatives from all sectors and has
become an important force in China-UK
relations.
Much to our
encouragement, we are joined by more and more
?Young Icebreakers? and ?Women Icebreakers?. Their
presence
brings more vitality to the 48
Group Club and adds new momentum to China-UK
relations.
I wish the 48 Group Club a
prosperous and successful year under Mr. Perry?s
leadership!
In closing, may
I propose a toast,
To the stronger
cooperation between China and Britain!
And to the deepened friendship between
Chinese and British people!
Cheers!
驻英国大使刘晓明在伦敦“金融城之周”活动的主旨演讲：抓
住机遇，深化合作，互利共赢
13
2012/02/07
（
2012
年
2
月
6
日，伦敦伊丽莎白二世会议中心）
尊敬的伦敦金融城市长先生，
尊敬的主席先生，
女士们、先生们：
我很高兴出席今天的伦敦“金融城之周”的活动，并愿借此机
会向大家介绍中国金融业发展状况并与大家共同探
讨如何加强中英金融领域合作。
过去四年，提
起“金融”这个词，人们首先想到的可能是：金融危机。如果提起“金融”和“伦敦”两个词，人
们首先想到的可能是：伦敦超过纽约，成为世界第一大金融中心。如果提起“金融”和“中国”这两个词
，人们又首
先该想到什么呢？我的答案是：长足发展。
尽管过去四年是国际金融危机发生
、蔓延和深化的四年，世界经济形势极为复杂严峻，但中国经济保持了平稳较
快发展，中
国金融业取得了历史性进步。
首先，中国金融业实力大大增强。
中国对金融机构实行了大刀阔斧式的改革，特别是对工、农、中、建、交五大
国有控股商
业银行完成了股份制改革。如今，这些大型商业银行公司治理逐步健全，盈利能力显著提高。过去，在全
球
10
大银行中，清一色欧美、日本的银行，现
在中国工商银行等中资银行已成排行榜上的常客。截止到去年
11
月末，
中国金融业总资产达
119
万
亿元人民币，比
2006
年末增长了
1
49%
。
2011
年
< br>9
月末，商业银行资本充足率
12.3%
，比
五年前提高
5
个百分点；
不良贷款率
0.9%
，比五年前下降
6
.2
个百分点。
第二，中国金融市场体系日益健全。中国已基本形成功能相互
补充、交易场所多层次、交易产品多样化的金融市
场体系。
20
11
年末，沪深两市上市公司
2342
家，总市值
21.5
万亿元人民币，位居世界第二。债券市场规
模超过
20
万
亿元人民币，位居世界第
五。期货市场稳步发展，覆盖农产品、金属、能源、化工和金融等领域的期货品种体系初步
形成。保险市场快速发展，
2011
年中国保费收入
1.43
万亿元人民币，是
2006
年同期的近
3
倍。外汇市场交易主体增
加，产品不断创新。
第三，中国金融抗风险能力大大增强。我们坚持正确把握金融宏观调控的方向、力度和节
奏，综合运用利率、汇
率、存款准备金率和公开市场操作等工具，促进货币信贷合理增长
，调整优化信贷结构，较好地处理了金融支持经济
发展、控制通货膨胀与防范金融风险的
关系。我们立足基本国情，不断完善银行、证券、保险分业监管体制，加强金
融监管协调
。我们积极借鉴国际监管理念和标准，改进监管方式和手段，对系统性风险隐患早发现、早干预。我们不
断强化市场基础性制度建设，推动完善企业公司治理。
我想强调的是，在发展金融产业的
过程中，中国注意吸取从国际金融危机中得到的教训，始终坚持金融服务实体
经济的本质
要求，牢牢把握发展实体经济这一坚实基础，确保资金投向实体经济，防止虚拟经济过度自我循环和膨胀，
防止出现产业空心化现象；中国始终坚持创新与监管相协调的发展理念，支持金融组织创新、产
品和服务模式创新，
提高金融市场发展的深度和广度，同时防止以规避监管为目的和脱离
经济发展需要的“创新”
。
第四，
中国金融业日益对外开放。中国自十年前加入世贸组织以来，全面履行入世承诺，坚持“引进来”
、
“走出
去”
，大幅提高金融
业市场开放度。在华外资金融机构规模扩大，截至去年
9
月末，
在中国注册的外商独资和中外合资
法人银行业机构
14
家，
73
家外国银行在中国设立
191
家分行和
61
家支行，
183
家外国银行在中国设立
242<
/p>
家代表处，
在华外资银行资产总额高达
1
051
亿美元。名列《财富》
500
强
中的
40
多家境外保险公司大多数已进入中国保险市场，
这其中包括英国的标准人寿、保诚集团和皇家太阳联合保险集团（
RS
A
）等。中国稳步推进股票市场、债券市场对外
开放，
实施合格境内机构投资者、
境外机构投资者制度。
