-
2018
届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
C
篇
One
【
2018
届上海市西南位育高三英语
上学期
10
月试题】
Section B Directions: Read the
following three passages. Each passage is followed
by several questions or unfini
shed
stateme nts. For each of them there are four
choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that
fits best
according to the information
given in the passage you have read.
(C)
The California Public Employees'
Retireme nt System (CalPERS) has positi oned
itself as the premier champion of
investor rights, regularly singling out
bad managers at some of the nation's largest
companies in its annual
corporate-
governance focus lists. And with $$153 billion
under management. Wall Street tends to listen when
CalPERS
speaks out. But the country's
largest pension fund has never taken on as big a
fish as it did Dec. 16, when it filed
a
class action against the New York Stock Excha nge
and seve n of its member firms. CalPERS' suit
charges the NYSE
and specialist firms
with fraud, alleging that the exchange skirted its
regulatory duties and allowed its members to
trade stocks at the expe nse of in
vestors.
The move is a major slap in
the face for the NYSE's recen tly appo in ted in
terim Chairma n John Reed. The
former
Citibank chairman and CEO came on board in
September after the excha nge's Ion gtime head,
Richard Grasso,
resig ned un der
pressure over public outrage about his excessive
compe nsati on.
Reed has been widely
criticized by CalPERS and other institutional
investors for not in cludi ng represe
ntatives of in vestors on the excha
nge's n ewly con stituted board and not clearly
separating the exchange's
regulatory
function from its day-to-day operations. The
CalPERS lawsuit is evide nee that the in vestme nt
com mun
ities' dissatisfacti on has n't
ebbed.
The suit alleges that seven
specialist firms profited by abusing and overusing
a series of tradi ng tactics.
The
tactics, which are n ot curre ntly illegal, i
nclude
two orders to capture a piece of
the price differential,
customers based
on con fide ntial in formati on obta ined by their
orders, and
that the firm can make
trades on its own acco unt first.
Many
of the suit's allegations are based on a
previously disclosed investigation of the excha
nge con ducted by
the Securities &
Excha nge Commissi on. Accord ing to the suit, the
October SEC report found
in the NYSE's
surveillanee and investigative procedures,
including a habit of ignoring repeat violations by
specialist firms.
The suit
highlights the growing frustration that
institutional investors have expressed with what
they perceive
as a system that needs to
be revamped -- if not eliminated. According to
California State Comptroller Steve Westley,
a CalPERS board member who participated
in the Dec. 16 press conference, he has repeatedly
called on the NYSE to end
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届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
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篇
its
use of specialist firms to facilitate trades and
move to a system of ope nly match ing of buyers
and sellers.
BLIND EYE?
world is using such a system. The time
is now for the NYSE to move into the 21st century
and remove the cloud that
there's self-
deali ng worki ng aga in st in
vestors.
62.
What
does the word a fish'
”
(Para. 1) probably refer to ?
A.
CalPERS.
nsion fun d.
C. Wall
Street. D. NYSE.
63.
The CalPERS lawsuit in dicates that
_
_____________
.
A.
the NYSE did
ignore its regulatory duties
B.
Joh n Reed
should resig n like his predecessor
C.
the in vestors
were dissatisfied with the NYSE
D.
the excha nge
should have its board reelected
64.
Which of the
followi ng stateme nts is Not true ?
A.
lnvestors were
not sufficiently represented on NYSE
'
B.
The seve n
specialist firms made profits by illegal
procedures.
C.
CalPERS
'
suit
against the NYSE resulted largely from a SEC
D. NYSE had ignored the firms
'
improper operati ons for a
long time
i ng to Westley, NYSE
'
s problem results from
.
reliance on
specialist firms
B. its
system of match ing traders
C. its automated excha nge
D. its violation of investors
'
in terest
best
title for the text may be ________________
A
.
Champion of investor rights
B
.
Seven
specialist firms
s board.
'
s
report.
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届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
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篇
C
.
CalPERS speaks
out to Wall Street
D
.
