-
博士英语考试要点总结
(
完美版
)
整合
博士英语复习资料
分数组成:卷面
80
分
+
出勤
10
分
+
口试
10
分
卷面:一
.
听力选择(放
2
遍)
:
1
分
*10=10
分
二
. <
/p>
给出后缀,要求写出它的意思,并以此后缀造词并
写出中文意思:
分
*10=5
分
三、单复数的变化
四
.
选择
正确的解释并将所选选项翻译成中文(神经系
统、消化系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统、药
理)<
/p>
:本题出自各章课后习题
Multiple choice
部分:
1
分
*10=
10
分
五
. 2
段英翻中(医学科普)
:
5
分
*2=10<
/p>
分
2
段中翻英(一般为中医)
:内容包括证、病
机、症状、
治则的翻译
,
书中以肺为例
,考试中可
以变为脾等脏。详见《博士生医学英语教材》中的
IX
、<
/p>
X
、
XI
:
p>
10
分
*2=20
分
六
.
给一段中文科普文章,
翻译成
80
字左右的英文摘要
< br>
七
.
作文:
Economic Growth and
Environment(80
字
)
A4
纸手写、不能从网上下,夹在卷子里:
10
分
一.复数形式(教科书
P42~43
)
1
/
29
Ampulla
—
Ampullae
尾突(另有一意思为壶腹)
Corona
—
Coronae
冠状
Vertebra
—
Vertebrae
脊椎
Bronchus
—
Bronchi
支气管
Capillus
—
Capili
毛发
Fungus
—
Fungi
真菌
Omphalos
—
Omphali
脐
Genus
—
Genera
属
Stercus
—
Stercora
粪
Gonad
—
Gonades
性腺
Testis
—
Testes
睾丸
<
/p>
Diagnosis
—
Diagnose
s
诊断
Psychosis
—
Psychos
es
精神病
Epididymis
—
Epididymides
附睾
Thorax
—
Thoraces
胸部
<
/p>
Appendix
—
Appendice
s
阑尾
Pollex
—
Pollices
拇指
Meninx
—
Meninges
脑脊膜
Caries
—
Caries
龋齿
Derma
—
Dermata
真皮,皮肤
Sarcoma
—
Sarcomata
肉瘤
Stoma
—
Stomata
口
p>
Flagellum
—
Flagella
鞭毛
2
/
29
Labium
—
Labia
唇
p>
Protozoon
—
Protozoa
原生动物
p>
格
(
p17~p20
)
及课后练习题
I
的所有单词。
p>
笔者按后缀
相关性顺序排列单词,旨在提供一种相对好记的方法,可
结
合书内表格记忆。
形容词性后缀:
心脏的(
-ac
:
pertaining
to
)
支气管的
先天的
髂的
舌下的
扁桃体的
目的
HEPA
肝的
传染的
食道的
喉的
睫状的
粘液
的
纤维性的
(-ous:
containing)
分泌脂质的
(-ous:
secreting)
囊样的(
-oid:
resembling
)
腺样的
名词性后缀:
肉瘤
(-oma: tumor)
脑
瘤
HEPA
肝
炎
(-itis:
inflammation)
胃炎
心包炎
喉炎
切牙<
/p>
(
-or
:
re
fers to a doer, person or
3
/
29
thing
)
ASPIRA
抽吸
(<
/p>
-or
:
that
which
)
心
p>
包
(
-ium
:<
/p>
a
part
related
to
a
whole
)
上
腹
部
贫血
(
-ia:
condition
)
恐惧症
营养
不良
脾肿大
栓塞(
-ism: condition, usually
the
result
of
a
prior
condition
)
脓毒病
(
-sis
:
condition)
硬
化
(-osis:
abnormal
condition)
皮肤病
动脉硬化(
-sclerosis:
a
hardening
)
骨软化
(
-malacia
:
softening
)
动脉狭窄(
-stenosis:
a narrowing
)
杀菌剂(
-e
:
that
which
)
解毒剂
验眼镜
(-e:
instrument)
验眼镜
(-scope:
instrument
for
viewing)
膀胱镜
(-scopy:
examination)
p>
温度计(
-meter
:
< br>
instruments
for
measuring
)
骨
盆测量(
-metry
:
measurement
)
关节刀
(-tome:
instrument for cutting)
关节痛
(
-algia:
pain
)
心
痛
泄泻<
/p>
(
-rrhea
:
flow
,
discharge
)
胃出血
(
-rrhagia
:
excessive
flow
)
足医学
(-iatry
:
branch
of
medicine)
老年学
眼病(
-pathy:
disease
)
药理学(
-logy:
process
of
studying
)
泌尿科医生(
-logist:
one
who
specializes in
)
牙医
(同上)
儿
科医生
肝破裂(
-rrhrxis:
rupture
)
疝缝合术
(-rrhaphy:
suturing)
肝固定术
(-pexy:
fixing
by
suturing)
骨成
4
/
29
形术(
-plasty:
surgical repair
)
颅骨切开术(
-tomy
:
incision
)
阑尾切除术
(
-ectomy
:
cutting
off
)
扁桃体切除术
胃造口
术
(
-stomy
:
making an opening into or a connection
between
)
吻合术
(
同上
)
白细胞(
-cyte:
cell
)
细胞缺乏症
(
-penia
:
deficiency
)
原
始
p>
血
细
胞
(
-blast
:
a
cell
that
is
primitive
)
溶血(
-lysis:
dissolution
)
支气管灌洗术(
< br>-clysis
:
washing
)
制菌
(-stasis: halting)
肾下垂
(
-ptosis: a
falling
)
肾
盂扩张(
-ectasia:
dilatation
)
-plegia
:
stroke
)
心电图描
记
(-graphy
:
process
of
recording)
甲状腺肿
(-cele:
hernia)
羊膜穿刺术
(-centesis
:
< br>surgical puncture to withdraw fluid)
关于各大系统相关单词总结:本部
分需结合书中题目记
忆,笔者这里只做正确选项的标注翻译
The Nervous
System
(
Exercise III
、
VII
)
:
dendrites
树突
axon
轴突
convergence
收敛性
microglia
小胶质细胞
Exercise
VII
:
1.
