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第二章-fuzzy control basic

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-03-02 13:47
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2021年3月2日发(作者:sao2)


一、填空



1.


模糊控制应用的领域有


















































等。



2


.一个模糊控制器由






















































































组成。



3. A fuzzy controller has four main components: (1)

























. (2)



























.


(3)





























.


And



(4)





















.


4. The general form of the linguistic rules is




If





















Then














.


5.















____________________


和< /p>


__________________________




6



The membership function of a Singleton fuzzification is




























. The membership function of a crisp set is


































.


7



Fuzzy control system design essentially amounts to (1)
















































, (2)






























































, and (3)



































































.


a fuzzy system has three inputs and single output, we have



7


membership


functions on each universe of discourse, then there are

















possible


rules.



9
































are the language of conventional control, and































are the language of fuzzy control.



10. If a fuzzy system has three inputs and single output, we have



9 membership


functions on each universe of discourse, then there are

















possible


rules.




二、选择



1


模糊控制器一般由下列基本单元组成(

















(A)


知 识库、推理机、模糊化接口和模糊判决接口















(B)


知识库、推理机、传感器和解释器















(C)


知识库、推理机、模糊数据库和接口















(D)


知识库、推理机、模糊决策和解释器



2


、模糊控制是以模糊集合为基础的。提出模糊集合的科学家是:







A



N


·


J


·


Nilson





(B) L


·


A


·


Za deh



C



A


·


Turing








D



H


·


A


·


Simon < /p>


3


、若对误差、误差变化率论域


X



Y


中元素的全部组合计算出相应的控制量变


u


u



ij< /p>


,可写成矩阵


ij


n

?


m


,一般将此矩阵制成


(




)




?


?


A


.输入变量赋值表





B


.输出变量赋值表



C


.模糊控制器查询表










D


.模糊控制规则表



~


~


A


A

4


、若模糊集合


表示模糊概念“老”


,则模糊概念“极老”相当于


乘以模糊算


< br>H


?


,其中


λ

< br>=(



)




A



2








B



4


C



1/2




















D



1/4


5


、模糊控制只是在一定程度上模仿人的模糊决策和推理,用它 解决较复杂问题


时,还需要建立数学模型。


()



A





B




6



在模糊集合的向量表示法中,


隶属度为


0


的项必须用


0


代替而不能舍弃。






A




B




7


、在模糊控制中,为把输入的确定量模糊化,需要建立模糊控制规则表。

()



A




B




8


、从模糊控制查询表中得到控制量的相应元素后,乘以比例因子即为控制量的


变化值。






A




B




9


、模糊控制器的核心部件是()



A


模糊化



B


推理机



C


规则库



D


解模糊



1 0


、以下几种方法中不属于模糊关系表达法的是()



A


模糊集表示法





B


函数说明法



C


矩阵表示法







D


模糊图表示法


11


、图


1


中划横线部分是


__ ____


的直观表示。



A.


A


?














B.


A


?











C.


?


A


?













D.


?


A










1


< /p>


12.


模糊相似关系满足


____




A.


自反性和对称性



















B.


对称性和传递性





C.


自反性和传递性



















D.


自反性、对称性和传递性



13



设计模糊控制器的内容和原则主要有:



选择模糊控制器的结构



以及


()


ABC


A


选取模糊控制规则



B


确定模糊化的解模糊策略


,


制定控制表



C


确定模糊控制器的参数



D


确定模糊集合


14



对模糊控制器的特性研究分有动态和静态之分,


下列各项属于静态特性的有


()


AB


A


模糊控制规则的完整性



B


模糊控制器的鲁棒性



C


模糊控制器的可控性





D


模糊控制器的灵敏性



15


、以下关于模糊控制的特点,不正确的是()


C


A


设计系统时不需要建立被控对象的数学模型,


只要求掌握现场操作人员或者有


关专家的经验、只是或者操作数据;

< p>


B


模糊控制不可用于模型确定的对象



C


系统的鲁棒性强,尤其适用于非线性时变、滞后系统的控制< /p>



D


、对于较为复杂的系统,很难得到较 为完善的控制规则;





三、简答



1.


模糊逻辑与随机事件的联系与区别。




specify


some


set- theoretic


and


logical


operations


on


fuzzy


sets



at


least


4


kinds



.


3. Please specify 4 types of membership functions for the error suppose it is negsmall.


4.


简述模糊变量的论域和有效论域。



5. What is a functional fuzzy system?


6




简述模糊系统的缺点,给出克服其缺点的两种方法。



7. Please specify some set-theoretic and logical operations on fuzzy sets



at least four


kinds




8.


模糊控制是否需要对象的模型?为什么?



9.


Please


draw


the


membership


functions


which


were


defined


by


the


following


descriptions:



(< /p>


a



Someone may be able to argue that we are absolutely certain that any value of e(t)


near


?


?


is still



possmall



and only when you get sufficiently far from



do we lose


2


2


our confidence that it is



possmall

< br>”






b



For other applications you may not readily accept values far away from


being



poslarge






c



We represent that we believe that as e(t) moves to the left of


2


?



we are very


3


?



as


3


quick to reduce our confidence that it is



possm all



,but if we move to the right of


2


?



our confidence that e(t) is



possmall



diminishes at a slower rate.



3


10. Please write out the proper rules which can capture the expert



s knowledge about


how to control the inverted pendulum to balance the pendulum in the upright position


(i. e.,


r


?


0


) when it is in the three positions shown in the Figure 1.




u


(a)


u


u


(b)


(c)



FIGURE 1 Inverted pendulum in various positions





11.


画出以下两种情况的隶属函数:



(< /p>


a


)精确集合



A


?


{


x


?< /p>


8


?


x


?


?