Lawsuits against NYSE
Keys
62-66 CBAA
Two
【
20
18
届上海市延安中学高三英语上学期
10
月试题】
Section B
Directions: Read
the following three passages. Each passage is
followed by several questions or unfini shed
stateme
nts. For each of them there are
four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one
that fits best according to the
information given in the passage you
have read.
(C)
Some of the
world
'
s most significant
problems never hit headlines. One example comes
from agriculture. Food
riots and hunger
make news. But the trend lying behind these
matters is rarely talked about. This is the decli
ne in
the growth in yields of some of
the world study by the University of Minnesota and
McGill University in Montreal
looks at
where, and how far, this decline is occurring.
The authors take a vast nu mber of data
points for the four most importa nt crops: rice,
wheat, corn and soya
beans. They find
that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested
areas, the improveme nt in yields that took place
before the 1980s slowed dow n in the
1990s and 2000s.
There are two worrying
features of the slowdown. One is that it has been
particularly sharp in the world
'
s
most
populo
人口多的
)countries, India
and China. Their ability to feed themselves has
been an important source of
relative
stability both within the countries and on world
food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be
taken for
granted if yields continue to
slow down or reverse.
Second, yield
growth has bee n lower in wheat and rice tha n in
corn and soybea ns. This is problematic because
wheat and rice are more important as
foods, accounting for around half of all calories
consumed. Corn and soya beans
are more
important as feed grains. The authors note that
“
we have prefere ntially
focused our crop improveme nt efforts on feedi ng
ani mals and cars rather than on
crops
that feed people and are the basis of food
security in much of the world.
The
report qualifies the more optimistic findings of
ano ther new paper which suggests that the world
will not
have to dig up a lot more land
for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in
2050, as the Food and Agriculture
Organization has argued.
Instead, it says, thanks to slowing
population growth, land currently ploughed up for
crops might be able to
3
s major crop
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届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
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篇
revert
（
回返
）
to
forest or wilderness. This could happen. The
trouble is that the forecast assumes continued
improvements in yields, which may not
actually happen.
63
．
What does the author try to draw
attention to?
A.
Food riots and hunger in the world.
B.
News headlines
in the leading media.
C.
The decline of the grain yield growth.
D.
The food
supply in populous countries.
64
．
Why does the author mention India and
China in particular?
A.
Their self -sufficiency is vital to the
stability of world food markets.
B.
Their food
yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent
years.
C.
Their
big populations are causing worldwide concerns.
D.
Their food
self -sufficiency has been taken for granted.
65
．
What does the new study by the two
universities say about recent crop improvement
efforts?
A.
They
fail to produce the same remarkable results as
before the 1980s.
B.
They contribute a lot to the
improvement of human food production.
C.
They play a
major role in guaranteeing the food security of
the world.
D.
They focus more on the increase of
animal feed than human food grains.
66
．
What does the Food and Agriculture
Organization say about world food production in
the coming decades?
A.
The growing population will greatly
increase the pressure on world food supplies.
B.
The optimistic
prediction about food production should be viewed
with caution.
C.
The slowdown of the growth in yields of
major food crops will be reversed.
D.
The world will
be able to feed its population without increasing
farmland.
67
．
How does the author view the argument
of the Food and Agriculture Organization?
A.
It is built on
the findings of a new study.
B.
It is based on
a doubtful assumption.
C.
It is backed by strong evidence.
D.
It is open to
further discussion.
Keys: 63-67
CADDB
4
2018
届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
C
篇
Three
【
2018
届上海市建平中学高三英语上学期
Section B
10
月试题】
Directions: Read the following three
passages. Each passage is followed by several
questions or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of
them there are four choices marked A,
B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best
according to the information given in the passage
you
have read.
(C)
Yang Yuanqing, Lenovo
'
s boss, hardly spoke a word of English
until he was about 40. But when Lenovo bought IBM
'
s
persooalputer
division in 2005 he decided to immerse himself in
En glish: he moved his family to North Caroli na,
hired a Ian guage
tutor and spe nt
hours watchi ng cable-TV n ews. He con ducted all
his bus in ess in En glish except for briefi ng
for the Chin ese
press.
