2009年考研英语阅读理解全文翻译.doc

2009

年考研英语阅读理解全文

.doc

Text1

Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains

on auto-

pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not

choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth sai

d in the

19th century. In the ever-

changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a

negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same

context as creativity and innovation.

习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动

运转的，轻松进 入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。

“这并非选择，而是习惯

控制了那些没有思想的人”

，这是威廉?华兹华斯（

Willi am Wordsworth

）

19

世

纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的

21

世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面

涵义。因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯 ，似乎显得有点矛盾。

But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop

new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells,

that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t

bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the

hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deli

berately

ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.

< br>但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了

平行路径 ，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。

但是，不必费心试 图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会

留在那里。相反，我们刻意培 养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。

“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says

Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change

consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to

‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She a

dds, however,

that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is

always exploring the many other possibilities.”

《开放思想》一书的作者

Dawna Markova

说：

“革新所需要的第一样东西，

就是一种对好 奇的着迷。然而我们被教导去做‘决定’

，就像我们的总裁称呼自

己为‘决策者’那样。

”她补充道，

“但是，决定意味着否决 一切可能性而只保

留一种。一个优秀的具有革新精神的思想者总是在探寻许多其它的可能 。

”

All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says.

Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to

approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally,

relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain

shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that

have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.

她说，我们都是通过一些 自己没有意识到的方法解决问题的。研究人员在

20

世纪

60

年代末发现人类天生主要用四种方法应对挑战。

< br>这四种方法是分析法，

程序法，关联（或合作）法和创新法。但是在青春期结束的 时候，大脑关闭一

半的能力，仅仅保留了那些大约在生命最开始的十几年时间里似乎是最 有价值

的思维方式。

The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and

procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and

collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American

belief system

—

that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the

2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a

lie that we have perp

etuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re

good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing

new habits comes in.

目前标准化测试主要强调分析和程序的能力，也就是说，我们中很少有人

会本能 地使用创新和合作的思维方式。

是

20 06

年出版的著作

《今年我

将

......

》一书的作者以及

Markova

女士的商业合作伙伴，她解释说：

“这打破了

< br>美国信念体系里的主要规则——任何人都可以做任何事。这是一个我们已经使

之永 恒的谎言，这造就了平庸。了解你擅长什么并且多去实践就会成就卓越。

”

这就是培养新习惯的目的。

Text 2

It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his

paternal (fatherly) wisdom

–

or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad

. All he

needs to do is shell our $$30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore

–

and another $$120 to get the than 60,000 people have purchased the

PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years,

according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the

over-the-counter kits.

再聪明的父亲也未必了解自己的孩子，但是如今男人可以提升 其为人之父

的智慧，至少可以确认他是孩子的父亲。他所要做的就是在当地药店里支付< /p>

30

美元买一个父子关系测试包（

PTK

）

，然后另支付

120

美元以获得该测试的各项

结果。

Doug Fogg

是

Identigene (

生产这种在药店可以出售的测试包的公司

)

的首

席运营官，他说，自从去年

PTK

不需要处方就能购买 以来，已经有超过

6

万人

购买了该产品 。

More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public ,

ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $$ the most

popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find

their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and

supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .

超过

24

家公司直接向公众出售

DNA

检测工具，

价格从几百美元到

2500

多

美元不等。其中最受欢迎的是父子和血缘关系检测，被收养的孩子可以利用它

找到自己的有血缘关系的亲属，

而家庭也可以用它来找到被人收养的 孩子。

DNA

检测也得到了许多热心的家谱学专家的推崇，还为 那些寻找家族地域根源的服

务公司提供了支持。

Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and

sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with

whom to compare DNA. But some observers are skeptica

l, “There is a kind of

false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,”

says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist.

多数 测试需要从口腔唾液中获取细胞，并将唾液送至公司进行检测。所有

的测试都需要一个潜 在的对照者，以便进行

DNA

对比。但是，一些观察家们持

怀疑态度。纽约大学的社会学家

Troy Duster