-
考
研
英
语
< br>历
年
真
题
阅
读
长
难
句
1
0
0
句
p>
精
析
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考研英语历年真题阅读长难句
100
句精析
1.
While
warnings
are
often
appropriate
and
necessary
—
the
dangers
of
drug
interactions,for
example
—
and
many
are
required
by
state
or
federal
regulations,it
isn't
clear
that
they
actually
protect
the
manufacturers
and
sellers from liability if a customer is
injured.
【译文】
p>
尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警
告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的,然而
(
我们
)
并不清楚,如果顾客
受到伤
害时,这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
【分析】
在这个主从复合句中,
it isn't clear
that they actually protect the
manufacturers and sellers from
liability if a customer is injured
是主句。主
句
用了一个形式主语
it
,真正的主语
是
that
引导的从句,而
that<
/p>
从句之后是一个
if
引导
的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成,中间用
and
连接
。破折号之间的部分是举例说明
warnings
的内容。注意
:
many are required by state or federal
regulations
中的
many
是指
many warnings
。
2.
Additional
social
stresses
may
also
occur
because
of
the
population
explosion
or
problems
arising
from
mass
migration
movements
—
themselves
made
relatively easy nowadays by modern
means of transport .
【译文】
<
/p>
由于人口猛增或大量人口流动
(
现代交通
工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易
)
所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
【分析】
句子主干结构是
Additional social
stresses may also occur because
of...
简单句
+ because
of
表示的原因状语,整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果的原则,将
主句放在最后;
because
of
后面有两个宾语
the population
explosion or problems
;
名词
problems
带有现在分词短语作后置定语
arising from mass migration
movements
;
themse
lves
指前面的名词短语
mass migration m
ovements
,后面的过去分词短语是
themselve
s
的定语。
3.
There
exists
a
social
and
cultural
disconnect
between
journalists
and
their
readers,which
helps
explain
why
the
“
standard
templates
”
of
the
newsroom
seem alien to many readers.
【译文】
新闻记者和读者之间存在着
社会和文化方面的脱节,这就是为什
么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”似乎与许多读者的意趣
相差甚远。
【分析】
主句也是一个
there
加系动词的用法。而表语后
都有一个定语从
句。本句的定语从句是
which helps
explain why the
“
standard
templates
”
of the
newsroom seem alien to many
readers
。
Alien
本义为
异
国的,此处是相差甚远,背道而驰。如果考生不了解
stan
dard templates
的意
思,可以从上下文中找其相
同作用和功能的词组,如上句中的
a story line
和
backbone
,那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写
新闻和评论时固定的套
路和思维。
4. This phenomenon has created serious
concerns over the role of
smaller
economic firms,of national businessmen and over
the ultimate
stability of the world
economy.
【译文】
这种现
象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最
终稳定性的极大关注。
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【分析】
全句的主干是
This phenomenon has
created serious
concerns
。人们的
担忧实际包含两个方面
(
即句子的两个状语
)
:一个是
the
role
(of smaller economic firms
,
of national businessmen)
,另一个是
the ultimate stability
(of the world economy)
。但是由于两个状语太
长,建议在翻译时调整一下句子的结构,这样句子肯定更通畅些。
5. Certainly people do not seem less
interested in success and
its signs now
than formerly. Summer homes,European
travel,BMWs
—
the
locations,place names and name brands
may change,but such items do
not seem
less in demand today than a decade or two years
ago.
【译文】
当然,人们现在对成功及其
标志的兴趣似乎并未比从前减弱。避
暑别墅、欧洲旅行、宝马车——它们的位置、地名和
商标可能会改变,但现在
对这些东西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前减少。
【分析】
此处出现了两个比较级,
less interested
in success and its
signs now than
formerly
和
less in demand
today than a decade or two
years
ago
。另外要特别注意句中的双重否定:一是
do not
seem less
interested in success and its
signs now than formerly
,一是
do
not
seem less in demand today than a
decade or two years ago
。
6. Instead,we
are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which
now more than ever seem in ample
supply: the critic of American
materialism with a Southampton summer
home; the publisher of radical
books
who takes his meals in three star restaurants;the
journalist
advocating participatory
democracy in all phases of life,whose own
children are enrolled in private
schools.