Lenovo is one of a grow ing nu mber of
mult in ati on als from the non -An gloph one
world that have made En glish their official
la nguage. The fashi on bega n in
places with small populati ons but global
ambitions such as Singapore, which kept English as
its
lingua franca (
通用语
)when it left the British
empire n 1963, and Switzerland. Goran Lindahl, a
former boss of ABB, a Swiss-Swedish
engineering giant, once described its
official Ianguage as
“
poorEnglish
”
its
official language as
spread to the big
European countries: numerous
Germa n
and French mult in ati on als now use En glish in
board meeti ngs and official docume nts. Audi may
use a Germa n phrase
—
Vorspr ung durch Tech nik, or progress
through engin eeri ng
its
advertisements, but it is impossible to progress
through its management ranks without good English.
When Christoph Franz
became boss of
Lufthansa in 2011 he made English its official
Ianguage even though all but a handful of the
airline
50 smost senior
managers were
Germa n.
There are some obvious reas ons why
mult in ati onal compa nies want a lin gua fran
ca. Adopt ing En glish makes it easier to
recruit global stars (in clud ing board
members), reach global markets, assemble global
production teams and integrate foreign
acquisitions. Such steps are especially
important to companies in Japan, where the
population is shrinking.
There are less
obvious reasons too. Rakuten ' boss, Hiroshi
Mikitani, argues that English promotes free thi
nki ng because it is
“
poor
English. The practice
—
in
free from the status disti nctions
which characterise Japa nese and other Asia n Ian
guages. Anton ella Mei-Pochtler of the Bost on Con
sult ing Group no tes that Germa n
firms get through their bus in ess much faster in
En glish tha n in laborious Germa n. En glish can
provide a neutral Ianguage in a
merger(
合并而成的公司
):when Germany
'
Hoechst and
France
'
FSi?ne-Poulenc combined in
1999 to create Aventis, they decided it would be
run in
En glish, in part to avoid choos
ing betwee n their respective Ian guages.
Tsedal Neeley of Harvard Busin ess
School says that
“
En glish
ni sati on
”
，
a
word she borrows
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届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
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篇
from Mr Mikitani, can stir up a hornet
'nest
（
马蜂窝
）
of emotions. Slow learners lose their self-c
on fide nee, worry about their job
security.
Cliques
（
小团体
）
of the flue
nt and the non -flue nt can develop. So can
lawsuits: in 2004 workers at a French subsidiary
of GE took it to court for requiring
them to read internal documents in English; the
firm received a hefty fine. In all, a policy desig
ned to bring employees together can all
too easily have the opposite effect.
63.
Why does the
author mention Yang Y uanqing in the first para?
A.
C. To
illustrate a received opinion
To argue
aga inst a viewpoi nt
B. To in troduce
the topic
D. To raise a questi on
64.
Which of the
following is TRUE about Audi according to the
passage
？
A.
Germa n is
seldom used in its advertiseme nts.
B.
Most of its
senior man agers are based on Germa ny.
C.
Employees who
can
'
t speak English are
less likely to be promoted.
D.
I t is an auto
maker most famous for the tech no logy that it has
developed.
65.
Why do mult in ati onal compa nies
adopt En glish?
A.
E nglish makes it easier for them to go
global.
B.
En
glish is most widely used in adva need coun tries.
C.
En glish
bridges the gap betwee n man agers from differe nt
coun tries.
D.
En
glish helps them to dist in guish betwee n junior
and senior employees.
66.
Tsedal Neeley is most likely to argue
that
____________
.
A.
using English
as a company
'
s official
language may not achieve its intended purpose
B.
emotio nal an
xiety is very com mon in a compa ny before En
glish is officially used
C.
slow learners shouldn
'
t be punished in an-speashng company
D.
it is better
for internal documents to be written in English
Keys:
63-66 BCAA
Four
【
2018
届上海市浦东复旦
附中分校高三上学期
Section B
10
月试题】
Directions: Read the following three
passages. Each passage is followed by several
questions or unfinished statements. For each of
them
there are four choices marked A,
B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best
according to the information given in the passage
you have
read.