截至
2011
年底，
中国批准设立的
合格境外投资者已经达到
135
家。中国稳步推动人民币汇率形
成机制和利率市场化改革，中国与
14
个国家和地区签署了总额
为
1.3
万多亿元人民币
的双边本币互
换协议，人民币结算额已上升至中国外贸总额近
10%
，人民币
国际地位明显提升。中国不断加强国际金
14
融合作，积极参与国际经济金融治理机制建设，在国际货币基金组织和世界银行中的份额和投票权得到
提高，在二十
国集团中的作用日益突出。
现在，我想再问大家一个问题，如
果同时提到“金融”
、
“英国”和“中国”这三个关键词，人们
首先想到的会是
什么？可能不同的人会有不同的联想。
中国中投公司董事长楼继伟想到的
可能是：加大在英国的金融投资。的确，就在上个月，中投公司投资入股了泰
晤士水务公
司，这是中英决定加强基础设施投资合作以来的首项重要成果。中国企业正加快对英投资步伐，领域从贸
易、银行、电信、航运等部门延伸到高端制造业、创意产业、研发中心和基础设施。截至
2011
年底，中国对英非金融
类直接投资超过
了
23
亿美元，其中去年一年就占近半，达
11.3
亿美元。我相信，随着中英双向投资的不断发展，两国
金融业可以发挥更大的作用。
中国银监会新任主席尚福林想到的
可能是：加强中英在金融监管领域的交流。不久前，英国改革了金融监管体制，
设立了金
融市场行为监管局（
FCA
）
。金融监
管在中国发展历程相对较短，经验也不多，我认为，英国的改革思路、目
标和效果及其对
中国的参考借鉴，应当成为中英金融监管者今后密切沟通的主题。
英国财政大臣奥斯本想到的可能是
：伦敦成为人民币离岸交易中心。去年
9
月，在第四届中英经济
财金对话时，
中英双方就此已经进行了讨论。上月，奥斯本财政大臣访华时与香港金融管
理局达成了合作协议，希望伦敦作为香港
的一个补充，成为人民币离岸交易中心。我认为
，中英双方可继续就此积极探索。
汇丰银行集团主席范智廉想到的可能是：尽快在上海证交所国际版上市。尽管国际版目前
尚无时间表，但推进上
海证券市场国际板建设，支持符合条件的境外企业发行人民币股票
，这是中国政府的既定方针。我知道，汇丰银行和
渣打银行正争取乘上首趟列车。
中国农业银行
行长张云想到的则可能是：如何在英国开展国际化经营。就在三天后，中国农业银行（英国）有限
公司将在伦敦金融城正式开业，中国五大国有控股商业银行实现了齐聚伦敦，分别开设了五家子公司。我
认为，中英
双方金融机构应抓住机遇，加强交流，深化合作，两国政府、监管部门应积极
为促进双方企业的合作创造良好条件。
我认为，这些就是中英未来金融合作的几个主要方向和领域，
而我们的目标只有一个：互利共赢。
谢谢。
Seize the Opportunity to deepen a Win-
Win Partnership
Keynote Speech by
Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the City Week 2012 Intl
Financial Services Forum
2012/02/07
(The Queen
Elizabeth II Conference Centre, London, 6 February
2012)
Lord
Mayor,
Mr. Chairman,
Ladies
and Gentlemen,
It?s a great pleasure to
attend the City Week 2012 and this International
Financial Services Forum.
This is a most valuable forum in which
to share insights.
There is
a great need for dialogue as we are in the fourth
year of the global financial crisis. It is only
through discussion that we
can build
the mutual understanding needed to secure
stability in the financial markets of the world.
Over the past four years, whenever the
word ?Finance? is mentioned, it has always been
associated with the financial crisis.
When ?Finance? and ?London? are put
together, the first thing that comes to people?s
mind would pr
obably be London replacing
New York as the world?s number one
financial centre.
And when
talking about ?Finance? and ?China?, what do you
have in mind?
