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联合国国际货物销售合同公约
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联合国国际货物销售合同公约
(United Nations
Convention on Contracts
for
the International Sale of Goods (1980) )
Preamble
The
States
Parties
to
this
Convention
Bearing
in
Mind
the
broad
objectives
in
the
resolutions
adopted
by
the
sixth
special
session
of
the
General
Assembly
of
the
United
Nations
on
the
establishment
of
a
New
International
Economic
Order.
Considering
that
the
development
of
international
trade
on
the
basis
of
equality
and
mutual
benefit
is
an
important
element
in
promoting
friendly
relations
among
States,
Being
of
the
Opinion
that
the
adoption
of
uniform
rules which govern
contracts for the international sale of goods and
take into account the different
social,
economic
and
legal
systems
would
contribute
to
the
removal
of
legal
barriers
in
international trade and
promote the development of international trade,
have decreed as follows:
本公约个缔约国
:
铭记联合国大会第六界特别会议通过的关于建立新的国际经济次序的各
项决议的
广泛目标
,
考虑到在平等互利基础上发展国际贸易
,
是促进各国间友好关系的一
个重要因素
,
认为采用照顾到不同的社会
,
经济和法律制度的国际货物销售合同统一规
则，将有助于减少国际贸易的法律障碍
,
促进国际贸易的发展
.
兹协议如下
.
PART I
Sphere of Application and General
Provisions
Chapter I
Sphere of Application
Article 1
(1) This Convention applies to
contracts of sale of goods between parties whose
places of business
are
in
different
States:
(
本公约适用于营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物
销售合
同，
)
(a) when the States are
Contracting States; or (
如果这些国家是缔约国
,
或
)
(b) when the rules of private
international law lead to the application of the
law of a Contracting
State. (
如果国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国的法律，
)
(2) The fact
that the parties have their places of business in
different States is to be disregarded
whenever this fact does not appear
either from the contract or from any dealings
between, or from
information disclosed
by, the parties at any time before or at the
conclusion of the contract. (
当事
人营业地在不同国家的事实，如果从合同或从订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时
,
当事人
之间的任何交易或当事人透
露的情报均看不出
,
应不予考虑
)
(3) Neither the nationality
of the parties nor the civil or commercial
character of the parties or of
the
contract is to be taken into consideration in
determining the application of this Convention.
(
在确定本公约的适用时
,
当事人的国籍和当事人或合同的民事或商业性质，
应不予考虑
)
Article 2
This
Convention does not apply to sales: (
本公约不适用以下的销售
)
(a) of goods bought for
personal, family or household use, unless the
seller, at any time before or
at
the
conclusion
of
the
contract,
neither
knew
nor
ought
to
have
known
that
the
goods
were
bought
for any such use; (
购供私人
,
家人或家庭使用的货物销售
,
除非卖方再订立合同前
任何时候或
订立合同时不知道而且没有理由知道这些货物是购供任何这种使用
)
(b) by
auction; (
经由拍卖销售的
)
(c) on
execution or otherwise by authority of law; (
根据法律执行令状或其他领状的销售
)
(d) of stocks, shares, investment
securities, negotiable
（可通过谈判解决的）
instruments
（手
段）
or money;(
公债，股票，投资证券
,
流通票据或是货币的销售
)
(e) of ships, vessels
（船只）
, hovercraft
（水翼船）
or
aircraft;(
船舶
船只，气垫船或是飞
机的销售
)
(f) of
electricity. (
电力的销售
)
Article 3
(1) Contracts for the
supply of goods to be manufactured or produced are
to be considered sales
unless
the
party
who
orders
the
goods
undertakes
to
supply
a
substantial
part
of
the
materials
necessary for such manufacture or
production.(
供应
尚待制造或生产的货物的合同应视为销
售合同
,
除非订购货物的当事人保证供应这种制造或生产所需的大部
分重要材料
.)
(2) This Convention does not apply to
contracts in which the preponderant(
优势的
) part of the
obligations of the party
（当事人）
who
furnishes the goods consists in the supply of
labour or
other
services.( <
/p>
本公约不适用于供应货物一方的绝大部分义务在于供应劳力或其它服务的
< br>合同
)
Article 4
This Convention governs
only the formation
（形成）
of the contract of sale and the rights
and
obligations of the seller and the
buyer arising from
（产生）
such a contract. In particular, except
as otherwise expressly
（明确地）
provided in
this Convention, it is not concerned with: (
本公
约只适用于销售合同的订立和卖方和买方因此种合同而产生的权利和义
务
.
特别是本公约
除非另有明文规定
,
与以下事项无关
:)
(a) the
validity
（效力）
of
the contract or of any of its provisions
（供应）
or of any
usage;(
合
同的效力，或其任何条款的效力，或任何惯
例的效力
)
(b) the effect which the contract may
have on the property in the goods sold.
（合同对所销售物
所有权可能产生的影响。
）
Article 5
This Convention does not apply to the
liability
（责任、
义务）
of the seller for death or personal
injury caused by the goods to any
person.
（本公约不适用于卖方对于货物对任何人所造成得
死亡或伤害的责任）
Article 6
The
parties may exclude the application of this
Convention or, subject to article 12, derogate
（背
离）
from or vary the effect of any of its
provisions.
（双方当事人可以不适用本公约，或在第
十二条的条件下，减损本公约德任何规定或改变其效力。
）
Chapter II
General Provisions
Article 7
(1) In
the interpretation of this Convention, regard is
to be had to its international character and to
the need to promote uniformity in its
application and the observance of good faith in
international
trade.
（在解释本公约
时，应考虑到本公约的国际性质和促进其适用的统一以及在国际贸易
上遵守诚信的需要。
）
(2)
Questions concerning matters governed by this
Convention which are not expressly settled in it
are to be settled in conformity with
the general principles on which it is based or, in
the absence of
such principles, in
conformity with the law applicable by virtue of
the rules of private international
law.