6
2018
届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
C
篇
（
C
）
Polls can provide important guidance
for politicians, but there are times when it is
foolish and dangerous to rely on a
temporarily misinformed public for a
political compass. The current debate over Social
Security provides one of the most compelling
examples in modern history of the
pitfalls of poll -driven political strategy.
Yesterday two leading Democratic
strategists publicly took their party to task for
their
President's program.
that want political leaders to secure
this very important retirement
program,
and new ideas, but Democrats
seem stuck in concrete.
Stuck, indeed.
To be more exact, they are holding their ground
and refusing to surrender to a president who is
once again
manufacturing a
Let's start with the facts. According
to the new President, Social Security can pay all
promised benefits for the next 37 years
without any changes at all. Even if
nothing were done by 2043, the program would still
pay a higher real benefit than what people
receive today.
And even
looking into the future of the 75-year planning
period, the shortfall is less than what we fixed
in the '50s, '60s, and
'80s. In other
words, Social Security is financially stronger
today than it has been throughout most of its
history.
So this attack on Social
Security has nothing to do with the solvency
（
偿付能力
）
of the program.
Nonetheless last week, a
Quinnipiac
University poll found that respondents, by a 49 to
42 percent margin, believed that Social Security
would not be able to pay
them a benefit
when they retire. But this is a ridiculous idea,
based completely on misinformation. It is even
more far fetched
（牵强
的）
than the notion, which also commanded a
majority before the invasion of Iraq,
that Saddam Hussein was responsible for
the massacre of 9/11.
In the case of
Social Security, there is no dispute about the
facts. There are just a few cheap verbal and
accounting tricks that
have been used
to convince the public that Social Security faces
serious problems. These are easily refuted.
The same Qui nn ipiac poll showed that
59 perce nt of America ns disapprove of the way
the preside nt is han dli ng Social
Security, with only 28 perce nt approvi
ng. It makes no political sense to pretend that
this attack on our nation's most successful and
popular government program is actually
an attempt to in sure its solve ncy. Eve n in
politics, there are times whe n hon esty is the
best policy.
63.
What can we know about the Democrats,
accord ing to the author?
A.
they want to help secure the retireme
nt program.
B.
they refuse to admit that the Social
Security program has bee n successful.
C.
they are
making efforts to solve the crisis of the Social
Security program.
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届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
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篇
D.
they orga nize
polls in order to gain political in terests.
64.
The author
raised the example of Saddam Husse in in order to
show that
___________________ .
A.
the in vasi on
of Iraq represe nted the wills of com mon people.
B.
no evide nee
had come up to prove the relati on ship betwee n
Saddam Husse in and the massacre of 9/11.
C.
sometimes the
public without proper in formati on will draw
foolish con clusi ons.
D.
it was wrong for the gover nment to
rely on the public for importa nt political decisi
ons.
65.
According to the author, which of the
following is correct?
A.
There is no point in worrying about the
solvency of the Social Security program.
B.
The majority
of the public will accept the Social Security
program in the n ear future.
C.
Only the baby
boomers should worry about the future days when
they grow old.
D.
The Democrats attack the Social
Security program in order to questi on its solve
ncy.
66.
By say
ing
_____________ .
A.
the Quinn
ipiac Uni versity who orga ni zed the poll.
B.
the present
administration who initiated the Social Security
program.
C.
the
ill -informed public who worried about their
future.
D.
those
Democrats who wan ted to gain political in terests
through this in cide nt.
Keys:
63---66 BCAD
Five
【
2018
届上海市复旦附中高三英语上学期
< br>
Section B
10
月试题】
Directions : Read the following three
passages. Each passage is followed by several
questions or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of
them there are four choices marked A,
B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best
according to the information given in the passage
you
have read.
(C)
While still catch in g-up to men in
some spheres of modern life, wome n appear to be
way ahead in at least one undesirable
category.
“
Womenare particularly susceptible to
developing depressi on and an xiety disorders in
response to stress compared to men,
chief psychiatrist at New York
' s Vetera n ' s Adm ini strati on
Hospital.
