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中英文对照外文翻译
The
Investigation Of Car new energy'S Present
Condition And Development
As the world energy crisis, and the war
and the energy consumption of oil --
and
are
full
of
energy,
in
one
day,
someday
it
will
disappear
without
a
trace.
Oil
is
not
in
resources.
So
in
oil
consumption
must
be
clean
before
finding
a
replacement.
With
the
development
of
science
and
technology
the
progress
of
the
society,
people
invented
the
electric
car.
Electric
cars
will
become
the
most
ideal
of
transportation.
In the
development of world each aspect is fruitful,
especially with the
automobile
electronic
technology
and
computer
and
rapid
development
of
the
information age. The electronic control
technology in the car on a wide range of
applications, the
application
of the
electronic
device,
cars,
and electronic
technology
not
only
to
improve
and
enhance
the
quality
and
the
traditional
automobile
electrical performance, but also improve the
automobile fuel economy,
performance,
reliability and emissions purification. Widely
used in automobile
electronic products
not only reduces the cost and reduce the
complexity of the
maintenance. From the
fuel injection engine ignition devices, air
control and
emission control and fault
diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are
generally
1
used
in electronic control technology, auto development
mainly electromechanical
integration.
Widely used in automotive electronic control
ignition system mainly
electronic
control fuel injection system, electronic control
ignition system,
electronic control
automatic transmission, electronic control
(ABS/ASR) control
system, electronic
control suspension system, electronic control
power steering
system, vehicle dynamic
control system, the airbag systems, active belt
system,
electronic control system and
the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation
system
etc.
With
the
system
response,
the
use
function
of
quick
car,
high
reliability, guarantees of engine power
and reduce fuel consumption and emission
regulations meet standards.
The car is essential to modern traffic
tools. And electric cars bring us
infinite joy will give us the physical
and mental relaxation. Take for example,
automatic
transmission
in
road,
can
not
on
the
clutch,
can
achieve
automatic
shift
and
engine
flameout,
not
so
effective
improve
the
driving
convenience
lighten
the
fatigue
strength.
Automatic
transmission
consists
mainly
of
hydraulic
torque
converter, gear transmission, pump,
hydraulic control system, electronic control
system
and
oil
cooling
system,
etc.
The
electronic
control
of
suspension
is
mainly
used to cushion the
impact of the body and the road to reduce
vibration that car
getting smooth-going
and
stability.
When
the
vehicle
in
the
car
when
the
road
uneven
road
can
according
to automatically
adjust the height. When the car ratio of height,
low set to gas
or oil cylinder filling
or oil. If is opposite, gas or diarrhea. To ensure
and
improve
the
level
of
driving
cars
driving
stability.
Variable
force
power
steering
system can
significantly change the driver for
the
work efficiency and
the state,
so
widely
used
in
electric
cars.
VDC
to
vehicle
performance
has
important
function
it can according to the need of active
braking to change the wheels of the car,
2
car motions of
state and optimum control performance, and
increased automobile
adhesion,
controlling
and
stability.
Besides
these,
appear
beyond
4WS
4WD
electric
cars
can
greatly
improve
the
performance
of
the
value
and
ascending
simultaneously.
ABS braking
distance is reduced and can keep turning skills
effectively improve
the
stability
of
the
directions
simultaneously
reduce
tyre
wear.
The
airbag
appear
in
large
programs
protected
the
driver
and
passenger's
safety,
and
greatly
reduce
automobile in
collision of drivers and passengers in the buffer,
to protect the
safety of life.
Intelligent
electronic
technology
in
the
bus
to
promote
safe
driving
and
that
the
other
functions.
The
realization
of
automatic
driving
through
various
sensors.
Except
some
smart
cars
equipped
with
multiple
outside
sensors
can
fully
perception
of
information
and
traffic
facilities
and
to
judge
whether
the
vehicles
and
drivers
in
danger,
has
the
independent
pathfinding,
navigation,
avoid
bump,
no
parking
fees
etc.
Function.
Effectively
improve
the
safe
transport
of
manipulation,
reduce
the
pilot fatigue, improve
passenger comfort. Of course battery electric
vehicle is
the
key,
the
electric
car
battery
mainly
has:
the
use
of
lead-acid
batteries,
nickel
cadmium battery, the battery, sodium
sulfide sodium sulfide lithium battery, the
battery, the battery, the flywheel zinc
- air fuel cell and solar battery, the
battery. In many kind of cells, the
fuel cell is by far the most want to solve the
problem of energy shortage car. Fuel
cells have high pollution characteristics,
different
from
other
battery,
the
battery,
need
not
only
external
constantly
supply
of fuel and electricity can
continuously steadily. Fuel cell vehicles (FCEV)
can
be matched with the car engine
performance and fuel economy and emission in the
aspects of superior internal-combustion
vehicles.
Along with the
computer and electronic product constantly
upgrading electric
car,
open
class
in
mature
technology
and
perfected,
that
drive
more
safe,
convenient
3
and
flexible,
comfortable.
Now,
the
electric
car
from
ordinary
consumers
distance
is
still
very
far
away,
only
a
few
people
in
bandwagon.
Electric
cars
with
traditional to compete
in the market, the car
will
was
electric
cars
and
intelligent
car
replaced.
This
is
the
question
that
day
after
timing
will
come.