My answer is:
historic progress.
Today I
will share with you my analysis of the historic
progress of
China?s financial industry.
15
Since the collapse of Lehman Brothers
in September 2008, the crisis has rolled around
the world. As developed economies have
stumbled, China?s economy showed strong
resilience.
At the same
time, the Chinese financial industry weathered the
external shocks and achieved historic progress.
Now, let me explain what I
mean by ?historic progress?.
First, China?s financial industry is
more competitive.
China has
introduced sweeping reforms to its financial
institutions.
This
ambit
ious plan transformed the ?Big
Five? stated
-owned commercial banks,
namely:
?
Industrial and Commercial Bank of
China;
?
Agricultural Bank of China;
?
Bank of China;
?
China
Construction Bank;
?
and Bank of Communications.
Each of the ?Big Five? has
evolve
d into share holding financial
groups.
Over the past few
years, these banks have strengthened corporate
governance and raised profitability.
The result has been dramatic.
The global ranking of the top 10 banks
is no longer dominated by American, European and
Japanese banks.
Today, the
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and other
Chinese banks have become heavy-weight players in
the world.
In late November
2011 the Chinese financial industry was valued at
119 trillion RMB yuan, or 11.9 trillion pound.
That means
a rise of 149 percent from
the year end of 2006.
By
September 2011 Chinese commercial banks? capital
adequacy ratio reached 12.3 percent. That is up by
5 percent compared
to five years ago.
Also in this period, their
non-performing loans ratio dropped to 0.9 percent
from 7.1 percent.
My second point about ?historic
progress? is to highlight the growing maturity of
China?s financial markets.
China
now
has
strong
and
maturing
financial
markets.
They
have
diverse
products
and
trading
facilities
that
reinforce
each
other. These are some
of the key points:
?
By late 2011, there were 2,342 listed
companies at the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock
Exchanges. These have a total market
capitalisation of 21.5 trillion RMB
yuan, or 2.15 trillion pound. The
Chinese stock markets now rank as the
world?s second
largest.
?
With bonds
China has developed an over 20 trillion yuan, or 2
trillion pound market, which ranks fifth in the
world.
?
Futures trading in China continues to
rise. Markets now span agricultural products,
metals, energy, chemicals and financial
products.
?
As a measure of
a flourishing insurance market, this industry
posted a record premium of 1.43 trillion yuan, or
143 billion
pound, in 2011, which is
about 3 times that of 2006.
?
The forex
market has also become more robust, attracting
more traders and rolling out new investment
products.
My third point
about ?historic progress? is how China?s financial
system has grown resilient to risks.
There has been very different
approaches to managing financial market risks in
the world over the past thirty years.
Over the past three decades, China?s
macro regulatory reform has kept the financial
industry well regulated.
The Chinese government policy used a
wide range of tools:
?
Fine-tuning was flexible and timely.
?
There was the
fine-tuning of intensity and pace of regulation in
the light of the
wider economic
environment and market
conditions.
?
China employed a full range of measures
including interest rate, forex rate, bank reserve
ratio for savings and open market
operations.
16
?
Care was taken
with money and credit growth.
?
The lending
structure was improved. China highlighted the
value of the financial sector macro management.
?
This meant that China struck the right
balance among supporting growth, managing
inflation and preventing financial risks.
?
Tailored
to
China?s
economic
conditions,
we
have
developed
a
more
effective
and
coordinated
regulatory
structure.
This
covers the banking
sector, securities trading and insurance services.
China has a long history of
taking ideas from the rest of the world. We have
adopted international concepts and standards to
improve our regulatory approaches and
vehicles.
At the heart of
the Chinese risk management system is early
warning of systemic risks and immediate
intervention to prevent
contagion.
At the same time, we have
strengthened the institutional infrastructure and
pushed for corporate governance to operate to
higher
standards.
All
these
factors
explain
how
China
has
made
?historic
progress?
in
the
past
four
years
of
financial
crisis
in
the
developed
countries.
What I hope to
bring to your attention is that China is a serious
student of the history of financial industry and
global crises.
We are
deeply aware of the centrality of the real economy
in national prosperity. Chinese people know that
the financial sector
should have an
important supporting role.
But at the same time, the financial
sector should not expand excessively at the
expense of the manufacturing base.
China provides crucial lessons for the
world that finding the right balance of regulation
of the financial sector is critical for
winning stable and sustainable
performance.