”
accord ing to
Dr. Yehu
Studies of both ani mals and
huma ns have show n that sex horm ones somehow
affect the stress response, causing females under
stress to produce more of the trigger
chemicals than do males under the same several of
the studies, when stressed -out
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届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
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篇
female rats had their ovaries (the
female reproductive orga ns) removed, their
chemical resp on ses became equal to those of the
males.
Addi ng to a woma n
itie
for stress.
s
t that they have so much
more to cope with, says Dr. Yehuda.
“
Theircapacity for tolerating stress may
even be greater than men' s,she observes,
things that they become worn out from
it more visibly and sooner.
Dr. Yehuda
notes another differenee between the sexes.
”
' s
in creased dose of stress chemicals, are her in
creased
“
opport un
wome n are exposed to tend to be in
more of a chronic or repeated n ature. Men go to
war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are
exposed to more acts of ran dom
physical viole nee. Dr. Yehuda notes another
differenee between the sexes.
“
Ithink that the kinds of
things that women are exposed to tend
to be in more of a chronic or repeated n ature.
Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress.
Men are exposed to more acts of ran dom
physical viole nee.
Adeline Alvarez
married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was
determined to finish college.
ahead and do better.
single mother.
”
Later, her marriage en ded and she
became a
payment, and pay
the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck .
”
Not every one
experie nces the kinds of severe chronic stresses
Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping
with a lot of
obligations, with few
breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez
'
experie nee dem on strates
the importa nee of finding ways to diffuse
stress before it threate ns your health
and your ability to function.
63.
Which of the
following is true according to the first two
paragraphs?
A.
Wome n are biologically more vuln
erable to stress.
B.
Wome n are still sufferi ng much stress
caused by men.
C.
Wome n are more experie need tha n men
in cop ing with stress.
D.
Men and wome n show differe nt in cli
nati ons whe n faced with stress.
64.
Accord ing to
Paragraph 4, the stress wome n confront tends to
be _________________
.
A.
domestic and
temporary.
B.
irregular and viole nt.
C.
durable and
freque nt.
D.
trivial and ran dom.
65.
The sentence
I Iiv6'd from paycheck to paycheck .
”
(Line 6, Para. 5) shows that
_
_____________________ .
A.
Alvarez cared
about nothing but making mon ey.
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届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
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篇
B.
Alvarez
'
s salary barely covered
her household expenses.
C.
Alvarez got paychecks from differe nt
jobs.
D.
Alvarez
paid practically everyth ing by check.
66.
Which of the
following would be the best title for the text?
A.
Strain of
Stress: No Way Out?
B.
Resp on ses to Stress: Gen der
Difference
C.
Stress An alysis: What Chemicals Say
D.
Gen der In
equality: Wome n Un der Stress
Keys:
63-66 ACBD
Six
【
20
18
届上海市交大附中高三英语上学期
Section B
10
月试题】
Directions: Read the following three
passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them
there are four choices marked A,B,C and
the one that fits best according to the
information given in the passage you have just
read.
(C)
rII
admit
「
ve never quite
understood the obsession
(
难以破除的成见
)
surrounding
genetically
modified (GM) environmentalist opponents,GM foods
are simply evil,an understudied,possibIy harmfuI
tooI used by
big agricuIturaI
businesses to controI gIobaI seed markets and
crush IocaI argue that GM foods have never
deIivered on
their supposed
promise,that money spent on GM crops wouId be
better channeIed to organic farming and that
consumers shouId be protected
with
warning IabeIs on any products that contain
geneticaIIy modified supporters,GM crops are a
key part of the effort
to sustainabIy
provide food to meet a growing gIobaI more than
that,supporters see the GM opposition of many
environmentaIists as fundamentaIIy
anti-science,no different than those who question
the basics of man-made cIimate change.
