-
一些常用的半专业性词汇
< br>不景气
slump
（衰退
rec
ession
）
中国创业板
China Growth Enterprise
Market
首次上市
IPOs
(initial public offering)
市场资本总额
market
capitalization
法人股
institutional
shares
内部股（非上市招股）
private company
shares
牛市
bull
market
法律风险
legal
risk
风险管理
risk
management
坚持严格的贷款标准
maintain strong
underwriting standards
六大风险
risks in 6 key areas
(U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)
信用风险
credit risk
供给学派
supply-side
economist
第一产业（农业）
agriculture (primary
industry)
第二产业（工业）
manufacturing
industry (secondary industry)
第三产业（服务业）
service industry
(tertiary industry)
主要经济指标
major economic
indicators
国内生产总值
GDP gross domestic
product
（商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）
国民生产总值
GNP gross national
product
（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）
人均国内生产总值
GDP per
capita
宏观经济
macro
economy
互助基金
mutual fund
扩大内需
expand domestic
demand
改善居民心理预期
inspire the general
public's confidence in the future needs
鼓励增加即期消费
encourage more
immediate consumption
长期国债
long-term treasury
bonds
支付国债利息
to
service treasury bonds
财政赤字和债务
deficits and the
national debt
按原口径计算
calculate on the base
line
按不变价格计算
calculate at constant
price
按可比价格计算
calculate at
comparable price
列入财政预算支出
listed in the fiscal
budget
结售汇制度
the
system of exchange, settlement and
sales
经常项目顺差
favorable balance of
current account, surplus of current
account
开办人民币业务
engage in Renminbi
(RMB) business
出口退税制度
the system of
refunding taxes on exported goods
保证金台帐制度
Deposit account
system for processing trade
分期付款
pay by
installment
保值储蓄
inflation-proof bank
savings
抵押贷款
collateralised
loans
住房抵押贷款
residential mortgage
loan
货币主义者
monetarist
计划经济
planned
economy
指令性计划
mandatory
plan
技术密集型
technology
intensive
大规模生产
mass
production
经济林
cash tree
跟踪审计
follow-up
auditing
流动性风险
liquidity
risk
操作风险
operational
risk
内部审计
internal
audit
抛售
bear
sales
配套政策
supporting
policies
中国人民银行（中央银行）
The People’s
Bank of China
（
central
bank
）
四大国有商业银行
4 major state-owned
commercial banks
中国银行
Bank of china
中国工商银行
Industrial and
Commercial Bank of
China
（）
and
中国建设银行
Construction Bank of
China
中国农业银行
Agricultural Bank of
China
招商银行
China
Merchants Bank
疲软股票
soft stock
配股
allotment of
shares
实际增长率
growth rate in real
terms
年均增长率
average growth rate per
annum
投资回报率
rate
of return on investment
外贸进出口总额
total foreign trade
value
实际利用外资
incoming overseas
capital (investment) in place
消费价格指数
consumer price index
(CPI)
零售价格指数
retail price index
（
RPI
）
生活费用价格总指数
total price index
of living cost
生活费用
income available for
living expenses
扣除物价因素
in real terms / on
inflation-adjusted basis
居民储蓄存款
residents’ bank
savings deposit
恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例）
Engel
coefficient
基尼系数（衡量地区差别）
Gini
coefficient
购买力平价法
purchasing power
parity (PPP)
（衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水
平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）
片面追求发展速度
excessive pursuit of
growth
泡沫经济
bubble
economy
经济过热
overheating of
economy
通货膨胀
inflation
实体经济
the real
economy
经济规律
laws
of economics
市场调节
market
regulation
优化资源配置
optimize allocation of
resources
规模经营优势
advantage of economies
of scale
劳动密集型
labor
intensive
市场风险
market risk
收紧银根
tighten up monetary
policy
适度从紧的财政政策
moderately tight
fiscal policy
信用紧缩
credit crunch
加强国有商业银行内部资金调度
In state
commercial banks, internal capital allocation
should be
improved.
合理划分贷款审批权限
Limits
of
authority
for
examining
and
approving
loans
should
be
rationally defined.
< br>保
证
有
市
场
、
有
效
益
、守
信
用
企<
/p>
业
的
流
动
资
金贷
款
ensur
e
floating
capital
loans
for
well-
performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn
out the right products for the right
markets
启动民间投资
attract investment
from the private sector
适销对路的产品
the right products /
readily marketable products
国有企业
state-owned enterprises
(SOEs)
集体企业
collectively-owned
(partnership) enterprises
私营企业
private
businesses
民营企业
privately-run
businesses
中小企业
small-and-medium-sized
enterprises
三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外
商独资）
overseas-invested
enterprises;
foreign-
invested
enterprises
(Chinese-overseas
equity
joint
ventures,
Chinese-overseas
contractual
joint
ventures,
wholly foreign- owned
enterprises)
存款保证金
guaranty money for
deposits
货币回笼
withdrawal of currency
from circulation
吸收游资
absorb idle
fund
经常性贷款
commercial
lending
经常性支出
operating
expenses
再贷款
re-
lending; subloan
支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资
support
large state-owned enterprises and high and
innovative technology companies in
their efforts to seek financing by listing on the
stock market
改制上市
An enterprise is re-
organized according to modern corporate system so
that it will get
listed on the stock
market.
