-
SAT
语法
Part
8
悬垂结构
(Dangling
Element)
悬垂结构
:
是指现在分词
(V-ing)
或过去
分词
(V-ed)
在句子中做状语时,
其逻辑主语
(即动作的发出者)
必须是句子的主语;但如果该主
语和现在分词或过去分词在逻辑上又没有联系,现在分词或过去
分词就变成了一个没有依
附的分词,文法上称这样的错误情况较悬垂结构
悬垂结构是<
/p>
SAT
重点考察的内容
,
通常包括三种情况
1 ) V-ing, SVO
2)
V-ed, SVO
3)
To do,
SVO
当句子以
-ing
开头,则句子的主语必须是该动作的发出者
(现在分词表示主动与进行)
当句子以
-ed
开头,则句子的主语必须和该
—
ed
构成被动关系
(过去分词表示被动与完成)
(有时在
—
ing,
--ed
形式前,有连词
before , after,
when ,while unless ,if; though
……
)
当句子以
to do
开头
.
不定式表示目的或将来
Ex.
Growing up in a
family
where music was a daily part of
life, Steve and Rick share a determination to
become a sing duo known nationwide.
Ex
. Carried by
the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere, the
1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused
dust that crossed the United States in
three days and circled the globe in two weeks.
Traveling through Yosemite,
we photographed the beautiful scenery of
waterfalls and granite peaks.
< br>(
时间状语,可换成
while
引导的时间状语从句。
)
Ex
.
Isolated by the sea
, the aboriginal
peoples of Australia had developed a unique
culture long before the
arrival of Euro
peans.
(原因状语,可换成
because
引导的原因状语从句。
)
Ex
. During the labor
dispute
, barrels of potatoes were
emptied across the highway, thereby blocking all <
/p>
traffic.
(结果状语,
ther
eby
提示。
)
(3)
分词作状语时,分词可以依据不同的时态语态,变化为
:
与谓语同时发生
先于谓语动词
主动
doing
having done
被动
being done
having been
done
或
done
至于到底选择何
种形式做状语,应遵循“先看主被动,后看先后”的原则来判断,也就是说,
先看状语与句子主语的关系,是主动还是被动
;
再看状语与句子谓语的前后顺序,是与谓语同时发生,还是先
于谓语发生。
Having been a victim
of malicious rumors
, Helen purposely
avoided gossips
Having come this
far
, the delegates did not want to
return without accomplishing something
独立主格和
with
复合结构
非谓语做状语的前提是其逻辑主语和句子的主语必须保持一致,如果不
一致,则需要独立主格或
with
复合结构做状语。
Eg.
In
the
100-yard
relay
our
team
impressed
the
crowd,
(with)
each
of
the
members
shaving
several
seconds of her own
best time.
A great gray owl flying lowly across a
forest clearing, its wings beating quietly and its
ultrasensitive ears
tuned to the faint
sounds made by small creatures concealed under
leaves
时间,条件,让步三种状语从句的简化
具体要求是从句的主语必须要么是与主句主语相同,要么就是
it
p>
,并且谓语动词中还得有
be
动词。
换言之,从句的结构为:连词
+
(与主句相同的主语
/it +
be
)
+
分词
/
不定式等。
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