For both sides,GM foods seem to act as
a symboI: you're pro-agricuIturaI business or
science is exactIy what we
need more of
when it comes to GM foods,which is why I was happy
to see Nature devote a speciaI series of articIes
to the GM food
concIusion: whiIe GM
crops haven't yet reaIized their initiaI promise
and have been dominated by agricuIturaI
businesses,there is reason to continue
to use and deveIop them to heIp meet the enormous
chaIIenge of sustainabIy feeding a growing
pIanet.
That doesn't mean GM
crops are perfect,or a one -size-fits -aII
soIution to gIobaI agricuIture anything that can
increase farming efficiency
—
the amount of crops we can
produce
per acre of Iand
—
wiII be extremeIy crops
can and aImost certainIy wiII be part of that
suite of tooIs' but so wiII
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篇
traditionaI pIant breeding,improved
soiI and crop management
—
and
perhaps most important of aII,better storage and
transport
infrastructure
(
基础设施
)
,especiaIIy in the deveIoping worId.(It
doesn't do much good for farmers in pIaces Iike
sub -Saharan Africa
to produce more
food if they can't get it to hungry consumers.)
I'd Iike to see more non-industry research done on
GM crops
—
not just
because we'd worry Iess about bias,but
aIso because seed companies Iike Monsanto and
Pioneer shouIdn't be the onIy entities working to
harness genetic modification.I'd Iike
to see GM research on Iess commerciaI crops,Iike
com.I don't think it's vitaI to IabeI GM
ingredients in food,but I aIso wouIdn't
be against it
—
and industry
wouId be smart to
go aIong with
IabeIing,just as a way of removing fears about the
technoIogy.
11
2018
届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
C
篇
Most of all,though,l wish a tenth of
the en ergy that's spe nt en dlessly debat ing GM
crops was focused on those more press ing
challe nges for global are much bigger
battles to fight.
63.
How do environmen talist opp onents
view GM foods accord ing to the passage?
A.
They will
eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.
B.
They are used
by big bus in esses to mon opolize agriculture.
C.
They have
proved pote ntially harmful to con sumers' health.
D.
They pose a
treme ndous threat to curre nt farming practice.
64.
What does the
author say is vital to solving the controversy
between the two sides of the debate?
A.
t ing GM food
product ion.
Break ing the GM food mono
poly.
frien dly excha nge of ideas.
scie ntific research on GM crops.
65.
What is the
author's view on the solution to agricultural
problems?
A.
It
has to depe nd more and more on GM tech no logy.
B.
It is vital to
the susta in able developme nt of huma n society.
C.
GM crops
should be allowed un til better alter natives are
found.
D.
Whatever is useful to boost farming
efficie ncy should be en couraged.
66.
What does the
author think of the ongoing debate around GM
crops?
A.
It
arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against
new scienee.
B.
It distracts the public attention from
other key issues of the world.
C.
Efforts spe nt
on it should be turned to more urge nt issues of
agriculture.
D.
Neither side is likely to give in un
til more convincing evide nee is found.
Keys: 63-66 BDDC
Seven
【
2018
届上海市七宝中学高三英语上学期
Section B
10
月试题】
Directions: Read the following three
passages. Each passage is followed by several
questions or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of
them there are four choices marked A,
B, C and D. Chose the one that fits best according
to the information given in the passage you
have just read.
While still
catching up to men in some sphere of modern life,
women appear to be way ahead in at least one
undesirable category.
“
Women are particularly susceptible to
developing depression
(C)
12
2018
届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
C
篇
and
anxiety disorders in response to stress compared
to men,
”
according to Dr.
Yehuda, chief psychologist at New York's Veteran
'
s
Administration
Hospital.
Studies of both animals and
humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect
the stress response, causing females under stress
to produce more of the trigger
chemicals than do males under the same conditions.
In several of the studies, when stressed-out
female
rats had their ovaries (the
female reproductive organs) removed, their
chemical responses became equal to those of the
males.
Adding to a woman's increased
dose of stress chemicals, are her increased
“
opportunities
stress.
“
It's not
necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's
just that they have so much more to cope with,
”
says Dr.