【译文】
相反,
我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观:美国物欲主
义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避
暑别墅,激进图书的出版商在三星级餐馆就
餐,倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者把自己的
子女送进私立学校。
【分析】
本句的主句是
we are treated to fine
hypocritical
spectacles
。非限定性
的定语从句
(which now more than ever seem in
ample supply)
修饰
s
pectacles
。冒号后面的成分是三个并列的名词性短语,
其核心词分别是
critic
,
pu
blisher
和
journalist
。
spectacles
在文中意为
“壮观景象”,有一定的反讽意味。
7. This
does not mean that ambition is at an end,that
people no
longer feel its stirrings and
promptings,but only that,no longer
openly honored,it is less openly
professed.
【译文】
这
并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路,人们不再感觉到它对人们的激
励了;而只是说明人们不再
公开地以它为荣,更不愿公开地坦承了。
【分析】
这是一个简单句,主干是
this does not mea
n
,后面接了三个并
列的
that
p>
从句作
mean
的宾语。在第三个宾语从句
中,
it
指代
ambition
,
no
longer openly
honored
是插入语,作该从句的状语。
that
people no longer
feel its stirrings and
promptings
意思是
that people are
no longer
stirred and prompted by
ambition
。
8. The
attacks on ambition are many and come from various
angles;its public defenders are few and
unimpressive, where they are
not
extremely unattractive.
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【译文】
对抱负的攻击非常之多,而
且观点不尽相同;公开为之辩解的则
少之又少,而且并不为人注意,尽管他们并非一点吸
引力也没有。
【分析】
此句是用分号隔开的两个并列句,后面的一个分句中有一个
where
p>
引导的定语从句,从整体上来修饰
its public defe
nders
,只不过先行
词用了
whe
re
。
9. The
astonishing distrust of the news media isn't
rooted in
inaccuracy or poor
reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world
views between reporters and their
readers.
【译文】
对新闻媒介这种令人震惊的
不信任,其根源并非是报道失实或低
下的报道技巧,而是记者与读者的世界观每天都发生
着碰撞。
【分析】
本句的主干是一个
not
…
but
…
p>
结构。注意这个结构引导的是两
个方式状
语。其核心词分别是
inaccuracy
和
< br>the daily clash
。本句的主干是
The
astonishing distrust of the news media isn't roote
d
。两个分词短语
充当句子的状语。
10. Luckily,if the doormat or stove
failed to warn of coming
disaster,a
successful lawsuit might compensate you for your
troubles.
Or so the thinking has gone
since the early 1980s,when juries began
holding more companies liable for their
customers' misfortunes.
【译文】
幸好,如果门垫和炉子忘了提醒你可能的危险,一切成功的诉讼就会赔偿
人的损失。大约从
20
世纪
8
0
年代初开始,陪审员开始越来越多的裁定公司必须为其顾客
的
不幸负责。
【分析】
句子本身并不复杂,两个句子表达了人们的想法。在第一个句子中,
if
the doormat or stove failed to warn of
coming disaster
是指门垫或炉灶没有警示
语。
在第二个句子中,
or so the thinking has gone
是一个倒装结构,正常的语序应该
是
or
the thinking has gone so(
或者说人们是这么想的
)
。
11. If
it did,it would open up its diversity program,now
focused narrowly
on
race
and
gender,and
look
for
reporters
who
differ
broadly
by
outlook,values,education,and class.