（凡本公约未明确解决的属于本公约范围的问题，应按照本公约所依据的一般原则来
解决，在没有一般原则的情况下，则应按照国际私法规定适用的法律来解决。
）
Article 8
(1) For the purposes of this Convention
statements made by and other conduct of a party
are to be
interpreted
according
to
his
intent
where
the
other
party
knew
or
could
not
have
been
unaware
what that intent was.
（本公约的目
的，一方当事人所作的声明和其它行为，应依照他的意旨
解释）
(2) If the preceding
paragraph is not applicable, statements made by
and other conduct of a party
are to be
interpreted according to the understanding that a
reasonable person of the same kind as
the other party would have had in the
same circumstances.
（如果上一款的规定不适用，
当事人
所作的声明和其它行为，
应按照一个与另一方
当事人同等资格、
通情达理的人处于相同情况
中，应有的理解来
解释）
(3) In
determining the intent of a party or the
understanding a reasonable person would have had,
due consideration is to be given to all
relevant circumstances of the case including the
negotiations,
any practices which the
parties have established between themselves,
usages and any subsequent
（后来的，
并发的）
conduct of the parties.
（在确定
一方当事人的意旨或一个通情达理的人
应有的理解时，
应适当的
考虑到与事实有关的一切情况，
包括谈判情形、
当事人之间确立
的
任何习惯作法、惯例和当事人其后的任何行为。
）
Article 9
(1) The parties are bound
（限制）
by any usage
to which they have agreed and by any practices
which they have established between
themselves.
（双方当事人业已统一的人和惯例和他们之
< br>间确立的任何习惯作法，对双方当事人均有约束力。
）
(2) The parties are
considered, unless otherwise agreed, to have
impliedly made applicable to their
contract or its formation a usage of
which the parties knew or ought to have known and
which in
international trade is widely
known to, and regularly observed by, parties to
contracts of the type
involved in the
particular trade concerned.
（除非另有协议，双方当
事人应视为已默示地同意
对他们的合同或合同的订立适用双方当事人已知道或理应知道的
惯例，
而这种惯例，
在国际
贸易上，已
为有关贸易所涉同类合同的当事人所广泛知道并为他们所经常遵守。
）
< br>
Article 10
For the purposes of this Convention:
（为本公约的目的）
(a)
if
a
party
has
more
than
one
place
of
business,
the
place
of
business
is
that
which
has
the
closest
relationship to the contract and its performance,
having regard to the circumstances known
to or contemplated by the parties at
any time before or at the conclusion of the
contract;
（如果当
事人有一个以上的营业地，
则以合同约定的履行关系最密切的营业地为其营业地，
但要考虑
双方当事人在定立合同前任何时候或订立合同时所知道或所设想的情况；
）
(b) if a
party does not have a place of business,
（营业地）
reference
is to be made to his habitual
residence. (
习惯住所地
)
（如果当事人没有营业地，则以其惯常居所地为准）
Article 11
A contract of sale need not be
concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not
subject to any other
requirement as to
form. It may be proved by any means, including
witnesses.
（销售合同无须以
书面订立或书面证明
，
在形式方面不受其他条件的限制。
销售合同可以用包括证人在
内的任
何方法证明）
Article 12
Any
provision of article 11, article 29 or Part II of
this Convention that allows a contract of sale or
its modification
（变更）
or
termination
（终止）
by agreement or any offer, acceptance
or other
indication
of
intention
to
be
made
in
any
form
other
than
in
writing
does
not
apply
where
any
party has his place of business in a
Contracting State which has made a declaration
under article
96 of this Convention.
The parties may not derogate
（
毁损）
from or vary the effect or this
article.
（本公约第十一条、
第十二条或第二部分准
许销售合同或其更改或根据协议终止，
或者任何
发价、
接受或其他意旨表示得以任何形式作出的任何规定不适用，
如果任何一方
当事人的营
业地是在已按照本公约第九十六条作出了一个声明的一个缔约国内，
个当事人不得减损本条
或改变其效力）
Article 13
For the purposes of this Convention
（电报）
.
（为本公
约的目的，
“
书面
”
包括带难保和电传）
PART II
Formation of the Contract
Article 14
(1) A
proposal for concluding a contract addressed to
one or more specific persons constitutes an
offer if it is sufficiently definite
and indicates the intention of the offeror to be
bound in case of
acceptance. A proposal
is sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods
and expressly or implicitly
fixes or
makes provision for determining the quantity and
the price.
（向一个或一个以上特定的
人提出的订
立合同的建议，
如果十分确定并且表明发价人在得到接受时承受约束的意旨，
即
构成发价。
一个建议如果写明货物并且明示或暗
示地规定数量和价格或规定如何确定数量和
价格，即为十分确定。
）
(2) A
proposal other than one addressed to one or more
specific persons is to be considered merely
as an invitation
（邀请）
to make
offers, unless the contrary is clearly indicated
by the person
making the proposal.
（
非向一个或一个以上特定的人提出
的建议，
仅应视为邀请做出发价，
除非提出建议的人明确地表示
相反的意向。
）
Article 15
(1)
An offer becomes effective when it reaches the
offeree.
（发价于送达被发价人时生效。
）
(2)
An
offer,
even
if
it
is
irrevocable
（不能取消的）
,
may
be
withdrawn
if
the
withdrawal
reaches the offeree before or at the
same time as the offer.
（一项发价，即使是不可撤销的，
得
予撤回，如果撤回通知于发价送达被发价人之前或同时，送达发价人。
）
Article 16
(1) Until a contract is
concluded an offer may be revoked
（无效）
if the
revocation
（撤回）
reaches the offeree before he has
dispatched
（发出）
an acceptance.
