2015职称英语新增阅读理解逐句翻译版

第九篇

AnEssential Scientific Process

All

life

on

the

earth

depends

upon

green

sunlight,

the

plants

produce

their

own

food.

Then

animals

feed

upon

theplants.

They

take

in

the

nutrients

the

plants

have

made

and

stored.

But

that?snot

all.

Sunlight

also

helps

a

plant

produce

oxygen. Some of the oxygen is usedby the plant, but a plant usually produces more

oxygen than it uses. The

excess

oxygen is necessary for animalsand other organisms

to live.

The process of changing light into food and oxygenis called photosynthesis. Besides

light energy from the sun, plants also usewater and carbon dioxide. The water gets to

the plant through its roots. Thecarbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings

called stomata. Thecarbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of

greenplants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the

chlorophyllsthat give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules

thattrap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide

toproduce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.

Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of thestomata. Water vapor also moves

out of the stomata. More than 90 percent ofwater a plant takes in through its roots

escapes through the stomata. Duringthe daytime, the stomata of most plants are open.

This allows carbon dioxide toenter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls,

carbon dioxide is notneeded. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops.

If photosynthesis ceased, there would be littlefood or other organic matter on the earth.

Most organisms would disappear. Theearth?s atmosphere would no longer contain

oxygen. Photosynthesis is essentialfor life on our planet.

An Essential Scientific Process

参考译文：一个至关重要的科学过程

1. All life on the earth depends upon green plants.

参考译文：地球上所有的生命都依靠绿色植物生存。

2. Using sunlight, the plants produce their ownfood.

参考译文：植物利用阳光制造自己的食物。

3. Then animals feed upon the plants.

参考译文：而动物则以植物为食。

4. They take in the nutrients the plants have madeand stored.

参考译文：它们吸收植物制造和储存的营养物质。

5. But that's not all.

参考译文：但是植物能做的不仅仅是这些。

6. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen.

参考译文：植物还能利用阳光制造氧气。

7. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen

thanit uses.

参考译文 ：

这些氧气的一部分被植物自身消耗了，

但植物制造的氧气远多 于它们消耗的氧气。

8. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals andother organisms to live.

参考译文：这些额外的氧气对于动物以及其 他生物体的生存是至关重要的。

9. The process of changing light into food andoxygen is called photosynthesis.

参考译文：植物将光转化为食物和氧气的过程叫做光合作用。

10. Besides light energy from the sun, plants alsouse water and carbon dioxide.

参考译文：植物不仅吸收阳光中的能量，还吸收水和二氧化碳。

11. The water gets to the plant through its roots.

参考译文：水通过根系进入植物体内。

12. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves throughtinyopeningscalled stomata.

参考译文：二氧化碳通过小孔进入叶子，这些小孔叫做气孔。

13. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplastsspecial cells in the bodies of green

plants.

参考译文：二氧化碳 到达叶绿体，叶绿体是绿色植物体内的一种特殊细胞。

14. This is where photosynthesis takes place.

参考译文：光合作用就是在这里发生的。

15. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that giveplants their green color.

参考译文：叶绿体内含有叶绿素，这种物质使得叶子呈现绿色。

16. The chlorophylls are the molecules that traplight energy.

参考译文：叶绿素是能够收集光能的分子。

17. The trapped light energy changes water andcarbon dioxide to produce oxygen and

a simple sugar called glucose.

参考译文：收集来的光能将水和二氧化碳转化，产生氧气和一 种单糖

——

葡萄糖。

18. Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out ofthe stomata.

参考译文：二氧化碳和氧气通过气孔进出。

19. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata.

参考译文：水蒸气也是从气孔逸出。

20. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes inthrough its roots escapes through the

stomata.

参考译 文：植物体通过根系吸收的水分中，超过

90%

都是从气孔逸出 的。

21. During the daytime, the stomata of most plantsare open.

参考译文：白天，大多数植物的气孔都是张开的。

22. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leavesfor photosynthesis.

参考译文：这使得二氧化碳能进入叶子参与光合作用。

23. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed.

参考译文：到了夜晚，植物不再需要二氧化碳。

24. The stomata of most plants close.

参考译文：大多数植物的气孔就关闭了。

25. Water loss stops.

参考译文：水分散失也停止了。

26. If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little

（表否定）

food or other organic

matter onthe earth.

参考译文：如果光合作用停止， 地球上将不会再有食物或其他有机物质。

27. Mostorganisms would disappear.

参考译文：大多数生物体都会消失。

28. The earth's atmosphere would no longer containoxygen.

参考译文：地球的大气中将不再有氧气。

29. Photosynthesis is essential for life on ourplanet.

参考译文：光合作用对于地球上的生命来说是至关重要的。

第二十二篇

Real WorldRobots

When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny,metallic device having the same

general shape as a human being, performinghumanlike functions, and responding to

your questions in a monotone voiceaccentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This

is the way many of us imaginea robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at

all. Instead a robotoften is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries

outrepetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today?s robot

ismore than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A

modernrobot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence

—

that is,

arobot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associatedwith

human intelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions, and learningfrom past

experience.

A robot does not possess a human shape for thesimple reason that a two-legged robot

has great difficulty remaining balanced.A robot does, however, move from place to

place on wheels and axles that rolland rotate. A robot even has limbs that swivel and

move in combination withjoints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings

1

, a

robotutilizes various built-

in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot?s base

detectanything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on anincline, a

gyroscope or a pendulum inside it senses the vertical determine its

distance from an object and how quickly it will reach theobject

，

the robotbounces

beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in itspath

2

. These and

other sensors constantly feed information to thecomputer, which then analyzes the

information and corrects or adjusts therobot?s actions. As science and technology

advance, the robot too will progressin its functions and use of artificial-intelligence

programs.