c
apraxia
失
用
2.
d
apoplexy
中
风
3.
b
embolism
栓塞
4. a
coma
昏迷
5.
b
grand
mal
癫痫大发作
6.
c
hydrocephalus
5
/
29
脑积水
7. d
hypertension
高血压
8.
b
myasthenia
gravis
重症肌无力
9.
c
multiple
sclerosis
多发性硬化
10.
b
shingles
带状疱疹
11.
a
spina bifida
脊柱裂
12.
b
subdural
hematoma
硬
膜
下
血
肿
13.
c
ischemia
缺血
14.
a
gliomas
神经胶质瘤
15.
c
metastasis
转
移
CARDIOV
ASCULAR
SYSTEM(Exercise
VI):9
、
10
划
< br>掉
1. a
heart block
心脏传导阻滞
2. c
pericarditis
心包
炎
3.
d
tachycardia
心动过速
4. b
myocardial infarction
心梗
5. d
hypertension
高
血压
6.
b
aneurysm
动脉瘤
7.
b
murmur
杂音
8.
b
atherosclerosis
动脉粥样硬化
9.
10.
11.
a
pernicious
anemia
恶性贫血
12.
a
infectious
mononucleosis
传单
13. c
varicose
veins
静脉曲张
14.
b
sickle
cell
anemia
镰
状
细
胞
性
贫
血
15.
c
hemophilia
血友病
16. c
leukemia
白血病
THE
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
(Exercise
V):
1.
b
dyspnea
呼吸困难
2. c
Cheyne-
Stokes
潮式呼吸
3. b
pertussis
百日咳
4. d
hyaline
membrane disease
新生儿呼吸窘迫综合
6
/
29
症
5.
a
atelectasis
肺不张
6.
c
tuberbulosis
肺结核
7.
a
silicosis
矽肺
8.
c
emphysema
肺气肿
9.
b
pleurisy
胸膜炎
10. a
aspiration
抽胸水
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Exercise VI) 1. b
cold sore
单
纯
性
疱
疹
2.
d
leukoplakia
粘
膜
白
斑
3.
c
intussusception
肠套叠
4. b
diverticula
憩室
5. a
melena
黑便
6.
b
serum
hepatitis
乙肝
7.
a
cirrhosis
肝硬化
8.
c
neoplasm
肝囊肿
9. b
ascites
腹水
<
/p>
三.选择(注:此处为避免混淆,只记录正确答案,剩
余选项忽略
不计)
神经系统
1.
The
afferent
processes
of
nerve
cells
are
the:
dendrites
树突
[?dendrait]
2.
Those
processes
that
conduct
impulses
away
from
neurons
are the: axons
轴突
[??ks?n]
3.
The
transmission
of
impulses
by
many
neurons
to
a
single neuron is known as: convergence
会聚
4. Which of
the
following
supportive
nerve
cells
act
as
phagocytes:
microglia
小胶质细胞
phagocyte
[?f?
ɡ?usait]
吞噬细胞
5.
Which
of
the
following
is
not
considered
part
of
the
7
/
29
central
nervous
system?
nerves
originating
from
the
brain
and
the
spinal
cord
脑和脊髓发出的神经
6.
The
inability
to
perform certain body movements is known
as: apraxia
失用症
Apraxia [??pr?ksi?]
失用
;
精神性运动不能
7.
