-
一般将来时
一、一般将来时的定义
一般将来时表
示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词
tomorrow,
soon
或短语
next year
/ week / month, in a few days, in the future,
sometime
做状语。如:
What will you do this afternoon.
你今天下午干什么?
We will
have a meeting tomorrow.
我们明天要开会。
He is
going to study abroad next year.
明年他要出国学习。
二、一般将来时的基本用法及构成
一般将来时的基本用法是表示单纯的将来事实,由“
will
/ shall +
动词原形”构成:
We shall have a lot of rain next month.
下个月将下很多雨。
I think
she will pass the exam.
我想他考试会及格的。
三、表示将来时间的几种常见方法
英语中除了“
will /shall+
动词原形”表示半来时态外,还可以有以下多种方法:
(1)
用
“
be going to+
动词原形”
表示。主要表示打算和预测:
We are not going to stay there long.
p>
我们不准备在那里多待。
(
表打算
)
I’m afraid they’re
going to lose the game.
恐怕他们
会赛输。
(
表预测
)
< br>
Look, it’s going to
rain.
瞧,要下雨了。
(
表预见
)
注:
be going to
后接动
词
go
和
come
时,通常直接改用其进行时态:
Where is he
going to go? / Where is he going?
他打算到哪里去?
(2)
用“
be to+
动词原形
”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作;有时也表
示命令、禁止
或可能性:
He is to leave for
Beijing tomorrow.
他决定明天去北京。
Tell him he’s not to be back
late.
告诉他不准迟回。
(3)
用
“
be about to+
动词原形”
表示。主要表示即将要发生的事:
He is about to leave.
他即将要离开。
Sit down,
everyone. The film is about to start.
大家坐好,电影马上就要开发始了。
注:该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用:
误:
He is about to leave soon
[tomorrow].
另外,该结构在美国英语中还可表示
“
打算
”(
主
要用于否定句
)
:
I’m not about to lend him any more
money.
我不打算再借给他任何钱。
(4)
用
“
be due to+
动词原形”
表示。主要表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事:
He is due to leave very soon.
他很快就要离开。
His book
is due to be published in October.
他的书计
划
10
月份出版。
(5)
用“
现在进行时”
(
即
be
+现在分词
)
表示。主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事
:
The students are leaving
on Sunday.
学生们星期日出发。
We’re having a party next
week.
我们下星期将开一个晚会。
注:该用法有时表示即将发生的动作:
I’m leaving.
我走了。
(6)
用“
一般现在时”
表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事:
The train leaves at 7:25 this evening.
火车今晚
7:25
分开。
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
明天是星期三。
We have a
holiday tomorrow.
我们明天放假。
p>
注:在表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词性从句、定语从句等中,
< br>也用一般现
在时表示将来意义,参见“时态详解:一般现在时”的有关用法。
p>
四、三种将来时间表示法的比较
(1)
“will / shall
+动词原形
”
与
“be going
to
+动词原形
”
两者均可表示将来时间和意图,两者有时可换用:
I think it’ll rain this evening. / I
think it’s going to rain this evening.
我想今晚会下雨。
I won’t
tell you about it. / I’m not going to tell you
about it.
我不会把这事告诉你的。
但有时有差别:
①
若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑
好的,
则通常要用
be going to
;
若是表示某个意图
没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的当时
才临时想到的,则通常用
will
。比较:
安住院了。
”“
啊,真
的吗?我还不知道。我要去看看她。
”
(
临时想法,不能用
be going
to)
安住院了。
< br>”“
我知道,
我打算明天去看看她。
” (
事先考虑的意图,不能用
will)
②
若是有迹象表明要发生某事,通常只用
be going to
,不用
will
:
Look at those black clouds. It’s
going to rain.
看那些乌云,要下雨了。
③
带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用
be going
to
,而用
will
:
When he comes back, I will tell
him the news.
他回来时我就告诉他这个消息。
If he comes back, I will tell him the
news.
他若回来我就告诉他这个消息。
(2)
“be going to+
动
词原形
”
与
“
现在进行时
”
①
be going to
主要表示
主观想法或意图,
而现在进行进表示将来则主要已经强调作出的
安排。比较:
I’m going to wash the
car if I have time.
若有时间我想洗洗
车。
(
主观想法
)
I’m picking you up at 6; don’t
forget.
我
6
点钟来接你,不要忘了。
(
已作出的安排
)
②
但是当要表示主观无法控制的预测时,通常要用
be
going to
,不能用现在进行时态:
It’s going
to snow before
long.
不久会下雪。
Things are going to get better soon.
情况很快就会好起来。
③
当表示坚持要
(
不要
)
某人做某事时,两者均可
用:
She’s taking [going to
take] that medicine whether he likes it or
not.
