-
Chapter1Introduction
·
WhatistheEnglishStylistics
？
Itisasciencethatdealswithth
eres
earchforawidevarietyofthestylesofw<
/p>
rittenandoralEnglishinEnglishlangu
age.
·
Whatarelanguagefunctions?
a)Todeliversomeinfortootherpeople
b)Tocommunicatewitheachotherinsoci
ety
·
Howdoweexpressourselve
sinaproper
way?
Severalfactorsdowork.
a)
Phonetics
b)
Vocabulary
c)
Grammar
d)
Someknowledgec
oncerningEngli
shstylistics
·
?
Fourexamples:
a)“Hello”and“Hi”
b)“Assistme!Assistme!”and“Aid!A
id!”
c)“That’sallright.”“That’stos
ay.”“It’..”
d)Seenextpage
d)“
Iamterriblysorrytohearthatyour
husbandha
sjustdied,butdon’’reana
ttractive,’mpret
tysureitisveryeas
yforyoutofindsomeoneel
sesoon.”
·
Theeffe
ctsoflanguageexpressionsa
resometimesrel
atedtosomenon-lingui
sticfactors.
a)Sex------
“Oh,myGod!”
b)Age------
“Cheers!”and“Bye<
/p>
forn
ow.”
c)Vocation------
“Watchthebirdie.
”
d)Receivededucation-
-----
“.”
e)Social
station------
“Whatprompte
dyo
utoapplyforthisjob?”
·
WhyshouldwelearnandstudyEnglishs
ty
listics?
a)Itwillhelpustoexpressourselv
esin
Englishproperly.
b)Itwil
lhelpustoknowsomethingabout
languagefeat
uresofavarietyofEnglis
hwrittenstyles. <
/p>
c)Itwillhelpustoselectaproperwayfo
rgettingthebestlanguageeffectsanda
ttainingourcommunicativepurposes.
d)Itw
illhelpustogoatliterarycritic
ism.
e)Itwillhelpustodothetranslationwo
rkwell.
Chapter2LanguageDescription&St
ylis
ticAnalysis
·
Thereare4phoneticmeansinEnglish:
1)stress2)Intonation3)pause4)voice
quality.
·
Stresshasseveralap
parentstylisti
candgrammaticalfunctions.
(1)Thefirstfunctionisforemphasis.
(2)Thesecondfunctionistochangethem
eaningorthepartofspeechofsomewords
,orb
oth.
(3)ThethirdfunctionistodiffersomeE
nglishwords
(4)Thefourthfunc
tionistoshowsomeon
e’ssurprise,anger,fea
r,doubt,plea
sure,etc..
·
Intonationcanbeemployedtoexpress
people’shappiness,sadness,certain
ty,hes
itation,depression,:
(1)Thefallingpitch
isusedtoshowthem
eaningofdefiniteness,ce
rtaintyandc
ompleteness.
(2)T
herisingpitchisemployedtoshowt
hemeaning
ofindefiniteness,uncertai
ntyandincomple
teness.
(3)Thefall-risepitchisusedtogiv
epe
oplesomeencouragementorgivepeoplea
warning.
(4)Therise-fallpitchi
semployedtogi
vepeopleasincerepraiseorto
showthef
eelingofshock.
(5)Th
elevelpitchisusedtogiveaccoun
tonsomethi
nghappenedinthepast.
·
Pausecanbedividedintotwo.
a)voicedpauseb)silentpause
·
Someusefulrhetoricaldevices
Chapter3OralStyleandWrittenStyle
·
Severaloccasionsforusingoralstyl<
/p>
e:
·
Thedifferencesb
etweenoralcommuni
cationandwrittencommun
ication
(bodylanguage)inoralcommunication
·
The
comparisonoflanguagestylesino
ralstylean
dinwrittenstyle
·
Whatcanbeus
edwithoralstyle?
1)slangs2)v
oguewords3)abbreviation
s4)phrasalverbs5
)idioms
·
Whatcanbeusedwithwr
ittenstyle?
1)ScientificEnglish2)LegalE
nglish3
)ReligiousEnglish4)Formalspeech5
)O
fficialdocuments
Chapter4FormalStyle&InformalStyle
·
FivestyleswereadvancedbyMartinJo
osinthebook“TheFiveClocks”
<
/p>
1)FrozenStyle:legalitems,historicl
iterature,thedocumentsforinternati
onalconferences,etc.
2)Forma
lStyle:Thisstyleisusuallyus
edtodelivers
omeinforonformaloccasi
ons.
3)ConsultativeStyle:.
4)CasualStyle:Peopleusuallyuseitbe
tweenfriends,acquaintances,,slangs
orcan
tswithit.
5)IntimateStyle:.
Chapter6SocietalDeviationinEnglish
·
WhatissocietaldeviationinEnglis
h?
Societaldeviationissomethingabo
utsocietaldialects.
·
B
lackEnglishVernacular:(
土
语
)urbanblackEnglish
·
WhatarethereasonsforyoutoknowBla
ckEngli
shVernacular?
(1)Itwillhelp
ustoknowthestat
usqueofAE.(2)Itwillhelpt
orea
dsomenovelsinAmericanliterat
ure.
Chapter7TimeDeviationinEnglish
< br>·
ThreestagesofthedevelopmentofEng
lishlanguage
1)The1ststageisfro
m449to1100(OldEn
glish).
,-ode,or-
deaftertheoriginalweak
verbs.)
2)The2ndstageisfrom1100to1500(Midd
leE
nglish).
(Att
hattime“hw”inOl
dEnglishbecam
e“wh”and“cw”became“qu”.)
3)The3rdstageisfrom1500topres
entti
me(ModernEnglish).
(The
rearetworemarkablefeaturesinMo
dernEngli
sh.)
(1)fromFrench/fromLatin/from
Chinese.
(2)Therearesomeneologisms
(
新
词
)inModernEngli
sh.
·
TheapplicationofEnglish
archaicwo
rds
（过时的词）
inmoderntimes
1)InlegalEnglish2)Inreli
giousEngli
sh3)InEnglishpoetry4)Innewspa
pers
·
Whyusearchaicwordsinmo
derntimes?
formal/rhyme/show-off
Chapter8CommonPracticalStyles
·
ThreefunctionsofEnglishadvertise
ments
1)toattractreaders
< br>’
attention2)toa
rosecustom
erinterest3)toergecustom
ertotakeactions
assoonaspossible.
·
Somefeatu
resofEnglishadvertiseme
nts
(1)Moresimplesentences
(2)Lessnegativesentences------Ifpe
oplereallywanttoexpressthenegative
meaninginadvertisements,theymayuse
“not
hing”or“no”insteadof“not
”.
(3)Frequentuseofpresenttense
(4)Moreandmoreimperativesentences