The
medical
word
for
stroke
is:
apoplexy
脑卒中
[??p?pleksi] -plexy
发作
,
中
8.
A
blood
clot
that
leaves
its
original
site
and
blocks
an
artery
is called: embolism
栓塞
9. An abnormal
deep sleep is called: coma
昏迷
[?k?um?]
10. The more
serious form of epileptic seizure is referred to
as: grand mal
癫痫大发作
epileptic seizure
[.epi’leptik]
[‘si:??]
n.
癫痫发作
11.
The
medical
word
for
an
excessive
amount
of
cerebrospinal
fluid
in
the
ventricles
of
the
brain
is:
hydrocephalus
脑积水
Cerebrospinal
[.seribr?u’
spain?l] adj
脑脊髓的的
12. A sympathectomy is
performed to relive: hypertension
高血压
sympathectomy
[?simp??θekt?mi]
交感神经阻断术
13.
A
general
feeling
of
muscular
weakness
and
fatigue
resulting
from a lack of acetylcholine:
myasthenia
gravis
重
症
< br>肌
无
力
myasthenia
8
/
29
[mai?s?θi?ni?]
肌无力
gravis
< br>重的
,
剧烈的
acetylch
oline
[??si?t?l?k?ulin]
乙酰胆碱
14. A condition in which the myelin
coverings of the brain
and
spinal
cord
are
destroyed
and
the
gray
and
white
matters
become hard:
multiple sclerosis
多发性硬化
spinal cord
n.
脊髓
15.
A
viral
infection
characterized
by
blisterlike
sores
on
the skin: shingles
[??i?g?l]
带状疱疹
Blisterlike
像水泡样
16.
A
congenital
defect
characterized
by
a
protruding
sac
containing
cerebrospinal
fluid:
spina
bifida
脊柱裂
congenital
defect
先天性缺陷
protrude
[pr??tru:d]
vi.
突出
sac
[s?k]
囊
cerebrospinal
fluid
脑脊液
17.
A
blood
clot
originating
in
one
of
the
membranes
covering
the
brain:
subdural
hematoma
硬膜下血肿
subdural
n.
硬膜下的
hematoma
[?hi?m??t?um?]
血肿
18. The medical
word indicating the obstruction of a blood
vessel: ischemia
缺血
19. Malignant tumors originating from
the supportive nerve
cells:
gliomas
神经胶质瘤
[
ɡlai??um?]
malignant
tumors
恶
性肿瘤
20.
The
medical
word
indicating
the
spread
of
malignant
9
/
29
tumors to other areas of
the body: metastasis
转移
[m??t?st?sis]
心血管系统
1. The obstruction of
electrical impulses
moving from the
atria to the ventricles is called:
heart block
心传导阻滞
atria
房
,
前房
ventricle
[?ventrikl]
脑室
;
室
2. Inflammation of the sac surrounding
the heart is known
as: pericarditis
心包炎
[?perik
ɑ??daitis]
3.
A
type
of
arrhythmia:
A
V
block,
房
室
< br>传
导
阻
滞
tachycardia
心动过速
tachy-
速
,
快速
4.
Necrosis
of
an
area
of
heart
tissue
due
to
insufficient
blood
supply:
myocardial
infraction
心
肌
梗
死
necrosis
[ne?kr?usis]
坏
死
myocardial
[?mai?u?k
ɑ?di
?l]
心肌的
myo-
肌
5. The medical term for
high blood pressure: hypertension
高血压
6.
The
ballooning
of
a
blood
vessel:
aneurysm
动脉瘤
aneurysm
[??nj?r?z(?)m]
动脉瘤
7. Abnormal heart sound resulting from
incompetent heart
valves: murmur
心脏杂音
heart valve
心脏瓣膜
8. Abnormal condition in which fatty
plaques adhere to the
walls
of
a
blood
vessel:
atherosclerosis
动
脉
粥
样
硬
化
10
/
29
fatty plaque
脂肪斑块
11.
The
type
of
anemia
brought
on
by
absence
of
an
intrinsic
factor
necessary
for
the
absorption
of
vitamin
B12:
pernicious
anemia
恶
性
贫
血
pernicious
[p???ni??s]
恶性的
12.
A
viral
infection
characterized
by
enlarged
lymph
glands, sore throat, fever, and
fatigue: infectious mononucleosis
传染性单核细胞增多症
enlarged
lymph
gland
淋
巴
结
肿
大
mononucleosis
[?m?n?unju?kli??usis
]
单核白细胞增多症
13. Abnormal enlarging and
twisting of leg veins: varicose
veins
静脉曲张
varicose
[?v?rik?us]
曲张的
14. A type of
anemia in which the erythrocytes change their
shape
at
low
oxygen
levels:
sickle
cell
anemia
镰形红细胞贫
血
erythrocyte
[i?riθr?usait]
红细
胞
;
红血细胞
15.