China will
continue to keep financial innovation and
financial regulation in balance.
On one side, we support the innovation
of organisational structure, products and service
models in the financial sector. China
recognises that these are essential
elements for the financial markets to reach
greater depth and breadth.
On the other hand, we are determined to
prevent the kind of innovation that sidesteps
regulation or is divorced from the real
economy.
My fourth point about
?historic progress? in China is that our financial
industry is increasingly open to the
world.
China
joined
the
WTO
just
over
10
years
ago.
Since
then
China
has
delivered
its
commitments.
This
means
China
has
significantly opened its financial
markets and encouraged its financial institutions
to operate globally. These facts measure the
progress:
?
Foreign financial institutions have
e
xpanded their presence and secured a
firm footing on China?s market. Foreign banking
assets in China reached 105.1 billion
US dollars.
?
By September 2011, 14 wholly owned
foreign banks and Sino-foreign joint-equity banks
were registered in China. Now, 191
branches
and
61
sub-branches
of
foreign
banks
are
operating
in
China.
There
are
another
242
offices
of
183
foreign
banks
across the country.
?
In
the
insurance
sector,
among
some
40
global
insurers
on
the
Fortune
500
list,
most
have
had
operations
in
Ch
ina?s
insurance
market. These include Standard Life, Prudential
and RSA from Britain.
?
China?s steady
opening
-up of its stock and bond
markets is just as impressive and productive. A
range of measures have been
introduced,
such
as
the
(Qualified
Domestic
Institutional
Investors)
QDII
scheme
and
the
(Qualified
Foreign
Institutional
Investors) QFII scheme. By the end of
2011, 135 qualified foreign institutional
investors had been cleared to invest in
China
?s
securities market.
?
The
reforms towards a managed floating RMB exchange
rate and a market-driven interest rate scheme have
made progress.
China has signed 1.3
trillion RMB yuan, or 130 billion pound, worth of
bilateral currency swap agreements with 14
countries
and regions. The fact that
nearly 10 perc
ent of China?s
international trade annually is settled by
Renminbi points to a significant
rise
of the currency?s global status.
17
?
China is keen to further deepen its
global financial cooperation. We are an active
participant in global economic and financial
governance. Increasingly our voice is
heard at key international forums. For example,
China is now holding more quotas and
voting shares in the IMF and the World
Bank. China?s role and contribution in the G20 is
now welcome and influential.
In my anal
ysis of the
?historic progress? of China I have been
reflecting on trends in the past thirty
years.
So what about
?forward progress? for China and its participation
in global financial markets?
As we are in the UK I will focus on
Britain and London as the
world?s
leading financial city.
I
will give you these ?forward progress? answers by
trying to read the minds of some Chinese and
British financial leaders.
Let
me
start
with
Chairman
Lou
Jiwei
of
China
Investment
Corporation.
He
might
say:
“Increase
financ
ial
investment
in
Britain.”
In
January, CIC announced its equity investment deal
with Thames Water. This was a major step following
last November?s
China-UK infrastructure
investment initiative.
This
deal came as a wave of Chinese businesses are
showing greater interest to invest in Britain. The
areas of capital inflow
include a broad
spectrum of sectors, such as:
?
Trade;
?
Banking;
?
Telecommunications,;
?
Shipping;
?
Advanced
manufacturing;
?
Creative industries;
?
Research and
development;
?
And infrastructure.
By the end of 2011, China?s direct
investment in Britain totaled 2.3 billion US
dollars. What?s encouraging is that almost
ha
lf
that amount - or 1.13
billion US dollars - was invested in last year
alone.
I have confidence as
our two-way investment rises to a new level, the
financial communities in China and Britain will
have
more opportunities to collaborate.
Now,
how
might
Chairman
Shang
Fulin
of
China
Banking
Regulatory
Commission
answer
the
question
about
?forward
progress?? This may be: “Strengthen
exchanges with British financial regulators.”
We meet at a time of global
economic and financial storm.
For the regulators worldwide, fixing
institutional weaknesses and rebuilding the
financial industry is the number one priority.
This is clearly an area
where Britain can show its strength. As part of
its financial regulatory reform, Britain has set
up the
Financial Conduct Authority.
Compared with the UK,
financial regulation is relatively young in China.
Our regulatory experience is not nearly as much as
that of our British colleagues.
