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词类转换
在英译汉
过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不
同而无法“一个
萝卜一个坑”，原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，汉语译文才
通顺、自然。有
4
种情况：
一、转译成动词
（一）
名词转动词
1
．
动词派生的名词转译成动词，在政论文体中使用较多。
2
．含有动作意思的名词转译成动词
，在记叙文和描述性文体中使用较多。
1
）
He had a
plan
to
study abroad.
2
）
A
look
at his
photos reminded me of our school days.
3.
英语中有些加后缀的名词，
有时
并不总是指其身份和职业，
而是含有较强的动作
意味。在汉语中
没有对应的名词时，往往译成动词。
1
）
I’m afraid I can’t teach you
swimming
. I think my brother
is a better teacher than I.
2
）
He is a very
good
story-teller
.
3
）
He is a
lover
of
Chinese painting.
4
）
Some of you in your class are good
singers.
4.
作为习语主体
的名词往往可以转译成动词。
1
）
Shall we
have a rest
?
2
）
Let
me
have a try
.
3
）
He
made no mention of
his
resignation.
(
二
)
介词转动词
1
）
The Red Army men struggled
ahead,
across
the snow
mountains and
through
the
marshes.
2
）
Jiao Yulu worked long hours,
on
meager food,
in
cold hut,
by
dim lamp.
3
．
She skimmed
over the lawn,
up
the path,
up
the steps,
across
the veranda and
into
the
porch.
（三）
形容词转译成动词
1)The doctors said that they are
not
sure
they can save his
life.
2) Is he
able
to do it?
3) I have to be
cautious
.
4) She was always
confident
.
（四）
副词转译成动词
1
）
As he ran out, he forgot to have his
shoes
on.
2
）
The sports meet was
over
, and we went back to our normal
study.
3
）
Is he
up
yet?
4
）
Please open the window to
let fresh air
in
.
二、转译成名词
（一）
英语中很多名词派生的动词或由名词转用的动词，
在汉语中往往不易找到
合适的动词，这时可以转译
成名词。
1
．
名词派生的动词
1
) Formality
has
always
characterized
their
relationship.
2) To them, he
personified
the absolute
power.
2
．
名词转用的动词
1
）
Most U.S. spy satellites are
designed
to burn
up in the earth’s atmosphere after
completing their missions.
2
）
The navy is now
positioned
to safeguard both
the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.
（二）
英语被动句式，可译成“受到
/
遭到
---+
名词”或“予以
/
加以
---+
名词”结<
/p>
构。
1
）
Edgar Snow
was
mistreated
by the American press and
officialdom,
victimized
for
his pro-China views.
2
）
His image as a good student was badly
tarnished
.
3
）
The invasion of
another independent country must be
stopped.
（三）
形容词转译成名词
英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示一类人，汉译为名词。
1
）
Do not look down upon
the
poor.
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