中英文文献翻译-发动机拉缸的原因

附件一

外文原文

Causes of engine cylinder

Causes and prevention of engine cylinder

The engine cylinder, refers to the inner wall of the cylinder longitudinal mechanical

scratches

and

obvious

scratches

in

the

range

of

motion

of

the

piston

ring,

serious

when produce melting wear, resulting in failure engine is difficult to start or to stall.

Cylinder is a major accident engine.

The

fundamental

reason

of

cylinder

is

oil

film

is

difficult

to

form

between

the

cylinder

wall

and

piston

ring,

piston,

resulting

in

poor

lubrication,

and

even

the

emergence of dry friction phenomenon. There are many concrete and the reasons for

such a situation, boils down to roughly three aspects:

The reason of piston group

1 piston ring gap is too small. If the piston ring gap, gap or the back side of the gap

is too small, the engine piston ring heating expansion card dead, and the wall of the

cylinder pressure is very tight, or broken piston ring, easily in the cylinder wall out

the slot.

2 piston pin down. As the piston pin circlip not installed or fall off, break, piston pin

out of the channeling in the movement, it is easy to pull the inner wall of the cylinder,

causing leakage of cylinder gas into the crankcase.

The 3 piston cylinder matching clearance is too small or too large. If the bad material,

manufacturing

size

error

is

too

large,

or

the

piston

pin

piston

assembly

after

deformation, with the gap caused by the piston and the cylinder is too small, the heat

expansion after being stuck, then strain cylinder wall.

4 piston ring serious carbon deposit. Excessive carbon deposition caused by piston

ring bond or killed in the ring groove, and the coke is a hard abrasive, in the cylinder

wall into a longitudinal groove.

5 serious eccentric cylinder piston. Because of rod bending and twisting deformation,

connecting rod shaft, crankshaft, piston pin seat parallelism and coaxiality deviation

is

too

large,

causing

the

piston

is

obviously

cylinder,

will

accelerate

the

wear

of

piston ring, the piston and cylinder wall, formation damage of oil film.

The causes of cylinder sleeve

1 cylinder roundness, cylindricity tolerance exceeds the allowable range, so that the

piston

and

the

cylinder

seal

of

high

temperature

is

greatly

reduced,

the

gas

in

the

cylinder

down,

destruction

of

oil

film

between

the

piston

and

the

cylinder

wall,

causing scuffing of cylinder bore.

2

cylinder

in

the

process

of

assembly

deformation.

For

example:

the

cylinder

end

protruding

amount

is

too

large,

installing

cylinder

head

after

the

cylinder

pressure

deformation;

liner

waterproof

ring

is

too

coarse,

pressed

into

the

body

causing

deformation, are easy to cause the cylinder.

The reason to use aspects

1 in the assembly using the cylinder and cylinder and piston size does not match.

The 2 air filter is

not

sealed, so that the filtration

effect

of variation, inhalation of

dust, sand and other impurities in

the air cylinder, the formation of abrasive wear.

Experiments show that, if every day in a few grams of dust, wear of cylinder liner

will increase by more than 10 times.

3 grinding badness. The new machine or overhauled engine, there are many micro

uneven in the cylinder liner, piston and piston rings and other parts of the surface,

the

lubrication

oil

film

is

difficult

to

form.

Without

running

immediately

into

the

high load operation, is easy to cause cylinder and other accidents.

4 often starting at

low temperature. Engine

cold

start,

the lubricating oil viscosity,

poor mobility, in the inner wall of the cylinder is difficult to form effective oil film.

According

to

the

research

department

of

the

test,

the

diesel

engine

in

the

cooling

water

temperature

below

30

℃

load

operation,

cylinder

wear

sleeve

parts

is

the

normal temperature of 5 ~ 7 times.

The

5

engine

overheating.

When

the

cooling

system

to

poor

maintenance,

or

overload

operation,

machine

temperature

is

too

high

and

not

only

parts

of

the

mechanical

strength

decreased,

and

the

lubricating

oil

film

cylinder

wall

can

not

form. Parts of the piston thermal expansion, easy to get stuck in the cylinder liner,

the consequences are often piston partially melted, cylinder wall is broken, forcing

the engine flameout.

In

actual

use,

scuffing

is

often

affected

by

several

factors.

For

example,

without

running the engine cold start immediately after into the full load operation, it is easy

to cylinder accident.

The main measures to prevent scuffing the:

1 of the new machine and overhaul the engine, you must first run, which is in good

lubricating

conditions,

in

accordance

with

the

speed

from

low

to

high,

load

to

principle,

carefully

follow

the

running-in

procedure,

and

then

put

into

formal

operation

of

the

load.

2

in

accordance

with

the

instructions

for

use,

gap

and

gap

between

the

proper

selection

of

piston

skirt

and

cylinder

liner,

piston

ring

gap.

In

addition,

the

repair

must

hold

the

piston

cylinder

offset

this,

at

the

same

time

to

ensure the dimensional accuracy of cylinder sleeve.

3 to maintain the normal temperature of cooling water in 70

℃

~ 95

℃

, avoid engine

overheating. Should take measures before the start of the preheating winter.

4

reasonable

operation

engine,

do

not

overload

operation,

don't

start

banging

accelerator, not water.

5 strengthen air filter maintenance, prevent dust suction cylinder.

6 maintain good lubrication system, prevent mechanical impurities and coke mixed

with oil and aggravate the cylinder liner wear

。

附件二

外文翻译

发动机拉缸的原因

发动机拉缸的原因及预防

发动机拉缸，是指气缸内壁在活塞环的运动范围内出现明显的 纵向机械划

痕和刮伤，

严重时发生熔着性磨损，

造成发动机启动困难或者自行熄火的故障。

拉缸是发动机的一种重大事故。

气缸壁、活塞和活塞环表面都具有一定的硬度和表面粗糙度。柴油机在

< br>正常运作时，气缸壁、活塞、活塞环各摩擦副之间有一层润滑油膜，起着润滑、

冷 却、清洗、密封和支承作用，保证活塞在上下高速运动时，处于液体摩擦或

边界摩擦。当 由于某种原因，摩擦副之间润滑油膜受到局部的破坏，气缸与活

塞环组在润滑不良或有硬 微粒存在的情况下相互运动时摩擦增大，则在该处因

温度升高而膨胀，产生热力凸起现象 。使之熔融粘着、撕脱、并逐步扩展造成

熔着磨损，如果油膜能及时恢复或硬颗粒能去除 使凸起区域冷却恢复正常那么

仍可保持运转稳定。如果油膜恢复迟缓或硬质颗料仍然存在 则发生恶性循环，

使熔着扩展，导致大范围异常磨损，使气缸壁、活塞、活塞环急速受到 严重损

伤，呈现熔融流动状态，显示不均匀、不规则的边缘沟痕和皱褶。而造成这种

状况的具体原因有多种，归结起来大致有三个方面：

活塞组方面的原因

1.

活塞环间隙过小。如果活塞环的开口间隙、

边间隙或背间隙过小 ，发动

机工作时活塞环受热膨胀卡死，与气缸壁压得很紧，或者活塞环折断，很容易

在气缸壁上拉出沟槽。

2.

活塞销窜出。

由于活塞销卡簧未装或脱落、

折断，

活塞销在运动中窜出，

很容易拉伤气缸内壁，造成气 缸窜气至曲轴箱。

3.

活 塞的配缸间隙过小或过大。

如果活塞的材质不良、

制造尺寸误差 过大，