【译文】
如果新闻界真的注意到了问
题的关键,它就应该进一步开放其多
样化项目,这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族
和性别的员工,而进一步
寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种
记者。
【分析】
本句是一个虚拟语句。
p>
it
代表上文提到的
a troubled
business
,即“问题重重的新闻界”。主语
it
跟了两个并列的谓语成分:一是
would
open up its diversity
program
,二是
(would)look for re
porters
。
reporters
后面跟了一个定语从句。
now focused narrowly on race
and
gender
是插入语,作
p
rogram
的定语。
12.
For such people and many more perhaps not so
exceptional,the
proper formulation
is,
“
Succeed at all costs
but avoid appearing
ambitious.
”
【译文】
对于这样的人,以及更多也许不太出色的人而言,恰当的行为准
则是:“不惜一切代价获得成功,但要避免让人看出雄心勃勃。”
【分析】
For such people and many more perhaps not so
exceptional
是句子的状语,主语是
the
proper formulation
,谓语是系动词
is<
/p>
,表语是引
号里的内容。
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13.
International affiliates account for a fast-
growing segment
of production in
economies that open up and welcome foreign
investment.
【译文】在那些对外开放并鼓励外资
的国家的经济中,跨国公司的分支机
构已经成为经济领域中一个快速增长的生产部门。<
/p>
【分析】
本句的主干是
International
affiliates account for a
fast-growing
segment of production in
economies
,后面的
that open up
and welcome foreign investment
是
economies
的定语从句。注意一些词汇的
含义:
affiliate
是名词,意为“分
支机构”,此处是指在世界各地都有分支
的多国公司,并且是全句的主语;
account for
是“……的原因”;
eco
nomies
在此处指经济领域的国家概念,因此用复数。
14.
I
believe
that the
most
important
forces
behind the
massive
M&A
wave
are
the
same
that
underlie
the
globalization
process:
falling
transportation
and
communication
costs,lower
trade
and
investment
barriers
and
enlarged
markets that
require enlarged operations capable of meeting
customers demands .
【译文】
我认为引起这场合并浪潮的最重要力量与导致全球一体化的力量是相同的:
运输通信费用下降;贸易与投资障碍减少;市场扩大。这一切都需要扩大业务往来满足消
费者的需求。这对消费者只会有利而不会有害。
【分析】
本句是一个嵌套宾语从句,不过也并不难理解。主句是
I
believe that
,
that
后面是
Ibelieve
的内容。第二个宾语从句修饰的是
p>
same
,即
the same that
underlie
the
globalization
process
。
冒
号
的
内
容
则
进
一
步
说
明
gl
obalization
process
的内容。
15.
And
should
one
country
take
upon
itself
the
role
of
“
defending
competition
”
on
issues
that
affect
many
other
nations,as
in
the
US
vs.
Microsoft
case ?
【译文】
在那些将会
影响许多其他国家的事情中,如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案,
一个国家是否应该担负起
“保护竞争”的责任呢?
【分析】
此句的主干是
should one country
take upon itself the
role
,而
that
affect
many other nations
是
issues
的定语从句。
as in the US vs.
Microsoft case
是
issues
的补语。
on
issues
是
take upon itself the
role
的状语。注意在阅读本句的
时候要抓住它本身是一个文
句,另外,
vs.
的意思对正确理解也很重要,它是指
“
对垒,
对阵
”
,在法律的情景中就是
“
起诉,对簿公堂
p>
”
的意思。
16. An education that aims at getting a
student a certain kind of job is a
technical
education,justified
for
reasons
radically
different
from
why
education is universally
required by law.
【译文】
旨在使学生胜任某种工作的
教育是职业教育,它存在的理由与法律所规定的
普及教育之间有很大差别。
【分析】
这个句子的主语是
An education
< br>,后面
that
引导的从句既是主语的定语,
表语是
a technical education
。过去分词
justified
引导的短语修饰
a technical
education
,
radically
different
from
why
education
is
universally
required
by
law
是
reasons
的后置定语。
17. Rather,we have a certain conception
of the American citizen,a character
who
is
incomplete
if
he
cannot
competently
assess
how
his
livelihood
and
happiness are affected by things
outside of himself.
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