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化学化工专业英语——科技英语翻译方法
第七章
被动语态的译法
被动语态在科技英语中使用的频率特别高,据初步统计,被动
语态在科技英
语中约占
1/3
,远高于
普通英语中被动句的使用频率。这是因为:
(
1
)与主动语
态相比,被动语态会突出所要说明的事物;
(
2
)被动语态用行为、活动、作用、
事实等作主语,在句中是第一个出现的词,因此能立即引起读者的注意;
(
3
)通
常被动句比主动句更简洁明了。
7.1
译成被动句
译文可加译“被、供、由、让、给、受、遭、得到、为??所
、加以??、
予以??”等助词,再译谓语。这些词在汉语中都表示被动的意思。但根据
具体
情况,有时也可不加任何词而直接译出。
(1) The atomic theory was not accepted
until the last century.
原子学说直到上个世纪才为人们所接受。
(2) Purified hydrogen is passed over a
liquid metal halide.
让纯化氢气通过液态金属卤化物。
(3) The laws of thermodynamics will be
discussed in the next articles.
热力学定律将在下文予以讨论。
(4) Considerable use is made of these
data.
这些资料得到充分的利用。
(5) Since methane is its first member,
it is also known as the methane series.
因为甲烷是该系列的第一个成员,因此该系列也被称为甲烷系。
(6) The heated water is thus cooled as
it goes through the radiator.
当热水流过散热器时就被冷却了。
7.2
译成汉语主动句
(Ⅰ)译成汉语的无主语句
这种译法一般是将英语句中的主语译成汉语中的宾语,即先译谓语,后译主
语(主谓变序)
。
(1)
Measures have been taken to diminish friction.
已经采取了一些措施来减少摩擦。
(2) A new oil field has been opened up.
已经开发了一座新油田。
(3)
Work is done when an object is lifted.
当举起一个物体的时候,就做了功。
化学化工专业英语——科技英语翻译方法
(4) If the product is a new compound,
the structure must be proved independently.
如果产物是一个新的化合物,则必须单独证明其结构。
(5) Now headings, sub-headings and
tables of contents in English are provided.
现在提供英文的主标题、副标题和目录表。
(Ⅱ)加译“人们、我们、大家、有人”等主语
(1) The metal, iron in particular, is
known to be an important material in engineering.
大家知道,金属,特别是铁,是工程方面的重要材料。
(2) If one or more electrons are
removed, the atom is said to be positively
charged.
如果原子失去了一个或多个电子,我们就说这个原子带正电荷。
(Ⅲ)用英语句中的动作者作汉语中的主语
(1) The complicated problem will be
solved by them.
他们会解决这个复杂的问题。
(2)
The molecules are tightly held together by
attractive forces.
引力把分子紧紧地聚集在一起。
(Ⅳ)将英语中的一个适当成分译作汉语句中的主语
(1) The students have been answered all
the questions.
学生们的问题已全部得到回答。
(2) The oxides of nitrogen are absorbed
in water to give nitric acid.
水吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸。
(3)
None of these three factors should be neglected.
这三个因素一个也不应当忽略。
(4) Iron and steel are used in every
industry.
所有工业都要用钢铁。
(Ⅴ)在原主语前加译“把、将、使、给”等词。
(1) Borax was added to beeswax to
enhance its emulsifying power.
将硼砂加到蜂蜡中以增加蜂蜡的乳化力。
(2)
The
mechanical
energy
can
be
changed
back
into
electrical
energy
through
a
generator.
发电机可以把机械能再转变为电能。
(Ⅵ)将被动语态译成“是??的、对??进行”等
(1) The slurry is filtered to recover
the electrolyte solution.
对泥浆进行过滤可回收电解液。
(2) An
aldehyde is
prepared
from
the
dehydrogenation of
an
alcohol and hence the
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