（在未订立合同之前，发
价得予撤销，如果撤销通知于被发价人发出接受通知之前送达被发价人。
）
(2) However,
an offer cannot be revoked:
（但在下列情况下，发价不得撤销：
）
(a) if it indicates,
whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or
otherwise, that it is irrevocable;
or <
/p>
（发价写明接受发价的期限或以其它方式表示发价是不可撤销的；或）
(b) if it was reasonable
for the offeree to rely on the offer as being
irrevocable and the offeree has
acted
in reliance
（相信）
on the offer.
（被发价人有理由信赖该项发价
是不可撤销的，而且
被发价人已本着对该项发价的信赖行事。
）
Article 17
An offer, even if it is
irrevocable, is terminated
（
终止）
when a rejection reaches the offeror. <
/p>
（
一
项发价，即使是不可撤销的，予拒绝
通知送达发价人时终止。
）
Article 18
(1) A
statement made by or other conduct of the offeree
indicating assent
（
同意）
to an offer is an
acceptance. Silence or inactivity does
not in itself amount to acceptance.
（被发价人声明或做出
其它行为表示同意一项发价，即是接受。
）
(2) An acceptance of an
offer becomes effective at the moment the
indication of assent reaches the
offeror. An acceptance is not effective
if the indication of assent does not reach the
offeror within
the time he has fixed
or, if no time is fixed, within a reasonable time,
due account being taken of
the
circumstances
of
the
transaction
（交易）
,
including
the
rapidity
of
the
means
of
communication employed by the offeror.
An oral offer must be accepted immediately unless
the
circumstances indicate otherwise. <
/p>
（接受发价于表示同意的通知送达发价人时生效。
如果表示
同意的通知在发价人所规定的时间内，
如为规定时间，
在一段合理的时间内，
未曾送达发价
人，
接受就成为无效，
但需要适当的考虑到交易的情况，
包括发价人所使用的通讯方法的迅
速程度。对口头发价必须立即接受，但情况有别者不在
此限。
）
(3) However, if, by virtue of
（由于）
the offer or
as a result of practices which the parties have
established between themselves or of
usage, the offeree may indicate assent by
performing an act,
such as one relating
to the dispatch
（发送）
of the goods or payment of the price,
without notice
to the offeror, the
acceptance is effective at the moment the act is
performed, provided that the act
is
performed within the period of time laid down
（规定）
in the
preceding paragraph.
（但是，
如果根
据该项发价或依照当事人之间确立的习惯作法或惯例，被发价人可以做出某种行为，
例如
与发运货物或支付价款有关的行为，
来表示同意，
而无需向发价
人发出通知，
则接受于
该项行为做出时生效，但该项行为必须在
上一款所规定的期间内做出。
）
Article 19
(1)
A
reply
to
an
offer
which
purports
（主旨）
to
be
an
acceptance
but
contains
additions,
limitations or other modifications is a
rejection of the offer and constitutes a counter-
offer.
（对发
价表示接受但载有添加、限制或其它更改
的答复，即委拒绝该项发价，并构成还价。
）
(2)
However, a reply to an offer which purports to be
an acceptance but contains additional or
different
terms
which
do
not
materially
alter
the
terms
of
the
offer
constitutes
an
acceptance,
unless
the
offeror,
without
undue
（不适当的）
delay,
objects
orally
to
the
discrepancy
or
dispatches a notice to
that effect. If he does not so object, the terms
of the contract are the terms
（条款）
of the offer
with the modifications contained in the
acceptance.
（但是，
对发价表示
接受但载有添加或不同条件的答复，
如所载的添加或
不同条件在实质上并不变更该项发价的
条件，除发价人在不过分迟延的期间内以口头或书
面通知反对其间的差异外，仍构成接受。
如果发价人不做出这种反对，
< br>合同的条件就以该项发价的条件以及接受通知内所载的更改为
准。
）
(3)
Additional or different terms relating, among
other things, to the price, payment, quality and
quantity of the goods, place and time
of delivery, extent of one party's liability
（责任，
义务）
to
the other or the
settlement of disputes are considered to alter the
terms of the offer materially
（本
质上）
.
（有关货物价格、付款、货物质量和数量、交付地点和时间
、一方当事人对另一
方当事人的赔偿责任范围或解决争端等等的添加或不同条件，均视为
实质上变更发价的条
件。
）
Article 20
(1) A period of time for acceptance
fixed by the offeror in a telegram or a letter
begins to run from
the moment the
telegram is handed in for dispatch or from the
date shown on the letter or, if no
such
date is shown, from the date shown on the
envelope. A period of time for acceptance fixed by
the offeror by telephone, telex or
other means of instantaneous
（
即时的）
communication, begins
to run
from the moment that the offer reaches the
offeree.
（发价人在电报或信件内规定的接受
期间，
从电报交发时刻或信上的载明的发信日期起算，
如信上未载明发
信日期，
则从信封上
所载日期起算。
发价人以电话、
电传或其它快速通讯
方法规定的接受期间，
从发价送达被发
价人时起算。
）
(2)
Official holidays or non-business days occurring
during the period for acceptance are included
in calculating the period. However, if
a notice of acceptance cannot be delivered at the
address of
the
offeror
on
the
last
day
of
the
period
because
that
day
falls
on
an
official
holiday
or
a
non-business
day
at
the
place
of
business
of
the
offeror,
the
period
is
extended
until
the
first
business day which follows.
（
在计算接受期间时，接受期间内的
正式假日或非营业日应计
算在内。
但是，
如果接受通知在接受期间的最后１天未能送到发价人地址，
因为那天在发价
人营业地是正式假日或非营业日，则接受期间应顺延至下一个营业日。
Article 21
(1) A late acceptance is nevertheless
effective as an acceptance if without delay the
offeror orally
so informs
（告知）
the offeree
or dispatches a notice to that effect.
（
逾期接受仍有接受的效
力，如果发价人毫不迟延地用口头或书面将此种意见通知被发价人。
(2)
If
a
letter
or
other
writing
containing
a
late
acceptance
shows
that
it
has
been
sent
in
such
circumstances that if
its transmission had been normal it would have
reached the offeror in due
time,
the
late
acceptance
is
effective
as
an
acceptance
unless,
without
delay,
the
offeror
orally
informs the offeree
that he considers his offer as having lapsed or
dispatches a notice to that effect.
