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(完整word)第2章 汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程 陈宏薇)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-03-01 06:14
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2021年3月1日发(作者:烘托)


“文化”



culture



物质文化(


material culture




制度文化(


institutional culture




心理文化(也称观 念文化)



mental culture




咖啡(

< p>
coffee





巧克力(


chocolate


< p>



色拉(


salad< /p>





三明治(


sandwich





歇斯底里(


hysteria





休克(


shock




< br>基因(


gene



< p>


钙(


calcium





维他命(


vitamin





奥林匹克(


Olympic





雷达(


radar





先令(


shilling





夹克(


jacket




电视(


television





激光(


laser





飞机(


aeroplane





火车(


tra in





交 响乐(


symphony





基督徒(


Christian





面包(


bread




< p>
盲文(


brail



、< /p>



圣诞老人(


Santa Claus




圣经(


Bible



< p>


马海毛(


mahair





贝雷帽(


beret




< br>革命(


revolution




、营养(


nourish


< p>



解放(


libera te





民 主(


democracy





科学(


science





独裁(


dictatorship




< /p>


心理学(


psychology





形而上学(


me taphysics




< p>
图书馆(


library





想象(


imagination





暗示(


hint





投资(


investment




磁卡电话(


card phone




立交桥(


overpass



、< /p>



隐形眼镜(


contact lenses




< br>下拉菜单(


pulldown





软驱(


floppy drive





光驱(


CD drive




鼠标(


mouse



< p>


电脑(


computer





内存条(


RAM chip





复印机(


xerox machine





安乐死(


euthanasia




艾滋病(


AIDS

< p>




香波(

< p>
shampoo





连锁店(


chain store





热狗(


hot dog





自助餐(


buffet



< p>


牛仔服(


cowboy suit





T


恤衫(


T-shirt




意合


(parataxis)


隐性


(covertness)


显性


(overtness)


形合


(hypotaxis)


伦理


(ethics)


认知


(cognition)



顺其自然


(Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency)




听其自然


(leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is)




听天安命


(accept the situation)




听天由命


(be at the mercy of nature; be left to God's mercy; let fate have its way; submit the


will of Heaven; wait for one's fate)






individualism




不管别人怎样做)只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为;我行我素



个体主义”





整体


(integrity)


综合性


(synthetic)


个体


(individuality)




分析性


(analytic)



直觉


(intuition)


实证


(evidence)



天人合一”


(The Unity of Man and Heaven





形象思维


(figurative thinking)


逻辑思维


(logical thinking)




表象


(presentation)


天亮


(daybreak; dawn


明枪易躲,暗箭难防



(It is easy to dodge a spear thrust in the open, but difficult to guard


against an arrow shot from hiding)



脚踩两只船


(


比喻因为对事物认识不清或存心投机取巧而跟 两方面都保持联系,



straddle


two boats; have a foot in either camp)




脚踏实地



(have a down-to-earth manner)




胆小如鼠



(as timid as a mouse; chicken-hearted)




顶天立地



(dauntless; of gigantic stature; of indomitable spirit; giant)




调虎离山



(1ure the tiger out of the mountains; lure the enemy away from his base)


、丢盔弃




(throw away everything in headlong flight)




哭笑不得


(


形容处境尴尬,


不知如何是好,


not know whether to laugh or to cry; find sth. both


funny and annoying)




枯木逢春


(


比喻重获生机,


get a new lease of life)




居 高临下


(


处在高处,


俯视下面,


形容处于有利的地位,



occupy a commanding position)



蒙在鼓里



(be kept in the dark)


。英美人也用具 体形象词语比喻抽象的事物,但常常喜欢用抽


象名词指代具体事物。


棍子



stick)






wok


汉藏语系



(Sino- Tibetan Family


印欧语系



(Indo-European Family)



文字



(script)


书面语言



(system of writing


表意文字



(ideographic script


音节文字



(ideographic-oriented syllabic script)




(character




(word


偏旁部首



(radical


语素



(morpheme)


拼音文字


(alphabetic script



象形字



(pictagraph


指事字



(indicative character


会意字



(associative character


形声字



(morpheme-phonetic character





音素



(phoneme


韵母



(final


声母



(initial


元音



(vowel


辅音



(consonant)



