新GRE阅读真题全集OG-1

新

GRE

阅读真题全集

OG-1

The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due

in great measure to the inter

act

ion between two ecologically synchronized groups of

these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The

interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general

improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were

improved far more than others.

The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchersand

increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention

—

that aspect of mind carrying

consciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive,

freefloating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation. The range through these

states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory

systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more

vigorous levels, sensitivity to novelty is increased. The organism is more awake, more

vigilant; this increased vigilance results in the apprehension of ever more subtle

signals as the organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings. The processes

of arousal and concentration give attention its direction. Arousal is at first general, with

a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is channeled.

Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images. One meaning of

intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information

are used in the context of previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to

the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends and purposes.

The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to

produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop

different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing. Although in both kinds of

animal, arousal stimulates the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by the

adrenal glands, the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the

effect is primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead.

Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it, but the animal does

experience something like it. The predator is searchingly aggressive, innerdirected,

tuned by the nervous system and the adrenal hormones, but aware in a sense closer

to human consciousness than, say, a hungry lizard’s instinctive snap at a passing

beetle. Using past events as a framework, the large mammal predator is working out a

relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and

distant sounds

—

and yesterday’s unforgotten lessons. The herbivore prey is of a

different mind. Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of general

expectancy instead of anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquillity over an explosive

endocrine system.

6. The author refers to a hungry lizard (line 31) primarily in order to

A. demonstrate the similarity between the hunting methods of mammals and those of

nonmammals

B. broaden the application of the argument by including an insectivore as an example

C. make a distinction between higher and lower levels of consciousness

D. provide an additional illustration of the brutality characteristic of predators E. offer

an objection to suggestions that all animals lack consciousness line

7. It can be inferred from the passage that in animals less intelligent than the

mammals discussed in the passage

A. past experience is less helpful in ensuring survival

B. attention is more highly focused

C. muscular coordination is less highly developed

D. there is less need for competition among species

E. environment is more important in establishing the proper ratio of prey to predator

8. According to the passage, improvement in brain function among early large

mammals resulted primarily from which of the following?

A. Interplay of predator and prey

B. Persistence of free-floating awareness in animals of the grasslands

C. Gradual dominance of warm-blooded mammals over cold-blooded reptiles

D. Interaction of early large mammals with less intelligent species

E. Improvement of the capacity for memory among herbivores and carnivores

9. According to the passage, as the process of arousal in an organism continues, all of

the following may occur EXCEPT A. the production of adrenaline

B. the production of norepinephrine

C. a heightening of sensitivity to stimuli

D. an increase in selectivity with respect to stimuli

E. an expansion of the range of states mediated by the brain stem

松开的记忆，飘落的莫名的尘埃，像起伏的微风，拂过脑海， 留下一份情愁。一条街，没有那些人，那些身影，却能来回徘徊穿梭。街，行走时，纵然漫长，漫长，有时只为听 一颗流动的心的呓语。沉默，倔

强，回望，忘记，记住，一切像断了的弦，有时希望生活 简单就好，有时却又莫名的颓废其中。

有些路，只能一个人走；有些事，只能一个人去经历。粗读加 缪、萨特的存在主义，它告诉我，人就是非理性的存在。光秃秃的枝桠、清寂的清晨、流动的阳光，飘落于心，或 快意，或寂寥，映照心境，

然而，有时却只属于那一刻。总之，一切只是心情。

人生的画面一幅 幅地剪辑，最后拼凑出的是一张五彩斑斓的水彩画，有艳丽的火红色，凝重的墨黑以及一抹忧郁的天蓝色。人的记 忆很奇特，那些曾经的过往，就像一幅幅的背景图，只有一个瞬间，却没

有以前或以后。 比如，只能记得某个瞬间的微笑，只能在记忆的痕迹寻觅某时刻骑着单车穿过路口拐角的瞬间，却都不知晓为何微 笑，为何穿过街角。

一切，有时荒诞得像一场莫名情景剧。然而，这就是生活。

曾经的梦，曾经的痛，曾经的歌， 曾经的热情相拥，曾经的璀璨星空。

也许，多年以后，再也见不到的那些人，和着记忆的碎片飘荡 而来，曾经伴着我们走过春华秋实。天空蔚蓝，杜鹃纷飞，飞过季节，曾经萍水相逢，欢聚一堂，蓦然回首，唯歌 声飘留。让人忆起《米拉波

桥》里的诗句：夜幕降临，钟声悠悠，时光已逝，唯我独留。

人在天 涯，绵绵的思绪随着微风飘浮，从布满礁石的心灵海滩上穿过千山万水，来到游荡的身躯里，刻下一篇篇笺章。而 这，或许在多年以后，当再次翻动时，原以为什么都已改变，

松开的记忆，飘落的莫名的尘埃，像起伏的微风，拂过脑海，留下一份情愁。一条街，没 有那些人，那些身影，却能来回徘徊穿梭。街，行走时，纵然漫长，漫长，有时只为听一颗流动的心的呓语。沉默 ，

倔强，回望，忘记，记住，一切像断了的弦，有时希望生活简单就好，有时却又莫名的 颓废其中。

有些路，只能一个人走；有些事，只能一个人去经历。粗读加缪、萨特的存在主义，它告诉我，人就是非理性 的存在。光秃秃的枝桠、清寂的清晨、流动的阳光，飘落于心，或快意，或寂寥，映照心境，

