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Part8 悬垂结构

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-03-02 13:39
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2021年3月2日发(作者:melon是什么意思)


SAT


语法



Part 8







悬垂结构


(Dangling Element)


悬垂结构


:


是指现在分词


(V-ing)


或过去 分词


(V-ed)


在句子中做状语时,


其逻辑主语


(即动作的发出者)


必须是句子的主语;但如果该主 语和现在分词或过去分词在逻辑上又没有联系,现在分词或过去


分词就变成了一个没有依 附的分词,文法上称这样的错误情况较悬垂结构



悬垂结构是< /p>


SAT


重点考察的内容


,


通常包括三种情况



1 ) V-ing, SVO









2)



V-ed, SVO








3)



To do,



SVO




当句子以


-ing


开头,则句子的主语必须是该动作的发出者








(现在分词表示主动与进行)




当句子以


-ed

开头,则句子的主语必须和该



ed


构成被动关系




(过去分词表示被动与完成)




(有时在



ing, --ed


形式前,有连词


before , after, when ,while unless ,if; though


……





当句子以


to do


开头


.


不定式表示目的或将来




Ex.


Growing up in a family


where music was a daily part of life, Steve and Rick share a determination to


become a sing duo known nationwide.


Ex


. Carried by


the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere, the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused


dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two weeks.


Traveling through Yosemite,


we photographed the beautiful scenery of waterfalls and granite peaks.


< br>(


时间状语,可换成


while


引导的时间状语从句。


)


Ex


. Isolated by the sea


, the aboriginal peoples of Australia had developed a unique culture long before the


arrival of Euro peans.


(原因状语,可换成


because


引导的原因状语从句。




Ex


. During the labor dispute


, barrels of potatoes were emptied across the highway, thereby blocking all < /p>


traffic.


(结果状语,


ther eby


提示。




(3)


分词作状语时,分词可以依据不同的时态语态,变化为


:







与谓语同时发生









先于谓语动词



主动







doing

















having done


被动







being done













having been done



done


至于到底选择何 种形式做状语,应遵循“先看主被动,后看先后”的原则来判断,也就是说,



先看状语与句子主语的关系,是主动还是被动


;



再看状语与句子谓语的前后顺序,是与谓语同时发生,还是先 于谓语发生。



Having been a victim of malicious rumors


, Helen purposely avoided gossips


Having come this far


, the delegates did not want to return without accomplishing something



独立主格和


with


复合结构



非谓语做状语的前提是其逻辑主语和句子的主语必须保持一致,如果不 一致,则需要独立主格或



with


复合结构做状语。



Eg.



In


the


100-yard


relay


our


team


impressed


the


crowd,


(with)


each


of


the


members


shaving


several


seconds of her own best time.





A great gray owl flying lowly across a forest clearing, its wings beating quietly and its ultrasensitive ears


tuned to the faint sounds made by small creatures concealed under leaves


时间,条件,让步三种状语从句的简化



具体要求是从句的主语必须要么是与主句主语相同,要么就是


it


,并且谓语动词中还得有


be


动词。


换言之,从句的结构为:连词



+


(与主句相同的主语


/it + be



+


分词


/


不定式等。




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