2-参考文献格式(APA格式)

References (in APA style papers)

In

an

APA

style

paper,

the

citation

sources

are

listed

in

References

on

a

separate

page,

which

follows the final page of the text. Entries appear alphabetically according to the last name of the

author;

two

or

more

works

by

the

same

author

are

listed

in

chronological

order

by

the

date

of

publication. All entries in the References page must correspond to the sources cited in the main

text. The writers are supposed to observe the following rules:

(1)

All

lines

after

the

first

line

of

each

entry

in

the

reference

list

should

have

one-half-inch

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

hanging indentation from the left margin.

Authors’

names are inverted (last name first). If the work has more than seven authors, list the

first six authors and then use ellipses after the sixt

h author’

s name. After the ellipses, list the

last author’

s name of the work.

Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.

If

you

have

more

than

one

article

by

the

same

author,

single-author

references

or

multiple-author references with the exact same authors in the exact same order are listed in

order by the year of publication, starting with the earliest.

All major words in journal titles are capitalized.

When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the

first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper

nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word.

Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals.

Do

not

italicize,

underline, or

put

quotes

around

the

titles

of

shorter

works

such

as

journal

articles or essays in edited collections.

1. Single-Author Book

Aitchison, J. (1987).

Words in the mind: An introduction to the mental lexicon.

Oxford: Basil

Blackwell Ltd.

Bach, K. (1987).

Thought and reference

. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

2. Book with Two or More Authors

Fodor, J., & Lepore, E. (2002).

The compositionality papers

. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hatch, E.,

& Brown, C.

(1995).

Vocabulary,

semantics, and

language

education

. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

3. An Edited Volume

Cole, P. (Ed). (1981).

Radical pragmatics.

New York: Academic Press.

4. Book without Author or Editor Listed

Webster

’

s new collegiate dictionary.

(1961). Springfield, MA: G

. & C. Merriam.

5. Secondary Resources

Sperber, D. (1994). The modularity of thought and the epistemology of representation. In L. A.

Hirschfeld, & S. A. Gelman (Eds.),

Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition

and culture

(pp.39-67)

.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

6. Journals

Barsalou, L. W. (1982). Context- independent information and context-dependent information in

concepts.

Memory & Cognition

,

10

, 82-93.

Hu, Y., Wood, J. F., Smith, V., & Westbrook, N. (2004). Friendships through IM: Examining

the relationship between instant messaging and intimacy.

Journal of Computer-Mediated

Communication

,

10

(1), 38-48.

7. Dissertation

Marunowski,

K.

R.

(2006).

The Euro: a multimodal

study

in

presence

.

Unpublished

doctoral

dissertation, Kent State University, Kent

,

Ohio.

8. An Entry in an Encyclopedia

Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In

The new encyclopedia britannica

(Vol. 26, pp. 501-508).

Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.

9. Conference Proceedings

Richardson,

J.

F.,

&

Richardson,

A.

W.

(1990).

On

predicting

pragmatic

relations.

In

Proceedings of the 16

th

Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society

,

Parasession

on the Legacy of Grice

(pp. 498-508).

Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistic Society.

10. Article in a Magazine

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today

’

s schools.

Time

, 135, 28-31.

11. Article in a Newspaper

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies.

The Country

Today

, pp. 1A, 2A.

12. Article From an Online Periodical

Bernstein,

M.

(2002).

10

tips

on

writing

the

living

Web.

A

list

apart:

For

people

who

make

websites, 149

. Retrieved from /articles/writeliving

Sample References

References

Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity.

In

The new encyclopedia britannica

(Vol. 26, pp. 501-508).

Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.

Bernstein,

M.

(2002).

10

tips

on

writing

the

living

Web.

A

list

apart:

For

people

who

make

websites, 149

. Retrieved from /articles/writeliving

Carston, R.

(1998). Informativeness, Relevance and Scalar Implicature. In R. Carston & S. Uchida

(Eds.),

Relevance

theory:

applications

and

implications

(pp.

179-236).

Amsterdam:

John

Benjamins.

Carston, R. (2002).

Thoughts and utterances: the pragmatics of explicit communication

. Oxford:

Blackwell.

Castle, G. (2007). New millennial Joyce [Review of the books

Twenty-

first Joyce, Joyce’

s critics: