-
1
．人体主要器官前缀
名称
通用名
前（后）缀
常用形容词示例
心
heart
cardiao -
cardial
cardium/
carditis/
cardiology
脑
brain
encepholo-
cerebral
cerebrum/
encephalitis/
encephalology
肺
lung
pulmo- pulmonary
pulmontiis/
pulmonectomy/
pulmonology
肝
liver
hepato- hepatic
hepatitis/
hepatobiliary/
hepatology
胃
stomach
gastro- gastric
gastritis/
gastrointestinal/
gastrology
胆
gallbladder
chole- biliary
holecystitis/
cholinergic/
cholecystectomy
肠
intestine
entero- intestinal
enteritis/
enterectomy/
enterology
脾
spleen
splen- splenic
splenitis/
splenectomy/
splenology
胰
pancreas
pancreato- pancreatic
pancreatitis/
pancreatectomy
肾
kidney
nephro- renal/ nephric
nephritis/
nephropathy/
nephrology
2
．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后
）缀
名称
通用名
前（后）缀
示例
血
blood
hemo-/hemato
hematology/
hemoglobin/
hematoma
血管
vessel
vaso-
vasopressor/
cardiovasology/
verebrovascular
静脉
vein
veno-
venography/
intravenous/
venoconstriction
动脉
artery
arterio-
arteriology/
arteriole/
arteriosclerosis
肌
muscle
myo-
mycology/
myositis/
myocarditis
髓
marrow
myel-/myelo-
myelocyte/
myelitis/
myeloma
神经
nerve
neur-/neyro-
neurology/
neuritis/
neuron
细胞
cell
cyto-/-cyte
cytology/
cytoma/
leukocyte
尿
urine
uro-/ur-
urology/
urosurgery/
urogenital
体
body
somato-/some
somatology/
somatopsychic/
chromosome
3
．与数字有关的前缀
数字
前缀
示例
一（单）
mono-/uni-
monomer/
monoclone/
carbon monoxide/
unidirectional
二
bi-/di-
bilateral/
biphasiccarbon
dioxide/dipeptide
三
tri-
trilateral/
triphasic/
trigeminal
nerve
四
tetra-
tetramer/
tetracycline/
tetraplegia
五
penta-
pentagon/
pentachromic/
pentachloride
六
hexa-
hexachromic/
benzene
hexachloride(666)/
hexacycliccompiund
七
hepta-
heptachromic/
heptaploid/
heptavalent
八
octa-
octahedral/
octal system
九
nona-
nonapeptide/
nonagon
十
deca- d
ecade/
decagram/
decaliter
注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀
+deca
，如：
hexadecanol
< br>（十六烷醇）
，
tetrad
ecapeptidegastrin
（十四肽胃泌素）
，
octadecanoic
acid
（十八烷酸）
4
．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色
通用名
前缀
示例
色
color
chrom-/chromo-
chromosome/
chromatin/
chromatometer
红
red
erythro-
erythrocyte/
erythrocyturia/
erythrometer
白
white
leuko-
leukocyte/
leukemia/
leukocytuira
黑
black
melano-
melena/
melanoma/
melanoderma
黄
yellow
xantho-
xanthopsin/
xanthosis/
xanthoma
绿
green
棕
brown
brown mixture/
brown ring
橙
orange
Victoria orange/
ethyl orange/
orange G
粉红
pink
oink
frothy
sputum
绯红
crimson
青铜
bronzed
bronzed
diabetes
蓝
blue
cyan-/cyano
cyanosis/
cyanopsia/
cyanemia
紫
violet/
purple
< br>注：有些病名的
“
蓝
”“
紫
”“
青
”
为同义，其前缀都为
“
cyano-
”
.