汉语拼音字母



(pinyin


国际音标



(international transcription


声调语言



(tonal language


重读音节



(stressed syllable


语调语言



(intonation language


第一音节



(scholar, family


倒数第三个音节



(psychology


主重音



(primary stress


次重音



(secondary stress) (magazine


双重音



(double stress)


实词



(content words


虚词



(form words



音节文字



(ideographic-oriented syllabic script)


拼音文字



(alphabetic script


合成法



(compounding


缀合法



(affixation)


音变法



(sound-changing


缩略法



(abbreviation


重叠法



(reduplication


转换法



(conversion


逆构词法



(back- formation


截短法



(clipping





超短波




ultrashort waves


超短裙



Miniskirt


超标准



Superstandard


超语言符号



extralinguistic signs


超代数



Hyperalgebra


超大气压



Overpressure


超高频



ultra-high frequency





命根子



(lifeblood


胖子



(fatty


矮子



Shorty


垫叶子



cushion, mat


掸子



(duster


骗子



(swindler)






doom (n.


毁灭、末日



deem (v.


认为


)



house (n.


房屋



house (v.


留宿


)






北大



Beida (Peking University)


清华



Tsinghua (Tsinghua University


央视



CCTV (Central China Television Station


华中师大



CCNU (Central China Normal University


安琪儿



(angel


桑巴



(samba


马拉松



(marathon


扑克



(poker


幽默



(humour


卡路里



(calorie)


康乃馨



(carnation)


篮球



(basketball


交响乐



(symphony


工会



(trade union


智商



(IQ)


冰淇淋



(ice cream


咖哩粉



(curry


汉堡包



(hamburger)


爵士乐



(jazz


绷带



(bandage


嘉年华会



(carnival





litchi (


荔枝



loquat (


枇杷



kaoliang (


高粱



jiaozi (


饺子



ginseng (


人参



sampan (


舢板



kowtow (


叩头



kung fu (


功夫



makjong (


麻将



mu (




yuan (




jin (




panda (


熊猫



moon cake (


月饼



China rose (


月季



mandarin duck (


鸳鸯



tael (


银两



empty word (


虚词



gold fish (


金鱼



Peking Opera (


京剧



brick tea (


砖茶





医生(仔仔细细)给病人作了检查。



The doctor examined the patient very, very carefully.



一眼望去,


(疏疏的)林,


(淡淡的)月,衬着蔚蓝的天,颇像荒江野渡光景;……



As one looked into the distance, the sparse trees and pale moon set off by the blue sky offered


a view like that at a deserted ferry on a desolate river




(

朱自清《桨声灯影里的秦淮河》


,胡士光译


)


他很听话,我的话(句句)听。



He was very obedient and always did as I told him.


“句句”在这里强调“听话”的程度,用“


always did as I told him


”译出了原文强调的


程度。


< /p>


警察监视着犯罪嫌疑人的


(


一举一动


)




The police kept close watch on the man under suspicion.


“一举一动”在下例中,便换了一种译法。


< br>我们是新雇员,得注意自己的


(


一举一动


)




As new employees we must be careful about what we do.




果品



fresh and dried fruits





strawberry (


草莓



blackberry (


黑莓



blueberry (


蓝莓



raspberry (


钩子



holly berries (


泡叶栒子



模糊词



(fuzzy words


中国古代气论



(theory of vitality


元气




primordial Qi


气虚




Qi deficiency





做家务



do the housework



do the house chore


做大扫除



do general cleaning


扫地



洗碗



洗衣服



擦玻璃



做饭



擦皮鞋



倒垃圾



sweep the floor



do the dishes



wash clothes



clean glasses



cook meals



shine leather shoes



dump rubbish





搽药



apply lotion (or ointment)


搽粉



powder one's face


搽雪花膏



put on vanishing cream





(1)


探春笑道:“只恐又是你的 杜撰。”宝玉笑道:“除《四书》外,杜撰的太多,


偏只我是杜撰不成

< br>?





You're


making


that


up,


I'm


afraid,




teased


Tan


Chun.



Most


works,


apart


from


the


FOUR BOOKS, are made up; am I the only one who made things up?



he retorted with a grin.


(


杨宪益、戴乃迭译


)




(2)


贾母笑道:“你不认得他,他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿,南省俗谓作


‘辣子’ ,你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。”




You don't know her,



said Grandmother Jia merrily.



She's a holy terror this one. What


we used to call in Nanking a



peppercorn



. You just call her



Peppercorn Feng



. She'll know


who you mean!



(David Hawkes



)


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