进一步规范和发展证券市场
further
standardize and develop the securities
market
增加直接融资比重
increase the
proportion of direct financing
完善股票发行上市制度
improve the system
for IPO and listing on stock markets
中国证监会
China Securities
Regulatory Commission (CSRC)
深圳证券交易所市
Shenzhen Stock
Exchange
上海证券交易所
Shanghai Stock
Exchange
综合指数
composite
index
纳斯达克（高技术企业板）
NASDAQ
（
National
Association
of
Securities
Dealers
Automated
Quotation
主板市场
the main
board
通货紧缩
deflation
中国现代化建设分三步走的战略
the
three-
step development strategy of
China’s modernization
drive
第
一步，到
1990
年国民生产总值比
1
980
年翻一番
Step One: GDP of 1990
doubles that of
1980.
第二步，
到
2000
年人均国民生产总值比
1980
年翻两番，
人民生活达到小康水平
Step Two:
GDP of 2000
quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly
comfortable life.
第三步，
到
21
世纪中期
建国
100<
/p>
周年时，
达到中等发达国家水平
Step
Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of
the P.R.C., China’s level of
development is expected to be on par with the
mid
-ranking developed
countries
与世界经济的联系将更加紧密
be more closely
linked to the world economy
中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力
The
huge market potential that China enjoys
will be turned into tangible purchasing
power.
适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全
The
regulatory
and
legal
system
is
not
well
established as to adapt to the demand
of market economy.
经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应
The
economic
management
system
may
not
be
readily
adapted to the changes.
一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击
Some
sectors
of
economy
and
some
businesses
may
be
adversely affected.
立足中国国情，发挥自身优势
proceed
from
national
conditions
in
China
and
bring
our
advantages into
play
扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战
foster
strengths and circumvent weaknesses and
rise to the challenge of economic
globalization
瓶颈制约
bottleneck
constraints
放权让利
decentralization and
interest concessions (in late 1980s and early
1990s)
深化改革
intensify reform; deepen
one’s commitment to reform
配套改革
supporting (concomitant)
reforms
配套资金
counterpart funds; local
funding of
提高经济效益
improve economic
performance; increase economic returns
讲求社会效益
value contribution to
society; pay attention to social effect
加速国民经济信息化
develop
information-based economy accelerate IT
application in economy
拉动经济增长
fuel economic
growth
利改税
substitution of tax
payment for profit delivery
费改税
transform administrative
fees into taxes
债转股
debt-to-equity
swap
头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺）
in
an easy position (tight position)
朝阳产业
sunrise
industry
招标投标制
the
system of public bidding for project
充分发挥货币政策的作用
give full play to
the role of monetary policy
实施积极的财政政策
follow a pro-active
fiscal policy
向银行增发国债，
扩大投资
The
government issued additional treasury bonds to
banks to increase
investment.
再注资
recapitalization
放松银根
to ease monetary
policy
信息经济
IT
economy
外向型经济
export-oriented
economy
信息时代
information
age
全球化
globalizat
ion
（全球性
globality
）
信誉风险
reputational
risk
风险评级
risk
rating
到期不还贷
default on a
loan
资不抵债
insolvency; be
insolvent
亚洲金融危机
Asian financial crisis
(1997-98)
投资（贷款）组合
investment (loan)
portfolio
外汇储备充足
sufficient foreign
exchange reserves
中国金融业问题
problems with
financial sector in China
储蓄比例过高
the excessively large
proportion of savings in the money
supply
国有企业产负债率过高
high leverage
ratio of the state-owned enterprises,
<
/p>
国有独资商业
银行不良资产
比例过
高
high
ratio
of
non-performing
loans
of
the
state
commercial
banks
少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务
insolvency
of a handful of small and medium-sized
financial institutions
不良贷款
non-performing
loans
防范和化解金融风险
address financial
risks
提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力
improve
enterprises’ creditworthiness
and
ability to fulfil
their civil
liabilities
监事会
supervisory
board
实行谨慎会计制度
adopt prudential
accounting standards
五级分类法划分贷款质量
the five-category
asset classification approach
金融资产管理公司
financial asset
management companies
分离和收回不良资产
substantially
reduce the ratio of non-performing
assets
分业管理、规模经营
business
segregation, economy of scale
规范金融机构市场退出制度
improve the
market exit mechanism for financial
institutions
政策性银行
state policy-related
bank
国家发展银行
State
Development Bank
知识经济
knowledge-based
economy
网络经济
Internet-based networked
economy
指导性计划
guidance
plan
社会主义市场经济（中国）
socialist market
economy
社会市场经济（德国）
social market
economy
新经济（美国）
new
economy
中国光大银行
Everbright Bank of
China
中国民声银行
China
Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.
中信实业银行
CITIC Industrial
Bank
中国进出口银行
China
EXIM Bank
汇丰银行
Hong Kong and Shanghai
Banking Corporation (HKSBC)
金融监管
financial
supervision
中国人民银行法
Law of the People’s
Bank of China
商业银行法
Law of Commercial
Banks
保险法
Law of
Insurance
证券法
Law
of Securities
巴塞尔原则
Basel Core
Principles
监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全
problems
of
supervised
entities’
behavior
and
the
unsound
internal governance mechanism