（
如果载有逾期接受的信件或其它书
面文件表明，它是在传递正常、能及时送达发价人的
情况下寄发的，
则该项逾期接受具有接受的效力，
除非发价人毫不迟延地用口头或书面通知
被发价人：他认为他的发价已经失效。
Article 22
An
acceptance may be withdrawn if the withdrawal
reaches the offeror before or at the same time
as the acceptance would have become
effective.
（
接受得予
撤回，如果撤回通知于接受原应
生效之前或同时，送达发价人。
Article 23
A
contract
is
concluded
at
the
moment
when
an
acceptance
of
an
offer
becomes
effective
in
accordance with the provisions
（规定）
of this
Convention.
（
合同于
按照本公约规定对发
价的接受生效时订立。
Article 24
For the purposes of this Part of the
Convention, an offer, declaration of acceptance or
any other
indication of intention
other means to him personally, to his
place of business or mailing address or, if he
does not have a
place of business or
mailing address, to his habitual residence
（习惯住所地）
.
（
为公约本部
分的目的，发价、接受声明或任何其它意旨表示
送达
对方，系指用口头通知对方或通
过任何其它方法送交对方本人，
或其营业地或通讯地址，
如无营业地或通讯地址，
则送交对
方惯常居住地。
PART III
Sale of
Goods
Chapter I
General Provisions
Article 25
A
breach
（违背）
of
contract committed by one of the parties is
fundamental if it results in such
detriment
（损害）
to the other party as substantially
（充分地）
to deprive
him of what he is
entitled to expect
under the contract, unless the party in breach did
not foresee and a reasonable
person of the same kind in
the same circumstances would not have foreseen
such a result.
（
一方
当事人违反合同的结果，
如使另一方当事人蒙受损害，
以致于实际上剥夺了他根据合同规定
有权期待得到的东西，即为根本
违反合同，除非违反合同一方并不预知而且一个同等资格、
通情达理的人处于相同情况中
也没有理由预知会发生这种结果。
Article 26
A
declaration of avoidance of the contract is
effective only if made by notice to the other
party.
（
宣告合同无效的声明，必须向另一方当事人发出通知，方始有效
Article 27
Unless otherwise expressly provided in
this Part of the Convention, if any notice,
request or other
communication is given
or made by a party in accordance with this Part
and by means appropriate
in the
circumstances, a delay or error in the
transmission of the communication or its failure
to
arrive does not deprive that party
of the right to rely on the communication.
（
除非公约本部分
< br>另有明文规定，
当事人按照本部分的规定，
以适合情况的
方法发出任何通知、
要求或其它通
知后，
这种通知如在传递上发生耽搁或错误，
或者未能到达，
并不使
该当事人丧失依靠该项
通知的权利。
Article 28
If,
in
accordance
with
the
provisions
of
this
Convention,
one
party
is
entitled
to
require
performance of any
obligation by the other party, a court is not
bound to enter a judgement for
specific
performance unless the court would do so under its
own law in respect of similar contracts
of sale not governed by this
Convention.
（
如果按
照本公约的规定，一方当事人有权要求另
一方当事人履行某一义务，
法院没有义务做出判决，
要求具体履行此一义务，
除非法院
依照
其本身的法律对不属本公约范围的类似销售合同愿意这样做。
Article 29
(1) A contract may be modified or
terminated
（
终止）
by the mere agreement of the parties.
（
合
同只需
双方当事人协议，就可更改或终止。
(2) A contract in writing which
contains a provision requiring any modification or
termination by
agreement to be in
writing may not be otherwise modified or
terminated by agreement. However,
a
party
may
be
precluded
by
his
conduct
from
asserting
such
a
provision
to
the
extent
that
the
other party has relied on that conduct.
（
规定任何更改或根据协议终止必须
以书面做出的书
面合同，不得以任何其它方式更改或根据协议终止。但是，一方当事人的
行为，如经另一方
当事人寄以信赖，就不得坚持此项规定。
Chapter II
Obligations of the Seller
Article 30
The
seller
must
deliver
the
goods,
hand
over
any
documents
relating
to
them
and
transfer
the
property in the goods, as required by
the contract and this Convention.
（
卖方必须按照合同和
本公约的规定，交付货物，移交一切与货物有关的单据并转移货物所有权。
Section I. Delivery of the
goods and handing over of documents
Article 31
If
the seller is not bound to deliver the goods at
any other particular place, his obligation to
deliver
consists:
（
如果卖方没有义务要在任何其它特
定地点交付货物，他的交货义务如下：
(a) if the contract of sale involves
carriage of the goods - in handing the goods over
to the first
carrier for transmission
to the buyer;
（
如
果销售合同涉及到货物的运输，卖方应把货物移交
给第一承运人，以运交给买方；
(b) if, in
cases not within the preceding subparagraph, the
contract related to specific goods, or
unidentified goods to be drawn from a
specific stock or to be manufactured or produced,
and at the
time of the conclusion
（缔结）
of the
contract the parties knew that the goods were at,
or were to
be manufactured or produced
at, a particular place - in placing the goods at
the buyer's disposal at
that
place;
（
< br>在不属于上款规定的情况下，如果合同指的是特定货物或从特定存货中提取
的或尚
待制造或生产的未经特定化的货物，
而双方当事人在订立合同时已知道这些货物是在
某一特定地点，或将在某一特定地点制造或生产，卖方应在该地点把货物交给买方处置；
(c) in other
cases - in placing the goods at the buyer's
disposal at the place where the seller had his
place of business at the time of the
conclusion of the contract.