2


}


的隶属函数;




b


)什么 是单一模糊化(


singleton fuzzification


)?并举例说明。



四、计算



1.









入< /p>









< p>



1






d

e


(


t


)


?


0


,


e


?< /p>


t


(


?


)


?


?


8


,

< p>
试计算以下


3


2


条件



规则


的隶属函数:



dt



a


)规则


1



If


error is zero


and


chang-in-error is zero


Then


force is zero




均使 用


最小化操作表示蕴含


(using minimum opertor)





b


)规则


2



If


error is zero


and


chang-in-error is possmall


Then


force is negsmall




均使用乘积操作表示蕴含


(using product opertor)













-30


-20


-10


10


20


30


u

?


?


-1


0


-2


“neglarge”


“negsmall”

< p>
“zero”


1


“possmall”

< p>
2


“poslarge”


?


2


?


?


4


?


4


?


2


e


?


t


?


,


?


r


a


d


.


?


-1


0


-2


“neglarge”


“negsmall”


“zero”


1


“possmall”


2


“poslarge”


?


4


?


?


8

?


1


6


?


8


?


4


d


e< /p>


d


t


?


t


?


,


?


r

< p>
a


d


.


?


-1


0


-2


“neglarg e”


“negsmall”


“zero”


1


“possmall”


2


“pos large”


?


t


?

< br>,


?


N


?


2.


一个模糊系统的输入和输出的隶属函数如图


1


所示。



e


(


t


)


?


0,

< p>
试计算以下


条件



规则< /p>


的隶属函数:



d


e


(


t


)


?


?


16


,


dt



a


)规则


1



If


error is zero


and


chang-in-error is zero


Then


force is zero




均使用

< br>最小化操作表示蕴含


(using minimum opertor)





b


)规则


2



If


error is zero


and


chang-in-error is possmall


Then


force is negsmall




均使用乘积操作表示蕴含


(using product opertor)







?


-1< /p>


0


-2


“neglarge”

< p>
“negsmall”


“zero”


1

< p>
“possmall”


2


“poslarge”< /p>


?


2


?


?


4


?


4


?

< p>
2


e


?


t


?


,


?


r

a


d


.


?









-1


0< /p>


-2


“neglarge”


“negsm all”


“zero”


1


“possm all”


2


“poslarge”


?< /p>


?


4


?


?


8


?


16


?


8


?


4


d


e


?


t


?

< br>,


?


r


a


d


.


?


d


t


-1


0


-2


“ neglarge”


“negsmall”


“zero”


1


“possmall”


2

< br>“poslarge”


-30


-20

-10


10


20


30


u


?


t


?

< br>,


?


N


?


3.


The membership functions of the inputs and output of a fuzzy system were shown


in Fig . 1. When


e


(


t


)


?


?


16



d


?< /p>


e


(


t


)


?



dt


16


please calculate the membership values of the premises and the rules in following


cases





a



Rule 1



If


error is zero


and


chang-in-error is zero


Then


force is zero. Product


operation was adapted for implication





b



Rule 2



If


error is zero


and


chang-in-error is possmall


Then


force is negsmall.


Minimum operation was adapted for implication.



4.



The membership functions of the inputs and output of a fuzzy system were shown


in Fig . 1. When


e


(


t


)


?


0



d


?


e


(


t


)


?



dt


16


please calculate the membership values of the premises and the rules in following


cases





a



Rule 1



If


error is zero


and


chang-in-error is zero


Then


force is zero



Product


operation was adapted for implication





b



Rule 2



If


error is zero


and


chang-in-error is possmall


Then


force is negsmall



Minimum operation was adapted for implication.




5. The membership functions of the inputs and output of a fuzzy controller were


shown in Fig . 1. Table 1 represents abstract knowledge that the expert has about


how to control the plant When


e


(


t


)

< p>
?


?


16



d


?


e


(

< br>t


)


?


,


dt


16


We use center of gravity (COG) defuzzification, product for premise and implication.


Please calculate the output of the fuzzy controller at the current time .


TABLE 1 Rule Table for the plant



change-in- error




e



-2


-1


0


1


2


2


2


1


0


2


2


1


0


-1


2


1


0


-1


-2


1


0


-1


-2


-2



force




u


-2



error

< br>”



-1


0


e


1


2



2


0



-2


-2


-2





























答案




一、填空



1






工程实际






科学计算








商业管理、医学等



2





模糊化






模糊推理







规则库




解(去)模糊










3.



rule-base




Inference mechanism






fuzzification



interface.




defuzzification interface



.


4. premise






consequent




5. center of gravity




center-average



x


=


?


i


?


1


?


1


6



?


A





< br>?




x



?


?


?


?


?


fuz


x


x



i


0


otherwise


?


?





0


x


?


[


a


,


b


]




o


t


h


e

< br>r


w


i


s


e


7



(1)





choosing the fuzzy controller inputs and outputs , (2)



choosing the


preprocessing that is needed for the controller inputs and possibly postprocessing that


is needed for the output and(3)




designing each of the four components of the fuzzy


controller








8






343





9




Ordinary differential equations (ODE)






rules





10.729



二、选择



1



A



2



B



3



C



4



B



5



B



6



A 7



B



8



A



9



B



10



B



11



B



12



A



13



ABC



14



AB



15



C



三、简答



1.


答案:概率是事件发生可能性大小的度量,它表示事件结果的不确定性;而隶


书函数则是事件本身多大程度属于某个分类的度量。


,它表示事物本身 性质的内


在不确定性。



< p>
?


?


A



2.


答案:


Fuzzy Subset,

< p>
A


i


1


?


A


i


2


if


?


A


1


u


i



2


u


i



for



all u


i


?


U


i



i


i






Fuzzy Complement,


1


?


?


A


1


(u


i


)



i

-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



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