That?s why Britain?s reform
agenda, fresh thinking and policy implications can
be of great value for China. These topics
shou
ld
be front and centre
between Chinese and British decision-makers in
their financial regulatory dialogues.
What
is
on
the
mind
of
Chancellor
George Osborne
in
terms
of
?forward
progress?
with
China? He
has
made it
very
clear:
“Build London into an
offshore RMB centre.”
This
was an initiative on the agenda of the 4th China-
UK Economic and Financial Dialogue last September.
On his China visit last
month, Chancellor Osborne agreed with Hong Kong
Monetary Authority on building collaborative ties
on RMB trading.
The hope from the British side is
London can over time become a RMB offshore trading
centre as a supplement to Hong Kong.
This is a good plan that should be
worked on by the two countries.
Another obvious answer on ?forward
progress? on China can come from HSBC Chairman
Douglas Flint. HSBC has made it
18
clear: “List the HSBC
stock on the international board of the Shanghai
Stock Exchange.”
So
far,
the
Shanghai
Stock
Exchange
has
given
no
broad
outlines
on
how
this
will
happen.
Nor
is
any
timetable
of
an
?international board?
emerging.
But
China?s
policy
position
is
clear
and
consist
ent.
We
are
determined
to
attract
committed
international
players
to
list
on
Shanghai?s capital
market. And we support the issuing of Renminbi
stock by qualified corporations outside China.
Policymakers
in
China
are
now
laying
the
groundwork
for
an
institutional
framework.
Clearly
the
HSBC
and
the
Standard
Chartered are trying to catch the early
tide.
What might be the answer on
?forward progress? from President Zhang Yun of the
Agricultural Bank of China? This is likely to
be: “Launch the bank?s operations in
Britain.”
In just three days
from today, the Agricultural Bank of China (UK)
Limited will officially open in the
City. This marks the
moment that all
the Big Five state-owned commercial banks in China
have established presence in London. By the end of
this
week each will have one
subsidiary.
I
encourage
Chinese
and
British
financial
institutions
to
follow
the
example
of
those
forerunners.
They
should
seize
opportunities to strengthen exchanges
and deepen co-operation.
For this to happen, Chinese and British
governments and regulatory authorities should also
take up their responsibilities. This
means they should work together to
create a pro-business environment for our
financial communities to chart a successful path
forward.
As we
?progress forward?
, a clear consensus
has emerged between China and the UK. The
financial industries are an area where
China and Britain have a huge potential
to cooperate with each other.
All of us
seek one objective.
This is stable and
sustainable financial markets and a win-win future
for all.
Thank you!
刘晓明大使在英国新鲜农产品协会举办的中国“主宾国”晚宴上的讲话
（
2012
年
2
月
4
日，伦敦萨沃伊饭店）
2012/02/06
尊敬的吉姆?罗杰斯主席，
中英两国农产品企业家朋友们，
女士们、先生们：
我很高兴作为主宾国代表出席英国新鲜农产品协会第
66
届年度晚宴。
中英间农产品贸易历史可以说非常悠久。早在
1637
年，英国商人就从中国广州购买了一百多磅的农产品回国，这
大概开了中英农产品贸易的先河。到
1658
年
，这种农产品走出了宫廷，开始面向英国大众销售，并且还出现了这样的
广告：
“一切医士们推荐赞赏的优良饮料，在伦敦皇家交易所附近的苏丹王妃咖啡店内有货出售。
”
这种农产品正如大家所知，就是茶叶。几百年来，饮茶已经成为英国民众不可或缺的生活方式。而最 初，英国民
众曾直接以中文读音将这种来自东方的饮料称为“
c
ha
”
。可以说，当人们用“
Cha<
/p>
”来点茶时，就已经是在开始学习讲
中文了。
当然，茶叶是“干货”
，不属于新鲜农产品，客观上当时也不具备新鲜农产品贸易的条件。
时光荏苒，今非昔比。随着交通工
具和保鲜技术的不断更新，特别是随着中英贸易关系的全面和快速发展，中英
间新鲜农产
品贸易早已不存在技术性障碍，贸易品种越来越多，贸易额不断扩大。根据英国海关统计，
2010
年，英国
从中国进口的新鲜水果和蔬菜价值达到
4500
多万美元。
中国的特点是幅员辽阔，物产丰富。因此，中国的农产品种类繁多。中国是世界上第五大农产
品出口国和第四大
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：翻译人员英文简历
下一篇：新概念英语第二册课文翻译及词汇Lesson94~96