ABS,
GPS,
and
various
new
4WD
4WS,
electronic
products
and
the
modern
era,
excellent
performance
auto
tacit
understanding
is
tie-in,
bring
us unparalleled precision driving
comfort and safety of driving.
First,
the development of natural gas vehicle
Reduce pollution to protect the environment, many
countries have issued a
series of
government regulations and the introduction of a
number of incentive
policies
to
promote
the
development
of
gas
vehicle,
such
as
the
development
of
more
stringent
vehicle
emission
standards,
in
the
natural
gas
supply,
car
purchase
taxes
and
fees,
equipment
supply,
gas
station
construction
grant
funds,
tax
incentives.
or
the
purchase
of
alternative
fuel
vehicles
and
the
construction
of
stations
in detail the
provisions of the tax relief, but also enacted a
tax cut that the
use of natural gas and
natural gas companies exempt from motor vehicle
fuel sales
tax. There are more than 40
states in accordance with the policy of the
federal
government, law, drawn up on
the mandatory state and encourage the use of clean
fuel
CNG
vehicles,
such
as
policies
and
measures
to
promote
the
CNG
filling
station
development
and
construction
of
motor
vehicles.
At
present,
more
than
40
countries
around
the
world
have
a
gas
car,
mainly
in
the
rich
natural
gas
resources
in
Italy,
New Zealand,
Argentina, Brazil and other countries and stricter
environmental
regulations the United
States, Japan and other countries.
Second, natural gas vehicle (CNG) fuel
and other environmental and economic
benefits compared
Compressed natural gas vehicles:
4
20MPa
compressed
natural
gas
in
the
car
to
compressed
natural
gas
cylinders
in
use
by the supply of
internal combustion engine after the pressure
reducer.
To CNG fuel for vehicles
compared with gasoline has the following
advantages:
l, reduce pollution and
improve the atmospheric environment: natural gas
is
a
clean
energy,
with
a
high
calorific
value,
high
efficiency,
pollution,
etc.,
the
comparison is totally burned, not
carbon deposition, CO, NOx and particulate
emissions than gasoline, significantly
reduced exhaust pollution. Motor vehicle
exhaust
is
the
major
source
of
urban
air
pollution,
one
of
which
is
carbon
monoxide
harmful
ingredients
(C0),
hydrocarbons
(HC),
nitric
oxide
(N0)
and
nitrogen
dioxide
(NO2)
and
so
on.
According
to
the
data,
the
use
of
gas
as
a
motor
fuel
and
gasoline
as
fuel
can
reduce
emissions
compared
to
90%
CO,
90%
S02,
72%
HC,
39%
NOx,
24%
CO2,
non-dust
emissions, to improve the urban environment has a
significant role in .
A typical diesel
engine and gasoline engine emissions and gas
machine is shown in
table l.
2, CNG vehicle for a higher security
Compared with gasoline, compressed
natural gas is a relatively safe fuel.
(1) natural gas explosion limit is
5% higher than gasoline (lower
explosion limit
for
the
l%)
high,
methane
ignition
for
645
℃
,
ignition
than
gasoline
high
218
℃
,
compared
to
not
ignite.
Low
density
of
methane,
the
relative
density
of
about
0.55,
resulting in leakage of gas will soon
be distributed in the air, in the case of
the natural environment
it
is
difficult to
form
a hot
combustion conditions,
once
the
compressed
natural
gas
from
the
tank
or
pipe
leaks,
leak
immediately
surrounding
the formation of low-temperature zone,
so that the difficulties of natural gas
combustion. Therefore is a fairly safe
CNG motor fuel. Natural gas and fuel
properties of gasoline is shown in
table 2
(2) Department of natural gas
vehicle cylinder pressure vessel
5
(20MPa), its materials and
manufacture and testing in order that all States
have
strict control, in China there are
standards)) (GBl7258-1998).
Cylinders fitted with explosion-proof
facilities, pressure reducer, valves and
other
equipment,
strict
standards
high,
and
gas
supply
system
is
safe
and
reliable
and
will
not
tip
over
due
to
vehicle
collision
or
cause
fire
or
explosion,
and
the
petrol
tank
of
motor
vehicles
department
of
non-pressure
vessels,
fire
easily
after
the explosion.
3, will help
ease the contradiction between energy supply and
demand tension.
China's economy is in a
stage of rapid development, the number of vehicles
to 1
million / year above the rate of
increase of a substantial increase in gasoline
demand of resources, our need to import
large quantities of crude oil per year,
refined oil and LPG. Optimize the use
of gas cars
Motor
fuel
supply
structure
has
changed
only
motor
fuel
gasoline,
diesel
patterns,
not only eased the
problem of shortage of petrol and transport
services to meet
the needs of the
development.
4, extend engine life. The
spread of natural gas to the gas entering the
engine,
the
engine
easily
and
uniformly
mixed
air,
burning
the
comparison
is
totally
clean;
can improve the thermal cycle
efficiency, speed up the burning speed, full use
of
combustion
heat;
CNG
octane
number
at
the
same
time
high
performance
uprising,
when
agents
do
not
need
to
add
the
uprising
will
not
dilute
the
lubricating
oil,
making
the
parts
inside
the
engine
cylinder
greatly
reduce
wear
and
tear,
so
that
the
engine
oil life and increase
the use of the period. All of these vehicles will
reduce
maintenance and operating costs,
thereby enhancing the economy of the use of
vehicles. 5, have a higher economic
efficiency. At present, domestic gasoline
6