Real World Robots

参考译文：现实世界中的机器人

1. When you think of a robot, do you envision ashiny, metallic device having the same

general shape as a human being,performing humanlike functions, and responding to

your questions in a monotonevoice accentuated by high- pitched tones and beeps.

参考译 文：

当你想到机器人的时候，

你脑海中浮现的是不是一个有着大 致人类轮廊的、

能够

发挥像人类一样的功能，并且能用夹杂着高 音的单调音调回答你的问题的有光泽的金属装

置？

2. This is the way many of us imagine a robot, butin the real world, a robot is not

humanoid at all.

参考译文：

很多人想象中的机器人都是这个样子的，但是，在现实世界中，机器人和人类 长

得一点都不像。

3. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box- shapedmachine that efficiently carries out

repetitive or dangerous functions usuallyperformed by humans.

参考译文：

与之相反，

机器人通常是一个不会说话的盒子状机器 ，

能够代替人类高效率地完

成一些重复性的或者危险的工作。< /p>

4. Today?s robot is more than an automatic machinethat performs one task again and

again.

参考译文：现在的机器 人不仅仅是一台能够重复同一任务的自动工具。

5. A modern robot is programmed with varyingdegrees of artificial intelligence

—

that

is, a robot

机器人

contains a computer program that tells it how to perform

tasksassociated with

…

humanintelligence, such as reasoning, drawing conclusions,

and learning from pastexperience.

参考译文：

现代机器人是用不同程度人工智能编程的，

也就是说，

机器人内置了一个计算机

程序，

能够指导机器人完成与人类智能 有关的任务，比如推理、得出结论，以及从过去的经

验中学习。

6.

A

robot

does

not

possess

a

human

shape

for

thesimple

reason

that

a

two-legged

robot has great difficulty remaining balanced.

< br>参考译文：机器人不具备人形的原因是，如果机器人有两条腿的话，保持平衡会很困难。

< br>

7. A robot does, however, move from place to placeon wheels and axles that roll and

rotate.

参考译文：机器人从 一个地方到另一个地方的移动主要依靠轮轴结构旋转来实现。

8. A robot even has limbs that swivel and move incombination with

…

joints

andmotors.

参考译文：有的机器人甚至还有能够通过接合点和发动机旋转和移动的四肢。

9. To find its way in its surroundings, a robotutilizes various built-in sensors.

参考译文：机器人依靠多种内置的感觉器来帮助寻找路径。

10. Ant

ennae attached to the robot?s base detectanything they bump

，撞

into.

参考译文：连接在机器人 底部的天线能够探测到机器人撞到的任何物体。

11. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on anincline, a gyroscope or a pendulum

inside it senses the vertical differential.

参考译文：

在斜坡上移动的时候，

如果机器人开始摇晃，

机器人内部的 陀螺仪和钟摆仪就会

探测到垂直方向的变化。

12. To determine its distance from an object andhow quickly it will reach the object,

the robot bounces beams of laser lightand ultrasonic sound waves off

…

obstructions

in its path.

参考译文 ：

机器人为了探测自己与其他物体的距离以及到达该物体的时间，

发射激光束和超

声波，

（激光束和超声波）遇到路上的障碍物 时会反射信号。

13. These and other sensors constantly feedinformation to the computer, which then

analyzes the information and corrects oradjusts the robot?s actions.

参考译文：

这些探 测器不断地向计算机提供信息，

计算机将这些信息进行分析，

从 而纠正或

调整机器人的进一步动作。

14. As science and technology advance, the robottoo will progress in

…

its functions

and use of artificial-intelligence programs

第五篇

A Record-Breaking Rover

NASA

?

s Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before

—

at

least in terms of distance. Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has

traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world.

On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-cart- sized Opportunity

had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder

—

a Soviet rover sent to

the moon in 1973.

“

This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about 1 kilometer

and was never designed for distance,

”

says John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover

Project Manager.

He works at NASA

?

s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

“

But what is

really importantly is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much

exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance.

”

OPPORTUNITY

The solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed on Mars 10 years ago on

a mission expected to last 3 months. The objective of the rovers was to help scientists

learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life

，

such as the possible presence

of water.

Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few months after it got stuck in

a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks.

During its mission, Opportunity has captured, and sent back to Earth, some 187,000

panoramic and microscopic images of Mars with its cameras. It has also provided

scientists with data on the planet

?

s atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.

MARATHON ROVER

The rover doesn

?

t seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it will

reach another major investigation site when its odometer hits 26.2 miles. Scientists call

this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled

the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.

Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Valley could hold clues to

Mars

?

s ancient environment1. Opportunity

?

s continuing travels will also help researchers

as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet.

A Record- Breaking Rover

参考译文：破纪录的漫游车

1. NASA

?

s Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before

—

at

least in terms of

…

distance.

参考译 文：

美国宇航局的火星漫游车

“

机遇号

”

到达了其他任何漫游车都没能到达的地方

——

至少从距离上来说是如此。

2. Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more

than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world.

参考译文：自

2004

年

“

机遇号

”

到达火星以来，它已经行驶了

25.01

英里 ，比任何外星漫游车

走的距离都长。

3. On July27, after

…

years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-cart-sized

Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder

—

a Soviet

rover sent to the moon in 1973.

参考译文：在火星上行驶数年之后，到

7

月