Hereditary
bleeding
disease
affecting
only
male
offspring: hemophilia
血友病
hereditary
[hi?redit?ri]
a.
遗传的,遗传性的;
offspring
[??f?spri?]
n.
子女,子孙,后代
16.
A
form
of
cancer
in
which
there
is
an
uncontrolled
increase of
white blood cells: leukemia
白血病
呼吸系统
11
/
29
1.
Labored
breathing:
dyspnea
呼
吸
困
难
-pnea
呼吸
apnea
呼吸暂停
2.
Hyperpnea
followed
by
apnea: Cheyne-Stokes
陈
-
施呼吸(潮式呼吸)
3. An
infectious disease that produces a proximal
whooping
type of coughs: pertussis
pertussis
[p?’t?sis]
百日咳
proximal
接近的
,
邻
近的
4. A respiratory disease affecting the
newborn in which the
alveoli are
covered with a thick
membrane: hyaline
membrane
disease
肺透明膜病(新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征)
hyaline
透明的
,
玻
璃样的
5.
Collapse
of
lungs:
atelectasis
肺
不
张
atel-
发育不全
-ectasis
扩张
,
膨胀
6. An
infectious disease of the lungs in which the
bacteria
become encapsulated:
tuberculosis
结核
TB
[tju:.b?:kju’l?usis]
7.
An
example
of
a
pneumoconiosis:
silicosis
矽
肺
pneumo-
肺回戏
,
空
气
coni
(
单
conus)
圆锥
,
锥体
-osis
病
8.
A
condition
in
which
lung
tissues
swell
and
lose
their
elasticity:
emphysema
[.emfi’si:m?]
肺气肿
elasticity
弹
性
emphy
肺气肿
9.
Inflammation
of
the
serous
membrane
covering the lungs
and thoracic cavity: pleurisy
胸膜炎
serous
12
/
29
[?si?r?s]
血清的
thoracic cavity
胸腔
9. Process of removing
fluid from pleural cavity: aspiration
抽吸
pleural cavity
胸膜腔
[‘pl
ur?]
消化系统
1. A virus, herpes simplex, causes a
blister to erupt on the
mucous membrane
lining of the mouth: cold sore
唇疱疹
blister
n.
水疱
,
mucous membrane
n.
粘膜
2. Inflamed patches of
mucous membrane that can become
malignant: leukoplakia [lu:k?
’pleiki?]
粘膜白斑
3. The invagination of one
portion of intestine into another:
intussusceptions
[.int?ss?’sep??n]
肠套叠
invagination
内陷
intestine
n.
肠
intestinal
肠的
,
在肠
内的
4. Pouches that form on the intestinal
wall:
diverticula
肠憩
室
pouch
n.
小袋
5. Bloody stools: melena
[m?’li:n?]
黑便
6.
A
form
of
liver
disease
caused
by
a
blood
transfusion
with
contaminated
blood:
serum
hepatitis
血
清
性
肝
炎
serum
血清
7.
Scarred
condition
of
the
liver
that
results
in
impeded
circulation
of
blood:
cirrhosis
[si’r?usis]
肝硬化
impede
vt.
阻碍,妨碍,阻止
8. The
development of new but abnormal tissue: neoplasm
13
/
29
肿瘤
[‘ni:?upl?z?m]
plasm
浆
,
原生质
,
形成物质
9. The buildup of excessive fluid in
the peritoneal cavity:
ascites
腹水
[?’saitiz]
peritoneal
[,perit?’ni:?l] n.
腹膜的
peritoneal cavity
腹膜
腔
buildup
积累
,
聚集
,
增长
,
增加
药理:
Antitussives are drugs that
suppress coughing.[.?nti’t?siv] n.
止
咳
药
, <
/p>
镇
咳
药
adj.
镇
咳
的
tussive
adj.
咳
嗽
的
Antispasmodic
drugs
are
used
to
relieve
bronchial
spasms.
[?ntisp?
z’mɑdik]
解痉药
spasm
n.
痉挛;突发一阵
spasmodic
痉挛
(
性<
/p>
)
的
,
间歇
p>
的
antispasmodic
adj.
止痉挛的
n.
镇痉药
中枢系统药物
Stimulants
stimulant
[?stimjul?nt]
increase
CNS
activity
兴
奋
药
Depressants
depressant
[di’pr
es?nt]
decrease
CNS
activity
抑
制
药
Analgesics
analgesic
[??n?l?d?i:zik]
a
substance
that
reduces
pain
止痛药
Hypnotics
hypnotic
[hip’n?tik]
drugs
that
produce
sleep
hyp-
在
?
下
安
眠
药
Sedatives
sedative
[?sed?tiv]
has
a
calming,tranquilizing
effect
镇静药
Barbiturates
14
/
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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