5
．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀
(1)
含义
前（后）缀
形容词
示例
病
patho-
pathogen/
pathology/
pathogenesis/
-pathy -pathic
neuropathy/
nephropathy/
adenopathy
病态
-osis
–
otic
neurosis/
tuberculosis/
schistosomiasis
增多
leukocytosis/
erythrocytopenia/
granulocytosis
减少
-penia -penic
leukocytopenia/
erythrocytopenia/
granulocytopenia
无
a-/an-
atypical/
anuria/
agranulocytopenia
小
/
微
-let
droplet/
platelet/
leaflet
micro-
microscopy/
microorganism/
micronucleus
大
/
巨
macro-
macroscopic/
macronucleus/
macrophage
-megaly
splenomegaly/
acromegaly/
hepatomegaly
复合
/
多
poly-
polyuria/
polymer/
polyopia
全
/
泛
pan-
pancolectomy/
panmyelosis/
pandemic
6
．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀
(2)
含义
前（后）缀
示例
相反
dis-
disease/
disorder/
disability
困难
/
障碍
dys-
dysfunction/
dyspepsia/
dyspnea
不良
mal-
malfunction/
malnutrition/
malpractice
炎症
-itis
appendicitis/
bronchitis/
arthritis
瘤
/
块
-oma
lymphoma/
adenoma/
hematoma
血症
-emia
leukemia/
septisemia/
bacteremia
痛
-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-
analgesia/
hypoalgesia/
algometer
麻痹
-plegia
hemipleia/
pamplegia/
myoplegia
流出
-rrhea
diarrhea/
hypermenorrhea/
rhinorrhea
坏死
-necrosis
/necro-/necr-
hepatonecrosis/
myonecrosis/
necrospermia
结石
litho-/-lith
lithiasis/
lithogenesis/
cholelithes
7
．与方位有关的前缀
含义
通用词
前缀
示例
上
upper/superior
pi-/supra-
epidemic/
epithelium/
supracostal
下
lower/inferior
nfra-/sub-
infracostal/
subclavicular/
subcutaneous
前
front/anterior/prior
fore-/ante- /pre-
forehead/
anteroposterior/
precirrhosis
后
back/posterior
post-/retro-
posthepatic/
postprandial/
retrocardiac
内
inner/internal
in-/endo-/ento-
inhalation/
endoscopy/
entocranial
外
outer/external
ex-/exo-
extract/
excretion/
exocardial
间
between
inter-
intermuscular/
intercostal/
intercourse
旁
/
副
on
the side of
para-
parathyroid/
paraprotein/
pararenal
周
around
peri-
perioperative/
pericarditis/
peritoneum
中心
central
centri-/centra- /centro-
centrifugation/
centralize/
centronucleus
反
/
对
opposite
counter-/contra-
counterpart/
countershock/
contraindication
注：
in vivo/in
’
vaivou
/
活体内
;
in vitro/in
vaitrou/
活体外或试管内；
in situ/in
’
saitju:/
原位
8
．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀
含义
前（后）缀
示例
切除
-ectomy
appendectomy/
gastrectomy/
splenectomy
切开
-tomy
tracheotomy/
hysterotomy/
craniotomy
切（割）
-tome
tracheotome/
thoracotome
吻合
-stomy
duodenoenterostomy/
gastroesophagostomy
成形术
-plasty
tracheoplasty/
osteoplasty/
myoplasty
整（矫）形
ortho-
orthopedics/
orthopod/
orthotherapy
造影
-graphy
angiography/
nephrography/
phlebography
经
…
trans-
transdominal/
translateral/
transurethral
注：
ort
ho-
也是
“
正
”“
原
”
的前缀，如：
ortho-acid
（正酸）
-graphy
为方法，如：
electr
ocardigraphy
心电图检查术；
< br>graph
为仪器，如：
electrocardigr
aph
心电图机；
gram
为图象，文字，如：
electrocardiogram
心电图记录。
9
．与化学品有关的前（后）缀
含义
前（后）缀
示例
酸盐
ate
sulfate/
nitrate/
acetate
醇
-ol
alcohol/
propanol/
taxol
醛
-al
retinal/
methylal/
propanal
酮
-one
acetone/
progesterone/
ketone
糖
glyco-
