-
Unit
1
Nouns:
Number,
Genitive
&
Subject-Verb
Concord(
名词的
数、格与主谓一致
)
§
1.1
复合名词的复数形式
【
1
】
有主体名词时，只需将主体名词变为复数。
a)
daughter-in-
law
daughters-in-law
b)
runner-up
runners-
up(
亚军
)
c)
looker-on
lookers-
on(
旁观者
)
d)
editor-in-
chief
editors-in-chief
【
2
】
无主体名词时，就在其词尾加上
s
。
a)
go-
between
go
betweens(
中间人
)
b)
grown-up
grown-ups
c)
stand-by
stand-
bys(
可依赖的人
)
d)
breakthrough
breakthroughs
【
3
】
数词与名词可构成复合形容词，用作定语，此时复合形容词中的名词只用单数，两
个词之间有连字符。
a-second-year student
§
1.2
名词属格
名词属格有
-
?
s
和
of-
两种表现形式，
一般
-
?
s
用于表示有生命的名词，
of-
用于表示无生命
的名词。但有时无生命名词的
属格仍可用
-
?
s
：
【
1
】
表示价值、时间、距离、重量和数量等名词。
a)
ten
cents
?
stamp
three days
?
absence
b)
a
mile
?
s distance
a ton
?
s weight
c)
a
month
?
s time
ten
minutes
?
walk
【
2
】
表示国家、大洲、海洋、江河、城镇等地理名称及天体、地区、场所等名词。
a)
Asia
?
s future
the world
?
s
population
b)
Beijing?
s weather
the
hotel
?
s entrance
c)
China
?
s
development
【
3
】
拟人化的名词。
a)
the
science?
s power
duty
?
s call
【
4
】
名词的属格也可用于表示店铺、家、建筑物。常省略后面被修饰的名词，而独立使
用；有时为了避免重复也省略后面的词。
a)
the
barber?
s
理发店
the baker
?
s
面包店
Queen
?
s
女王学院
b)
Mr
Wang
?
s
St.
Paul
?
s
圣保罗大教堂
the
tailor
?
s
服装店
c)
the gropcer
?
s
杂货店
the
stationer
?
s
文具店
【
5
】
习惯用语
a)
At
arm
?
s length
在触手可及的地方
for convenience
?
s
sake
为方便起见
b)
For
heaven
?
s sake
天呐，千万
at
bird
?
s view
鸟瞰
【
6
】
双重属格
a)
通常表示部分关系。
i.
ii.
iii.
A friend of
my father
?
s (one of my
father
?
s friends)
Some shirts of
Bob
?
s
Two
relatives of mine
b)
双重属格可用
a, any,
some
及数词等修饰
of
前面的名
词，但不能用
the
！
c)
注意双重属格和
of-
属格的不同含义。
i.
ii.
A picture of Mr Smith
史密斯先生的
照片。
（指他本人的照片）
A
picture of Mr Smith
?
s
史密斯先生的照片之一。
（指他本人的，或他收藏但不
一定是他本人的照片之一）
d)
双重属格还常用
this, that, those,
no, any
等修饰
of
前的名词，
以表示说话人爱恨褒
贬等感情色彩。
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
§
1.3
主谓一致
指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系。
【
1
】
语法一致（
Grammatical
Concord
）
根据语法形式确定谓语形式。
I
love this painting of yours.
Go and
wash those dirty shoes of yours.
This
is no fault of Mr Brown
?
s.
Any idea of yours will be seriously
considered.
He who cheats on exams will
be kicked out of the school.
There come
two buses.
主语是单数，后跟如下修饰语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Accompanied by
along with
As well as
besides
But
combined with
Except
in
addition to
The actress, along with her manager and
some friends, is going to a party tonight.
The bus driver as well as several
passengers has survived the accident.
※注意：
one of those
who/that+(pl.)
the only one of those
who/that+(sing.)
I was one of those
persons who were luckily interviewed by the
director himself.
She is the only one
of those girls who likes football in our class.
【
2
】
意义一致（
Notional
Concord
）
1.
集体名词表整体时，谓语用单数；如表成员则用复数。
常用的有：
army,
audience,
board,
class,
club,
committee,
company,
crowd,
couple,
enemy, family, firm, flock, gang,
government, group, jury, party, personnel, public,
staff,
team, troop, organization,
union
等。
a)
Our team is
sure to win the game.
b)
The team are driving to the game in
their own cars.
队员们自己驾车来参加比赛。
c)
The committee
consists of 12 members.
d)
The committee
haven
?
t reached any
agreement yet.
委员们还没有达成一致意见。
2.
有些集合名词形式上是单数，而意义上是复数。
常见的由：
people,
police,
folk,
mankind,
clergy,
youth,
militia,
cattle,
poultry,
crew,
vermin
等。
Including
like
Unlike
no
less than
With
together with
Rather than