不管她喜欢不喜欢,她
都得吃那药。
You’re not wearing [going to wear] that
skirt to school.
你不可以穿那条裙子去上学。
(3)
“be going to+
动词原形
”
与
“be to+
动词原形
”
的区别
两者均可表
示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有时可互换
(
但
be to
比
be going
to
正式
)
:
Where are we going to stay tonight?
我们今晚住哪里?
I’m
(going) to play tennis this afternoon.
我打算今天下午打网球。
另外,
be going to
还可
表示预测,
即根据已有迹象预测将要发生的动作,
此时不能用<
/p>
be
to
:
Look, it’s g
oing to rain.
看,要下雨了。
五、典型一般将来时考题详解
p>
【例
1
】
Turn
on the television or open a magazine and you
__________
advertisements
showing happy families
A.
will often see
B.
often see
C.
are often
seeing
D.
have often seen
分析:
A
。这是
“
祈使句
+and
+
陈述句<
/p>
”
句型,祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句,
and
后
的陈述句的谓语用一般将来时,这是一个较为固定的
句型。
【例
2
】
He
was hoping to go abroad but his parents
__________
that
they won’t support him
unless he can
borrow money from the bank.
A.
were deciding
B.
have decided
C.
decided
D.
will decide
分析
:
B
。因宾语从句中的时态是一般将来时,主句中的谓语动词不
可能是过去时态,
排除选项
A
和
D;
由语境判断,不是
“
< br>将要决定
”
,而是
“
现在已经决定
”
,所以排除
D
,而选
B
。
【例
3
】
—
How can I apply for an
online course?
—
Just fill out this form and
we
__________
what we can do
four you.
A.
see
B.
are seeing
C.
have seen
D.
will see
分析:
p>
D
。表示将要发生的情况,自然是用一般将来时。
< br>
【例
4
】
If
their marketing plans succeed, they
_________
their sales by 20
percent.
A.
will
increase
B.
have been
increasing
C.
have increased
D.
would be
increasing
分析:
A
p>
。由于
if
条件从句用的是一般现在时,所
以其相应的主句宜用一般将来时。
【例
5
】
Population experts predict that most
people
_________
in cities
in the near future.
A.
live
B.
would live
C.
will live
D.
have lived
分析:
C
。根据句中的
in the
near future
可知要用一般将来时。
【例
6
】
When I
talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded
weak, but by the time
we
________
up, her voice had
been full of life.
A.
were hanging
B.
had
hung
C.
hung
D.
would hang
分析:
C
。
从逻辑上说,当我在电话里和奶奶聊天时,她的声音听起来很虚弱;但到我
们要挂电话时
,她的声音又充满朝气。从逻辑上说,应该是
“
奶奶的声音又充
满朝气
”
在先,
“
我们挂断电话
”
在后,如果是反过来的话,那说话者就无法
听知道
“
奶奶的声音又充满朝气
”
p>
之回事了。
所以
“
挂断电话
”
应用一般过去时。另外,
由
于
by the time
后接的定语从句通常要
用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时,所以选项
D<
/p>
不能选。
【例
7
】
—
Ann is in
hospital.
—
Oh,
really? I
________
know. I
________
go and visit
her.
A.
didn
’t; am going
to
B.
don’t;
would
C.
don’t; will
D.
didn’t;
will
分析:
D
< br>。根据句意,在此之前说话人不知道安住院了,因此第一空用一般过去时;说
话人
打算去看她,这个动作还没发生,因此第二空用一般将来时。注意
be going t
o
与
will
表示将来的区别:表示临
时的决定,要用
be going
to
,不用
will()
。
【例
8
】
I’ll go to
the library as soon as I finish what I
______
.
A.
was doing
B.
am doing
C.
have done
D.
had been doing
分析:
B
。句意是:我一完成我做的工
作就去图书馆。由于
“
去图书馆
”
p>
用的是一般将来
时,说明要完成的工作是
“
现在
”
正在做的事情,故用现在进行时
。又如:
He is studying
architecture.
他在学习建筑。
The ambulance is carrying wounded
people to the nearest hospital.
救护车正在把受
伤的人
送到最近的医院。
一般过去时
一、
一般过去时的定义
一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。
常
与过去时
间
yesterday, this
morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last
night / year / week, once upon a
time,
the other day, in the past
等连用。如:
What did
you do yesterday?
昨天你干了什么?
I met Lin Tao this morning.
今天上午我会到了林涛。
I was
there a moment ago.
刚才我在那儿。
二、
一般过去时的应用
1.
一般过去时表示过去
(1)
表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:
He bought the computer five years ago.
这电脑是他五年前买的。
It
was then a small fishing
village
.那时它只是一个小渔村。
(2)
表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作:
We often played together when we were
children
.我们小时候常在一起玩。
注:表过去习惯性的动词,也可用
used to
或
would
:
He used to go to work by bus.
他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。
2.
一般过去时表示现在
(1)
在宾语从句中,由于时态呼应
的关系,可用一般过去时表示现在:
I didn’t
know you were here.
我不知道你在这儿
。
(were
实际上指现在
)
I didn’t know you were so busy
.我没想到你这么忙。
(were
实际上指现在
)
(2)
表示客气委婉的现在
I
wondered if you were free this evening.
不知您今晚是否有空。
I
thought you might like some flowers.
我想您也许想要些花。
注:能这样有的动词主要限于
want, wonder,
think, hope, intend
等少数动词。
(3)
用于某些特殊结构中表示现在
It’s time we started.
我们该动身了。
I wish I
knew his him.
要是我知道他的名字就好了。
I’d rather you lived closer to
us.
我希望你能住得离我们近点。
注:
该用法主要用于
it’s
time, I wish, I’d rather, if only, as if, as
though
等少数结构后接从
句的
情形,其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来:
I’d rather you come next
Monday.
我宁愿你下周星期一来。
另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在:
If I had the money now I’d buy a
car.
假若我现在有钱,我就买辆小汽车。
(from
)
三、
一般过去时对谓语动词的要求
<
/p>
一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化
p>
两种形式,
不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆,规则变化则遵循以下原则
:
(1)
一般在动词后加
-ed
。如:
play
—
played,
offer
—
offered,
weigh
—
weighed,
destroy
—
destroyed, sign
—
signed.
(2)
在以字母
e
结尾的动词后,只加
-d
。如:
like
—
liked,
provide
—
provided, hate
—
hated,
date
—
dated
。
(3)
在以
“
辅音字母
+y”
结尾的动词后,则改
y
为
i
,再加
—
ed
。如:
supply
—
supplied,
fly
—
flied,
study
—
studied. (from )
(4)
在以单短元音的重读闭音节结
尾且,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最后一
个辅音字母,再加
< br>-ed
。如:
plan
—
planned,
refer
—
referred,
regret
—
regretted,
ban
—
banned.
四、特别说明
有些动词的过去时,如:
expect, hope,
intend, plan, wanted
等一般过去时,后接不定式
的完成时;
或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式,
都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、
打算或
希望。如:
I hoped to have been invited to
his wedding party.
—
I had
hoped to be invited to his wedding
ceremony.
我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。
I intended to have joined their games.
—
I had intended to join
their games.
我本打算参加他
们的比赛。
五、典型考题(附详解)
1.
Helen
______
her keys in the
office so she had to wait until her husband
______
home.
A.
has left;
comes
B.
left; had come
C.
had left; came
D.
had left; would come
解析:答案选
C
。
leave
应发生在
had to wait
这个过去动作之前,
“
过去的过去
”<
/p>
用过去
完成时
;
后一空用一般过去时表示过去将来。
2.
—
Nancy is not coming
tonight.
—
But she
______
!
A.
promises
B.
promised
C.
will promise
D.
had promised
解析:答案选
B
。“但她曾经答应要来的”,过去的许诺,故用一般过去时。
3.
—You haven’t
said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like
it?
—I’m sorry I
______
anything
abo
ut it sooner. I certainly think it’s
pretty on you.
A.
wasn’t saying
B.
don’t say
C.
won’t say
D.
didn’t say
解析:答案选
D
。用一般过去时,指“我刚才没急于说”。
4.
All morning as she waited
for the medical report from the doctor, her
nervousness
______
.
A.
has grown
B.
is growing
C.
grew
D.
had grown
解析:
答案选
C
。
紧张伴随等的过程而产生,
应同时发生,
waited
是一般过去时,
grow
也
用一般过去时。
5.
I thought Jim would say
something about his school report, but he
______
it.
A.
doesn’t
mention
B.
hadn’t mentioned
C.
didn’t mention
D.
hasn’t
mentioned
解析:
答案选
C
。
只描述过去所发生的情况,
但没有强调对现在的影响,<
/p>
用一般过去时。
6.
I
______
while reading the
English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up
in time!
A.
had fallen
asleep
B.
have fallen
asleep
C.
fell asleep
D.
fall asleep
解析:答案选
C
。描写过去发生的情况用一般过去时。
7.
Sales of CDs have greatly
increased since the early 1990s, when people
______
to enjoy
the advantages of this new technology.
A.
begin
B.
began
C.
have begun
D.
had begun
解析:答案选
B
。
< br>when
引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,
when
p>
指
20
世纪
90<
/p>
年代初,
当然用一般过去时。
8.
—
I
hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her
holiday.
—
Oh, how nice! Do
you know when she
______
?