在其它情况下，卖方应在
他于订
立合同时的营业地把货物交给买方处置。
Article 32
(1)
If
the
seller,
in
accordance
with
the
contract
or
this
Convention,
hands
the
goods
over
to
a
carrier
and
if
the
goods
are
not
clearly
identified
to
the
contract
by
markings
on
the
goods, by
shipping
documents
or
otherwise,
the
seller
must
give
the
buyer
notice
of
the
consignment
specifying the
goods.
如果卖方按照合同或本公约的规定将货物交付给承运人，
但货物没有以
货物上加标记、
或以装运单据或其它方式
清楚地注明有关合同，
卖方必须向买方发出列明货
物的发货通知
。
(2) If the
seller is bound to arrange for carriage of the
goods, he must make such contracts as are
necessary
for
carriage
to
the
place
fixed
by
means
of
transportation
appropriate
in
the
circumstances and according to the
usual terms for such transportation.
如果
卖方有义务安排货
物的运输，
他必须订立必要的合同，
以按照通常运输条件，用适合情况的运输工具，把货物
运到指定地点。<
/p>
(3) If the
seller is not bound to effect insurance in respect
of the carriage of the goods, he must, at
the buyer's request, provide him with
all available information necessary to enable him
to effect
such insurance.
如果
卖方没有义务对货物的运输办理保险，他必须在买方提出要求时，向买
方提供一切现有的
必要资料，使他能够办理这种保险。
Article 33
The
seller must deliver the goods:
卖方必须按以下规定的日期交付货物：
(a) if a date is fixed by
or determinable from the contract, on that date; <
/p>
如果合同规定有日期，
或
从合同可以确定
日期，应在该日期交货；
(b)
if a period of time is fixed by or determinable
from the contract, at any time within that period
unless circumstances indicate that the
buyer is to choose a date; or
如果合同规定有一段
时间，
或
从合同可以确定一段时间，
除
非情况表明应由买方选定一个日期外，
应在该段时间内任何时
候
交货；或者
(c) in any other case,
within a reasonable time after the conclusion of
the contract.
在其它情况
下，应在订立合同后
一段合理时间内交货。
Article 34
If
the seller is bound to hand over documents
relating to the goods, he must hand them over at
the
time and place and in the form
required by the contract. If the seller has handed
over documents
before
that
time,
he
may,
up
to
that
time,
cure
any
lack
of
conformity
in
the
documents,
if
the
exercise
of
this
right
does
not
cause
the
buyer
unreasonable
inconvenience
or
unreasonable
expense. However, the buyer retains any
right to claim damages as provided for in this
Convention.
如果卖方有义务移交与货物有关的单据，
他必须按照合同所规定的时间、
地点和方式移交这
些单据。
如果卖方在那个时间以前已移交这些单据，
他可以在那个时间到
达前纠正单据中任
何不符合同规定
的情形，
但是，
此一权利的行使不得使买方遭受不合理的不便或
承担不合理
的开支。但是，买方保留本公约所规定的要求损害赔偿的任何权利。
Section II.
Conformity
（一致）
of the goods and third party claims
Article 35
(1) The seller must deliver goods which
are of the quantity, quality and description
required by the
contract and which are
contained or packaged in the manner required by
the contract.
卖方交付
的货物必须与合同所规
定的数量、
质量和规格相符，
并须按照合同所规定的方式装箱或
包装。
(2) Except
where the parties have agreed otherwise, the goods
do not conform
（符合）
with the
contract
unless
they:
（
除双方当事人业已另有协议外，货
物除非符合以下规定，否则即为
与合同不符：
(a)
are
fit
for
the
purposes
for
which
goods
of
the
same
description
would
ordinarily
be
used;
（
货物适用于同一规格货物通常使用的目的；
(b) are fit for any
particular purpose expressly or impliedly
（隐含的）
made known
to the seller
at the time of the
conclusion of the contract, except where the
circumstances show that the buyer
did
not rely, or that it was unreasonable for him to
rely, on the seller's skill and judgement;
货物
适用于订立合同时曾明示或默示地通知卖方的任何特定目的，
除非情况表明买方并不依赖卖
方的技能和判断力，或者这种依赖对他是不合理
的；
(c) possess
（占有）
the
qualities of goods which the seller has held out
to the buyer as a sample
or model;
货物的质量与卖方向买方提供的货物样品或样式相同；
(d)
are
contained
or
packaged
in
the
manner
usual
for
such
goods
or,
where
there
is
no
such
manner,
in a manner adequate to preserve and protect the
goods.
货物按照同类货物通用的方式
装箱或包装，如果
没有此种通用方式，则按照足以保全和保护货物的方式装箱或包装。
(3) The seller is not
liable under subparagraphs (a) to (d) of the
preceding paragraph for any lack
of
conformity of the goods if at the time of the
conclusion of the contract the buyer knew or could
not have been unaware of such lack of
conformity.
如果买方在订立合同时知道或者不可能不
知道货物不符合同，卖方就无须按上一款（ａ）项至（ｄ）项负有此种不符合同的责任。
Article 36
(1)
The
seller
is
liable
in
accordance
with
the
contract
and
this
Convention
for
any
lack
of
conformity
which
exists
at
the
time
when
the
risk
passes
to
the
buyer,
even
though
the
lack of
conformity becomes
apparent only after that time.
卖方应按照合同和
本公约的规定，对风险移
转到买方时所存在的任何不符合同情形，
负有责任，
即使这种不符合同情形在该时间后方始
明显。
(2) The seller is
also liable for any lack of conformity which
occurs after the time indicated in the
preceding paragraph and which is due to
a breach of any of his obligations, including a
breach of
any guarantee that for a
period of time the goods will remain fit for their
ordinary purpose or for
some particular
purpose or will retain specified qualities or
characteristics.
卖方对在上一款所述
时间
后发生的任何不符合同情形，
也应负有责任，
如果这种不符合同
情形是由于卖方违反他
的某项义务所致，
包括违反关于在一段时
间内货物将继续适用于其通常使用的目的或某种特
定目的，或将保持某种特定质量或性质
的任何保证
.
