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考研英语(阅读)
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试卷
21
(
总分:
60.00
,做题时间:
90
分钟
)
一、
Reading Comprehensio(
总题数:
6
,分数:
60.00)
1.
Section II Reading
Comprehension
(分数:
10.00
)
_____________________
__________________________________________________
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2.
Part
ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer
the questions below each text by
choosing A, B, C or D.
(分数:
p>
10.00
)
_
__________________________________________________
_______________________________________
The US $$ 3 -million Fundamental Physics
Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as
Alexander
Polyakov said when he
accepted this year
its type. As a News
Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of
lucrative awards for
researchers
have
joined
the
Nobel
Prizes
in
recent
years.
Many,
like
the
Fundamental
Physics
Prize,
are funded from the
telephone-number -sized bank accounts of Internet
entrepreneurs. These
benefactors have
succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and
they want to use their wealth
to
draw
attention
to
those
who
have
succeeded
in
science.
What
not
to
like?
Quite
a
lot,
according
to a handful of scientists quoted in
the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old
saying
goes, and these upstart
entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige
of the Nobels. The
new awards are an
exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,
say scientists. They could
distort the
achievement-based system of peer-review-led
research. They could cement the status
quo
of
peer-
reviewed
research.
They
do
not
fund
peer-reviewed
research.
They
perpetuate
the
myth
of the
lone genius. The goals of the prize-givers seem as
scattered as the criticism. Some want
to
shock,
others
to
draw
people
into
science,
or
to
better
reward
those
who
have
made
their
careers
in
research.
As
Nature
has
pointed
out
before,
there
are
some
legitimate
concerns
about
how
science
prizes
—
both
new
and
old
—
are
distributed.
The
Breakthrough
Prize
in
Life
Sciences,
launched
this
year,
takes
an
unrepresentative
view
of
what
the
life
sciences
include.
But
the
Nobel
Foundation
s
limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom
must still be living, has long been outgrown
by the collaborative nature of modern
research
—
as will be
demonstrated by the inevitable row
over
who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the
discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels
were, of course, themselves set up by a
very rich individual who had decided what he
wanted to
do with his own money. Time,
rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.
As much as some
scientists
may
complain
about
the
new
awards,
two
things
seem
clear.
First,
most
researchers
would
accept such a prize if
they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good
thing that the money
and attention
come to science rather than
go
elsewhere.
It
is
fair to criticize
and
question
the
mechanism
—
that is
the culture of research, after
all
—
but it is the prize-
givers
with as they please. It is wise
to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
(分数:
10.00
)
(1).The Fundamental Physics Prize is
seen as
(分数:
2.00
)<
/p>
A.a symbol of
the entrepreneurs
B.a
possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.
example of
bankers
D.a handsome reward
for researchers.
(2).The critics think
that the new awards will most benefit
(分
数:
2.00
)
profit-oriented
scientists.
founders of
the new awards.
achievement-based system.
-review-led research.
(3).The discovery of the Higgs boson is
a typical case which involves
(分数:
2.00
)
versies over the
recipients
答案见麦多课文库
joint effort of modern
researchers.
mate concerns
over the new prizes.
demonstration of research findings.
(4).According to Paragraph 4, which of
the following is true of the Nobels?
(分数
:
2.00
)
endurance has done justice
to them.
legitimacy has
long been in dispute.
are
the most representative honor.
y has never cast doubt on them.
(5).The author believes that the new
awards are
(分数:
2.00
)
able despite
the criticism.
l to the
culture of research.
t to
undesirable changes.
hy of
public attention.
The mythology of a
culture can provide some vital insights into the
beliefs and values of that
culture.
By
using
fantastic
and
sometimes
incredible
stories
to
create
an
oral
tradition
by
which
to
explain the wonders of the natural world and teach
lessons to younger generations, a society
exposes those ideas and concepts held
most important. Just as important as the final
lesson to
be gathered from the stories,
however, are the characters and the roles they
play in conveying
that message. Perhaps
the epitome of mythology and its use as a tool to
pass on cultural values
can
be
found
in
Aesop
Fables,
told
and
retold
during
the
era
of
the
Greek
Empire.
Aesop,
a
slave
who
won
the
favor
of
the
court
through
his
imaginative
and
descriptive
tales,
almost
exclusively
used animals to fill the roles in his
short stories. Humans, when at all present, almost
always
played the part of bumbling
fools struggling to learn the lesson being
presented. This choice
of
characterization allows us to see that the Greeks
placed wisdom on a level slightly beyond
humans,
implying
that
deep
wisdom
and
understanding
is
a
universal
quality
sought
by,
rather
than
stealing from, human beings.
Aesop
self-reliance, reflecting the
importance of those traits in early Greek society.
The folly of
humans
was
used
to
contrast
against
the
ultimate
goal
of
attaining
a
higher
level
of
understanding
and
awareness of
truths
about
nature
and
humanity. For example,
one
notable fable
features a
fox
repeatedly
trying
to
reach
a
bunch
of
grapes
on
a
very
high
vine.
After
failing
at
several
attempts,
the
fox
gives
up,
making
up
its
mind
that
the
grapes
were
probably
sour
anyway.
The
fable
lesson,
that
we often play down that which we can
the
reader or listener in an entertaining way about
one of the weaknesses of the human psyche.
The mythology of other cultures and
societies reveal the underlying traits of their
respective
cultures just as
Aesop
all
served
to
train
ancient
generations
those
lessons
considered
most
important
to
their
community,
and today they offer a powerful looking
glass by which to evaluate and consider the
contextual
environment in which those
culture existed.
(分数:
10.00
)
(1).The author
appears to view fables as
(分数:
2.00
)
most interesting and valuable form of
mythology.
aining yet
serious subjects of study.
C.a remnant tool of past civilizations,
but not often used in the modern age.
primary method by which ancient values
and ideas were transmitted between generations.
(2).The way that fables were used in
the past is most similar to today
(分数:
p>
2.00
)
tales that entertain children at home.
s in children
e documentaries that explain how nature
works.
that depict animals
as having human characteristics.
(3).The main purpose of Paragraph 3 is
to
(分数:
2.00
)
答案见麦多课文库
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