Yehuda.
she observes,
“
Their capacity for
tolerating stress may even be greater than men's,
“
It's just that they're
dealing with so many more things that they become
worn out
”
“
I think that the kinds of
things that
from it more visibly and
sooner.
Dr. Yehuda notes another
difference between the sexes.
women are
exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic of
repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to
combat stress. Men are
exposed to more
acts of random physical violence. The kinds of
interpersonal violence that women are exposed to
tend to be in domestic
situations, by,
unfortunately, patents of other family members,
and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-
and-tear that occurs
from these longer
relationships can be quite devastating.
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave
birth to a son, but was determined to finish
college.
”
“
I struggled a lot to get
the college degree. I was living in so much
frustration that that was my escape to go to
school, and get
ahead and do better.
single mother:
”
Later her marriage ended and she became
a
“
It
'
s the hardest thing to take
care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay
the
car payment, and pay the debt. I
lived from paycheck to paycheck.
Not
everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic
stresses, Alvarez describes. But most women today
are coping with a lot of
obligations,
with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's
experience demonstrates the importance of finding
ways to diffuse
stress before it
threatens your health and your ability to
function.
63.
Which of the following is true
according to the first two paragraphs?
A.
Wome n are
biologically more vuln erable to stress.
B.
Wome n are
still sufferi ng much stress caused by men.
C.
Wome n are
more experie need tha n men in cop ing with
stress.
D.
Men
and wome n show differe nt in cli nati ons whe n
faced with stress.
64.
Dr. Yehuda's research suggests that
women
___________________ .
A.
n eed extra
doses of chemicals to han dle stress.
13
2018
届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
C
篇
B.
have limited
capacity for tolerat ing stress.
C.
are more
capable of avoidi ng stress.
D.
are exposed to
more stress.
65.
Accord ing to Paragraph 4, the stress
wome n confront tends to be
___________________
.
A.
domestic and
temporary.
B.
irregular and viole nt.
C.
durable and
freque nt.
D.
trivial and ran dom.
66.
Which of the
following would be the best title for the text?
A.
Strain of
Stress: No Way Out?
B.
Resp on ses to Stress: Gen der
Difference
C.
Stress An alysis: What Chemicals Say
D.
Gen der In
equality: Wome n Un der Stress
Keys:
63-66 ADCD
Eight
【
2018
届上海市华师大二附中高三英语上学期
Section B
10
月试题】
Directions: Read the following three
passages. Each passage is followed by several
questions or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of
them there are four choices marked A,
B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best
according to the information given in the passage
you
have read.
(C)
ILLEGAL copy ing and shari ng of
copyrighted material is hard eno ugh to stop with
in a coun try. But whe n the internet takes
traffic across borders it is almost
unman ageable. American -owned intellectual
property, say, may be uploaded in one country and
downloaded in a second, via a website
whose computers are in a third, operated by
anonymous enthusiasts (or criminals) from
goodness-
knows-where. So whom do you
sue, and in which courts? The Stop Online Piracy
Act (SOPA), now before America's Congress, is the
latest
of many recent attempts to
defend property rights on the internet.
The bill aims to cut off Americans'
access to foreign pirate websites by squeezing
intermediaries. Rights -holders, such as
Hollywood film studios, will be able to
request that a credit-card firm or advertising
network stop doing business with a foreign site;
or ask a search engine to take down
links to the site; or ask an internet -service
provider to block the site's domain name, making
it
harder to reach. The intermediary
then has just five days to comply or rebut the
complaint; after that the rights -holder can go to
court.
14
2018
届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
C
篇
This would rope intermediaries into law
enforcement to an unprecedented degree, and give
rights-holders exceptional power.
Critics of the bill say that takedown
requests and court orders will swamp smaller firms
and start -ups. They say that blocking entire
websites via their domain name smacks
of censorship, and that determined downloaders
will anyway find the block easy to bypass.
Two mighty coalitions have formed
around SOPA. Supporting the bill are not only film
studios and music labels, but also drug
firms and other manufacturers. Though
SOPA itself does not affect them, they have a big
interest in fighting any kind of intellectual
-
property infringement. On the other
side are internet companies, technology investors
and digital activists, who share an interest in
disrupting business models and a
dislike for anything that smacks of old -fashioned
regulation.