Article
37
If the seller has
delivered goods before the date for delivery, he
may, up to that date, deliver any
missing part or make up any deficiency
in the quantity of the goods delivered, or deliver
goods in
replacement
of
any
non-conforming
goods
delivered
or
remedy
any
lack
of
conformity
in
the
goods
delivered,
provided
that
the
exercise
of
this
right
does
not
cause
the
buyer
unreasonable
inconvenience or unreasonable expense.
However, the buyer retains any right to claim
damages as
provided for in this
Convention.
如果卖方在交货日期前交付货物，
他
可以在那个日期到达前，
交付任何缺漏部分或补足所交付货物的不足数量，
或交付用以替换所交付不符合同规定的货
物，
或对所
交付货物中任何不符合同规定的情形做出补救，
但是，
此一权利
的行使不得使买
方遭受不合理的不便或承担不合理的开支。
但是
，
买方保留本公约所规定的要求损害赔偿的
任何权利。
Article 38
(1) The buyer must examine
the goods, or cause them to be examined, within as
short a period as
is practicable in the
circumstances.
买
方必须在按情况实际可行的最短时间内检验货物或由他人检验货物。
(2)
If
the
contract
involves
carriage
of
the
goods,
examination
may
be
deferred
until
after
the
goods
have arrived at their destination.
如果合同
涉及到货物的运输，
检验可推迟到货物到达目
的地后进行。
(3)
If
the
goods
are
redirected
in
transit
or
redispatched
by
the
buyer
without
a
reasonable
opportunity
for
examination
by
him
and
at
the
time
of
the
conclusion of
the
contract
the
seller
knew or ought to have
known of the possibility of such redirection or
redispatch, examination may
be deferred
until after the goods have arrived at the new
destination.
如果货物在运输途中改运
或买方须
再发运货物，
没有合理机会加以检验，
而卖方在订立合同时已知
道或理应知道这种
改运或再发运的可能性，检验可推迟到货物到达新目的地后进行
.
Article 39
(1)
The buyer loses the right to rely on a lack of
conformity of the goods if he does not give notice
to the seller specifying the nature of
the lack of conformity within a reasonable time
after he has
discovered it or ought to
have discovered it.
买方对货物不符合同，
必须在发现或理应发现不符
情形后一段合理时间内通知卖方，
说明不符合同情形的性质，
否则就丧失声称货物不符合同
的权
利。
(2) In any
event, the buyer loses the right to rely on a lack
of conformity of the goods if he does
not give the seller notice thereof at
the latest within a period of two years from the
date on which
the
goods
were
actually
handed
over
to
the
buyer,
unless
this
time-limit
is
inconsistent
with
a
contractual period of guarantee.
无论如何，如果买方不在实际收到货物之日起两年内将货物
不符合同情形通知
卖方，
他就丧失声称货物不符合同的权利，
除非这一时限与合同
规定的保
证期限不符。
Article 40
The
seller is not entitled to rely on the provisions
of articles 38 and 39 if the lack of conformity
relates to facts of which he knew or
could not have been unaware and which he did not
disclose to
the buyer.
如果货物不
符合同规定指的是卖方已知道或不可能不知道而又没有告知买方的一
些事实，则卖方无权
援引第三十八条和第三十九条的规定。
Article 41
The
seller must deliver goods which are free from any
right or claim of a third party, unless the
buyer agreed to take the goods subject
to that right or claim. However, if such right or
claim is
based on industrial property
or other intellectual property, the seller's
obligation is
governed by
article 42.
卖方所交付的货物，必须是第三方不
能提出任何权利或要求的货物，除非买方同
意在这种权利或要求的条件下，
收取货物。
但是，
如果这种权利或要求是以工业产权
或其它
知识产权为基础的，卖方的义务应依照第四十二条的规定。
Article 42
(1) The seller
must deliver goods which are free from any right
or claim of a third party based on
industrial
property
or
other
intellectual
property,
of
which
at
the
time
of
the
conclusion
of
the
contract the seller knew
or could not have been unaware, provided that the
right or claim is based
on industrial
property or other intellectual property:
卖方所交付的货物，必须是第三方不能根
据工业产权或其它知识产权主张任何权利或
要求的货物，
但以卖方在订立合同时已知道或不
可能不知道的权
利或要求为限，
而且这种权利或要求根据以下国家的法律规定是以工业产权
或其它知识产权为基础的：
(a)
under
the
law
of
the
State
where
the
goods
will
be
resold
or
otherwise
used,
if
it
was
contemplated by the parties at the time
of the conclusion of the contract that the goods
would be
resold
or
otherwise
used
in
that
State;
or
如果双方当事人在订立合同时预期货物将在某一国
境内转售或做其它
使用，则根据货物将在其境内转售或做其它使用的国家的法律；或者
(b) in any other case,
under the law of the State where the buyer has his
place of business.
在任何
其它情况下，
根据买方营业地所在国家的法律。
(2) The obligation of the seller under
the preceding paragraph does not extend to cases
where:
卖
方在上一款中的义务不适用于以下情况：
(a) at the time
of the conclusion of the contract the buyer knew
or could not have been unaware of
the
right or claim; or
买方在订立合同时已知道或不可能不知道此项
权利或要求；
或者
(b) the
right or claim results from the
seller's compliance with technical drawings,
designs, formulae or
other such
specifications furnished by the buyer.
此项权利或要求的发生，
是由于卖方要遵照买
方所提供的技术图
样、图案、程式或其它规格。
Article 43
(1)
The buyer loses the right to rely on the
provisions of article 41 or Article 42 if he does
not give
notice to the seller
specifying the nature of the right or claim of the
third party within a reasonable
time
after he has become aware or ought to have become
aware of the right or claim.