然而，有时却只属于那一刻。总之，一切只是心情。

人生的画面一幅幅地剪辑，最后拼凑出的是一张五彩斑斓的水 彩画，有艳丽的火红色，凝重的墨黑以及一抹忧郁的天蓝色。人的记忆很奇特，那些曾经的过往，就像一幅幅的背 景图，只有一个瞬间，却没

有以前或以后。比如，只能记得某个瞬间的微笑，只能在记忆 的痕迹寻觅某时刻骑着单车穿过路口拐角的瞬间，却都不知晓为何微笑，为何穿过街角。

一切，有时荒诞得像一场莫名情景剧。然而，这就是生活。

曾经的梦，曾经的痛，曾经的歌， 曾经的热情相拥，曾经的璀璨星空。

也许，多年以后，再也见不到的那些人，和着记忆的碎片飘荡 而来，曾经伴着我们走过春华秋实。天空蔚蓝，杜鹃纷飞，飞过季节，曾经萍水相逢，欢聚一堂，蓦然回首，唯歌 声飘留。让人忆起《米拉波

桥》里的诗句：夜幕降临，钟声悠悠，时光已逝，唯我独留。

人在天 涯，绵绵的思绪随着微风飘浮，从布满礁石的心灵海滩上穿过千山万水，来到游荡的身躯里，刻下一篇篇笺章。而 这，或许在多年以后，当再次翻动时，原以为什么都已改变，

松开的记忆，飘落的莫名的尘埃，像起伏的微风，拂过脑海，留下一份情愁。一条街，没 有那些人，那些身影，却能来回徘徊穿梭。街，行走时，纵然漫长，漫长，有时只为听一颗流动的心的呓语。沉默 ，

倔强，回望，忘记，记住，一切像断了的弦，有时希望生活简单就好，有时却又莫名的 颓废其中。

有些路，只能一个人走；有些事，只能一个人去经历。粗读加缪、萨特的存在主义，它告诉我，人就是非理性 的存在。光秃秃的枝桠、清寂的清晨、流动的阳光，飘落于心，或快意，或寂寥，映照心境，

然而，有时却只属于那一刻。总之，一切只是心情。

人生的画面一幅幅地剪辑，最后拼凑出的是一张五彩斑斓的水 彩画，有艳丽的火红色，凝重的墨黑以及一抹忧郁的天蓝色。人的记忆很奇特，那些曾经的过往，就像一幅幅的背 景图，只有一个瞬间，却没

有以前或以后。比如，只能记得某个瞬间的微笑，只能在记忆 的痕迹寻觅某时刻骑着单车穿过路口拐角的瞬间，却都不知晓为何微笑，为何穿过街角。

一切，有时荒诞得像一场莫名情景剧。然而，这就是生活。

曾经的梦，曾经的痛，曾经的歌， 曾经的热情相拥，曾经的璀璨星空。

也许，多年以后，再也见不到的那些人，和着记忆的碎片飘荡 而来，曾经伴着我们走过春华秋实。天空蔚蓝，杜鹃纷飞，飞过季节，曾经萍水相逢，欢聚一堂，蓦然回首，唯歌 声飘留。让人忆起《米拉波

桥》里的诗句：夜幕降临，钟声悠悠，时光已逝，唯我独留。

人在天 涯，绵绵的思绪随着微风飘浮，从布满礁石的心灵海滩上穿过千山万水，来到游荡的身躯里，刻下一篇篇笺章。而 这，或许在多年以后，当再次翻动时，原以为什么都已改变，

松开的记忆，飘落的莫名的尘埃，像起伏的微风，拂过脑海，留下一份情愁。一条街，没 有那些人，那些身影，却能来回徘徊穿梭。街，行走时，纵然漫长，漫长，有时只为听一颗流动的心的呓语。沉默 ，

倔强，回望，忘记，记住，一切像断了的弦，有时希望生活简单就好，有时却又莫名的 颓废其中。

有些路，只能一个人走；有些事，只能一个人去经历。粗读加缪、萨特的存在主义，它告诉我，人就是非理性 的存在。光秃秃的枝桠、清寂的清晨、流动的阳光，飘落于心，或快意，或寂寥，映照心境，

然而，有时却只属于那一刻。总之，一切只是心情。

人生的画面一幅幅地剪辑，最后拼凑出的是一张五彩斑斓的水 彩画，有艳丽的火红色，凝重的墨黑以及一抹忧郁的天蓝色。人的记忆很奇特，那些曾经的过往，就像一幅幅的背 景图，只有一个瞬间，却没

有以前或以后。比如，只能记得某个瞬间的微笑，只能在记忆 的痕迹寻觅某时刻骑着单车穿过路口拐角的瞬间，却都不知晓为何微笑，为何穿过街角。

一切，有时荒诞得像一场莫名情景剧。然而，这就是生活。

曾经的梦，曾经的痛，曾经的歌， 曾经的热情相拥，曾经的璀璨星空。

也许，多年以后，再也见不到的那些人，和着记忆的碎片飘荡 而来，曾经伴着我们走过春华秋实。天空蔚蓝，杜鹃纷飞，飞过季节，曾经萍水相逢，欢聚一堂，蓦然回首，唯歌 声飘留。让人忆起《米拉波

桥》里的诗句：夜幕降临，钟声悠悠，时光已逝，唯我独留。

人在天 涯，绵绵的思绪随着微风飘浮，从布满礁石的心灵海滩上穿过千山万水，来到游荡的身躯里，刻下一篇篇笺章。而 这，或许在多年以后，当再次翻动时，原以为什么都已改变，