But the real row is about
how content should be distributed and paid for.
The bill's supporters want this to change as
slowly as
possible, so they have time
to adapt. Opponents want to see more rapid changes
in business models to speed up overdue innovation:
cheaper pricing in poor countries, more
use of on -demand digital services, less
exclusivity in distribution, and ultimately, less
reliance on selling albums and DVDs.
Yet self -interest is at work on both sides: many
of the bill's critics are trying to create just
these kinds of business.
63.
Why is it
hard to stop or manage online piracy?
A.
There are not
enough executive organizations.
B.
The congress
doesn't pay attention to this problem.
C.
It is
difficult to identic the offenders.
court can deal with the cases.
64.
________________________
____________________________
We can
infer from paragraph 2 that the bill
.
A.
Will prohibit
advertis ing n etwork from doing bus in ess with
foreig n sites.
B.
ls desig ned to make in termediaries un
readable by block ing their doma in n ames.
C.
Will require a
search engine to cut off links to an intermediary.
D.
lntends to
fight aga inst on li ne in tellectual property
infrin geme nt.
et compa ni es, tech no
logy in vestors and digital activists would most
probably agree that
.
A.
people should
oppose illegal copying and sharing of copyrighted
material.
B.
people should cha nge bus in ess patter
ns and discard those ancient rules.
C.
people should
pay their attention to the bill and try their best
to support it.
D.
they may ignore the bill for it's
irreleva nt to their in terests and ben efits.
kinds of perspectives toward the cha
nge are men ti oned in order to
_________________
.
A.
emphasize mat
on e's own ben efit affects on e's attitude.
B.
i ndicate that
people always have differe nt opinions.
15
2018
届上海市各大名校高三英语试题汇编：阅读理解
C
篇
C.
provide the
readers with more in formatio n about the two
sides.
D.
show
the opport un ity of fighti ng aga in st on li ne
piracy.
Keys: 63-66 C DBA
Ni
ne
【
2018
届上海中学高三英语上
学期
Section B
10
月试题】
Directions: Read the following three
passages. Each passage is followed by several
questions or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of
them there are four choices marked A,
B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best
according to the information given in the passage
you
have read.
(C)
The study of psychology is facing a
crisis. The Research Excellenee Framework (the
Ref) has led to a research culture which
is holding back attempts to stabilize
psychology in particular, and science in general.
The Ref encourages universities to push for
groundbreaking inno vative, and excit
ing research in the form of 4* papers, but it does
not reward the efforts of those who replicate
studies.
The point of
replicating a study is to test whether a
statistically significant result will appear again
if the experiments is
repeated. Of
course, a similar result may not appear
—
casting into
questi ons the validity of the results from the
first experime nt.
Last year, the Open
Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100
studies from highly
ranked
psychological journalists. While 97% of the
original studies had a statistically significant
result, just 36% of the
replications
had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an
effect did appear, it was often much smaller tha n
previously thought.
Recent data calls
into questi on some widely in flue ntial findings
in psychological scie nee.
These
problems are not confined to psychology however
literature may actually be false.
Scie nee is supposed to be self-correct
ing and reproducibility is a corn erst one of the
scie ntific method. Yet, we simply aren
—
many findings
published in scie ntific
'
t
in vested in replicati ng findin gs. We all want
to be good researchers
and understand
more about how the world works. So why are we so
reluctant to check our con clusi ons are valid?
Because no incen tive is provided by
the system we carry out our research in. In the
UK, the
Ref ranks the published works
of researchers accord ing to their origi nality
(how inno vative is the research?), significanee
(does it
have practical or commercial
importanee?), and rigour (is the research tech
nically right?). Outputs are the n awarded one to
four
stars. 4* papers are con sidered
world -leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4*
papers determines research funding allocation and
has a knock-on effect on institutional
position in league tables
(
排名表
)and therefore
attractive ness to stude nts. Obviously, the
more publicati ons the better.
16
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