买方如果不
在已知道或理应知道第三方的权利或要求后一段合理时间内，
将此一权利或
要求的性质通知
卖方，就丧失援引第四十一条或第四十二条规定的权利。
(2) The seller is not
entitled to rely on the provisions of the
preceding paragraph if he knew of the
right or claim of the third party and
the nature of it.
卖方如果知道第三方的权利或要求以及此
一权利或要求的性质，就无权援引上一款的规定。
Article 44
Notwithstanding the provisions of
paragraph (1) of article 39 and paragraph (1) of
article 43, the
buyer
may
reduce the price in accordance with Article 50 or
claim damages, except for loss of
profit, if he has a reasonable excuse
for his failure to give the required notice.
尽管有第三十九条
第（１）款和第四十三条第（１）款的规定，买方如果对
他未发出所需的通知具备合理的理
由，仍可按照第五十条规定减低价格，或要求利润损失
以外的损害赔偿。
Section
III. Remedies for breach of contract by the seller
Article 45
(1) If the seller fails to perform any
of his obligations under the contract or this
Convention, the
buyer may:
如果卖方不履行他在合同和本公约中的任何义务，买方可以：
(a) exercise the rights
provided in articles 46 to 52;
行使第四十六条至
第五十二条所规定的权
利；
(b) claim damages as provided in
articles 74 to 77.
按照第七十四条至第七十七条的规定，
要求
损害赔偿。
(2) The buyer is not deprived of any
right he may have to claim damages by exercising
his right to
other remedies.
买方可能享有的要求损害赔
偿的任何权利，
不因他行使采取其它补救办法的
权利而丧失。<
/p>
(3) No period of
grace may be granted to the seller by a court or
arbitral tribunal when the buyer
resorts to a remedy for breach of
contract.
如果买方对违反合同采取某种补救办法，法院或仲
裁庭不得给予卖方宽限期。
Article 46
(1)
The
buyer
may
require
performance
by
the
seller
of
his
obligations
unless
the
buyer
has
resorted to a remedy which is
inconsistent with this requirement.
买方可
以要求卖方履行义务，
除非买方已采取与此一要求相抵触的某种补救办法。
(2)
If
the
goods
do
not
conform
with
the
contract,
the
buyer
may
require
delivery
of
substitute
goods only if the
lack of conformity constitutes a fundamental
breach of contract and a request for
substitute
goods
is
made
either
in
conjunction
with
notice
given
under
article
39
or
within
a
reasonable
time
thereafter.
如果货物不符合同，买方只有在此种
不符合同情形构成根本违反
合同时，
才可以要求交付替代货物，
而且关于替代货物的要求，
必须与依照第三十九条发出
的通知同时提出，或者在该项通知发出后一段合理时间内提出。
(3) If the goods do not
conform with the contract, the buyer may require
the seller to remedy the
lack of
conformity by repair, unless this is unreasonable
having regard to all the circumstances. A
request for repair must be made either
in conjunction with notice given under article 39
or within a
reasonable
time
thereafter.
如果货物不符合同，买方可以要求卖
方通过修理对不符合同之处
做出补救，
除非他考虑了所有情况之
后，
认为这样做是不合理的。
修理的要求必须与依照第
三十九条发出的通知同时提出，或者在该项通知发出后一段合理时间内提出。
Article 47
(1) The buyer may fix an additional
period of time of reasonable length for
performance by the
seller of his
obligations.
买方可以规定一段合理时限的额外时间，让卖方履行其义务。
(2) Unless the buyer has
received notice from the seller that he will not
perform within the period
so
fixed,
the
buyer
may
not,
during
that
period,
resort
to
any
remedy
for
breach
of
contract.
However, the buyer is not deprived
thereby of any right he may have to claim damages
for delay
in performance.
除非
买方收到卖方的通知，
声称他将不在所规定的时间内履行义务，
买方在
这段时间内不得对违反合同采取任何补救办法。
但是，<
/p>
买方并不因此丧失他对迟延履行义务
可能享有的要求损害赔偿的任
何权利。
Article 48
(1) Subject to article 49,
the seller may, even after the date for delivery,
remedy at his own expense
any
failure
to
perform
his
obligations,
if
he
can
do
so
without
unreasonable
delay
and
without
causing
the
buyer
unreasonable
inconvenience
or
uncertainty
of
reimbursement
by
the
seller
of
expenses
advanced
by
the
buyer.
However,
the
buyer
retains
any
right
to
claim
damages
as
provided for in this Convention.
在第四十九条的条件下，卖方即使在交货日期之后，仍可自
付费用，
对任何不履行义务做出补救，
但这种补救不得造成不合理的迟延，
也不得使买方遭
受不合理的不便，
或无法确定
卖方是否将偿付买方预付的费用。
但是，
买方保留本公约所规<
/p>
定的要求损害赔偿的任何权利。
(2) If the seller requests the buyer to
make known whether he will accept
performance and the
buyer does not
comply with the request within a reasonable time,
the seller may perform within
the
time
indicated
in
his
request.
The
buyer
may
not,
during
that
period
of
time,
resort
to
any
remedy which is inconsistent with
performance by the seller.
如果卖方要求买方表明他是
否接
受卖方履行义务，
而买方不在一段合理时间内对此一要求做
出答复，
则卖方可以按其要求中
<
/p>
所指明的时间履行义务。买方不得在该段时间内采取与卖方履行义务相抵触的任何补救办<
/p>
法。
(3)
A
notice
by
the
seller
that
he
will
perform
within
a
specified
period
of
time
is
assumed
to
include a request, under the preceding
paragraph, that the buyer make known his decision.
卖方
表明他将在某一特定时间内履行义务的通知，
应视为包括根据上一款规定要买方表明决定的
要求在内。
(4) A request or notice
by the seller under paragraph (2) or (3) of this
Article is not effective unless
received by the buyer.
卖方按照本
条第（２）和第（３）款做出的要求或通知，必须在买方
收到后，始生效力。
Article 49
(1) The buyer may declare
the contract avoided:
买方在以下情况下可以宣告合同无效：
(a)
if
the
failure
by
the
seller
to
perform
any
of
his
obligations
under
the
contract
or
this
Convention amounts to a fundamental
breach of contract; or
卖方不履行其在合同或本公约中
的任何义务，等于根本违反合同；或
(b) in case of non-delivery, if the
seller does not deliver the goods within the
additional period of
time fixed by the
buyer in accordance with paragraph (1) of article
47 or declares that he will not
deliver
within the period so fixed.
如果发生不交货的情况，
卖方不在买方按照第四十七条第
（１）款规定的额外时间内交付货物，或卖方声明他将不
在所规定的时间内交付货物。
(2) However, in cases where the seller
has delivered the goods, the buyer loses the right
to declare
the contract avoided unless
he does so:
但是，
如果卖方已交付货物，
买方就丧失宣告合同无效
的权利，除非：
(a) in respect of late
delivery, within a reasonable time after he has
become aware that delivery has
been
made;
对于迟延交货，他在知道交货后一段合理时间内这样做；
(b) in respect of any
breach other than late delivery, within a
reasonable time:
对于迟延交货以外
的任何
违反合同事情：
(i) after he knew or
ought to have known of the breach;
他在已知
道或
理应知道这种违反合同后一段合理时间内这样做；或
(ii) after the expiration of any
additional
period of time fixed by the
buyer in accordance with paragraph (1) of article
47, or after the seller
has declared
that he will not perform his obligations within
such an additional period; or
他在买
方按照第四十七条第
（１）
款规定的任何额外时间满
期后，
或在卖方声明他将不在这一额外
时间履行义务后一段合理
时间内这样做；
或
(iii)
after the expiration of any additional period of
time indicated by the seller in
accordance with paragraph (2) of article 48, or
after the buyer has
declared that he
will not accept performance.
他在卖方按照第四十八
条第（２）款指明的任何
额外时间满期后，或在买方声明他将不接受卖方履行义务后一段
合理时间内这样做
.
Article 50
If
the goods do not conform with the contract and
whether or not the price has already been paid,
the
buyer
may
reduce
the
price
in
the
same
proportion
as
the
value
that
the
goods
actually
delivered had at the time of the
delivery bears to the value that conforming goods
would have had
at that time. However,
if the seller remedies any failure to perform his
obligations in accordance
with
article
37
or
article
48
or
if
the
buyer
refuses
to
accept
performance
by
the
seller
in
accordance with those Articles, the
buyer may not reduce the price.
如果货物不符合
同，不论价
款是否已付，
买方都可以减低价格，
减价按实际交付的货物在交货时的价值与符合合同的货
物在当时的价值两者之间
的比例计算。
但是，
如果卖方按照第三十七条或第四十八条的规
定
对任何不履行义务做出补救，
或者买方拒绝接受卖方按照该两
条规定履行义务，
则买方不得
减低价格。
Article 51
(1)
If
the
seller
delivers
only
a
part
of
the
goods
or
if
only
a
part
of
the
goods
delivered
is
in
conformity
with
the
contract,
articles
46
to
50
apply
in
respect
of
the
part
which
is
missing
or
which
does not conform.
如果卖方只交付一部分货物，或者交付的货物中
只有一部分符合合
同规定，第四十六条至第五十条的规定适用于缺漏部分及不符合同规定
部分的货物。
(2) The
buyer may declare the contract avoided in its
entirety only if the failure to make delivery
completely or in conformity with the
contract amounts to a fundamental breach of the
contract.
买
方只有在完全不交付货物或不按照合同
规定交付货物等于根本违反合同时，
才可以宣告整个
合同无效。
Article 52
(1) If the seller delivers
the goods before the date fixed, the buyer may
take delivery or refuse to
take
delivery.
如果卖方在规定的日期前交付货物，
买方
可以收取货物，
也可以拒绝收取货物。
(2) If the seller delivers
a quantity of goods greater than that provided for
in the contract, the buyer
may take
delivery or refuse to take delivery of the excess
quantity. If the buyer takes delivery of
all or part of the excess quantity, he
must pay for it at the contract rate.
如
果卖方交付的货物数
量大于合同规定的数量，
买方可以收取也可
以拒绝收取多交部分的货物。
如果买方收取多交
部分货物的全部
或一部分，他必须按合同价格付款。
Chapter III
Obligations of the Buyer
Article 53
The
buyer must pay the price for the goods and take
delivery of them as required by the contract
and this Convention.
买方必须按照合同和本公约规定支付货物价款和收取货物。
Section I. Payment of the
price
Article 54
The
buyer's
obligation
to
pay
the
price
includes
taking
such
steps
and
complying
with
such
formalities as may be
required under the contract or any laws and
regulations to enable payment to
be
made.
买方支付价款的义务包括根据合同或任何有关法律
和规章规定的步骤和手续，以
便支付价款。
Article 55
Where
a
contract
has
been
validly
concluded
but
does
not
expressly
or
implicitly
fix
or
make
provision for
determining the price, the parties are considered,
in the absence of any indication to
the
contrary, to have impliedly
made
reference to the price generally charged at the
time of the
conclusion
of
the
contract
for
such
goods
sold
under
comparable
circumstances
in
the
trade
concerned.
如果合同已有效的订立，
但没有明示或暗示地规定价格或规定如何确定价格，
在
没有任何相反表示的情况下，
双方当事人应视为已默示地引用订立合同时此种货物在有
关贸
易的类似情况下销售的通常价格。
Article 56
If the price is fixed according to the
weight of the goods, in case of doubt it is to be
determined by
the net weight.
如果价格是按货物的重量规定的，如有疑问，应按净重确定。
Article 57
(1) If the buyer is not bound to pay
the price at any other particular place, he must
pay it to the
seller:
如果买方没有
义务在任何其它特定地点支付价款，他必须在以下地点向卖方支付价
款：
(a) at the seller's
place of business; or
卖方的营业地；或者
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