glycogenolysis
saccharo-
saccharomyces
-saccharide
polysaccharide
酶
-ase
reductase/
transminase/
kinase
素
-in
penicillin/
heparin/
nuclein
原
-gen
allogen/
antigen/
glycogen
苯基
/
酚
phen-/pheno-
phenol/
phenate/
phenetidin
氨基
amino-
aminobenzene/
aminopherase/
aminopyrine
10
．与
“
作用
”
有关的前（后）缀
含义
前（后）缀
示例
杀
-cide/-cidal
insecticide/
pesticide/
bactericidal
抑
-stasis/-static
bacteriostasis/
virostatic/
tuberculostatic
驱逐
-fuge
febrifuge/
centrifuge
抗
-anti
antibiotic/
antimycotic/
antimutagen
去
/
脱
/
除
de-
dehydroprednisone/
detergent/
desensitization
回
/
再
/
复
re-
reabsorb/
reactivation/
recombinant
冷冻
cryo-
cryobiology/
cryopreservation/
cryoprotectant
否
/
去
/
分离
dis-
disinfection/
dissociate/
dissection
向后
/
退行
retro-
retrograde/
retrosternal/
retrocardiac
Suffix
Meaning
-ac
pertaining to
属于，关于
-al
pertaining to
-ar
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining
to belonging to
-ase
enzyme
酶
-cle
smallness
小
,
少
,
贫乏
,
小气
-e
an instrument
仪器
-eal
pertaining to
-ia
condition; quality
-ic
pertaining
to
-ics
study
of; name of a science
-ine/in
substance
物质
-ism
process or condition
-ist
one
who
specializes
in
精<
/p>
通
于
……
的人<
/p>
-itis
inflammation
refers
to
a
part
in……
部位的炎症
-(i)um
relation
to
a
whole;
related
to
与
……
相关
-ive
characterizes by
-let
tiny; small
-ment
the result or product
of an action
-oid
resembling; like
像
-ole
little; small
-oma
tumor; swelling refers
to a doer
-or/-er
either a
person or thing
-ory
characterized by; pertaining to
-ose
sugar
-osis
abnormal condition
Example
cardiac: pertaining to the
heart
心脏（病）的
medical: pertaining to medicine
molecular: pertaining to a molecule
分子的
ciliary:
pertaining to the cilia
睫毛的
,<
/p>
纤毛的
,
毛状的
amylase: any enzyme that converts
starch to sugar
淀粉
酶
follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac<
/p>
小囊
,(
头发的
)
毛囊
auriscope:
an
instrument
for
examining
the
ear
(
检查
耳朵用的
)
耳
镜
laryngeal: pertaining to
the larynx
喉的
,
喉音的
phobia:
abnormal fear
恐惧，害怕
toxic:
pertaining to
toxin
有毒的；因中毒引起的
pediatrics:
study
of
children,
their
development
and
diseases
儿科学
insulin
：
substance
(hormone)
produced
by
the
islets
of
Langerhans in the
pancreas
胰岛素
alcoholism: excessive drinking of
alcohol which becomes
addictive
酒精中毒
pharmacologist:
a
doctor
who
specializes
in
the
study
of
drugs
药理专家
rhinitis:
inflammation of the nasal
passages
鼻炎，鼻粘膜
炎
endometrium: inner lining of the
uter
子宫内膜
antitussive: a drug that suppresses
coughing
止咳药
droplet: a tiny drop
小滴
development: thing which develops or is
being developed;
action of becoming
mature
mucoid: resembling
mucus
粘液样的
centriole:
the
small
dense
structure
in
the
middle
of
the
centrosome
细胞中心粒；中心体
dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the
skin
皮肤纤维瘤
receptor:
a
sensory
nerve
ending
that
responds
to
various
stimuli
感受器，受体
suspensory: which is hanging
down
悬吊式，悬带
fructose: fruits sugar found in honey
and some fruit
果糖
onychocryptosis:
abnormal
condition
of
a
hidden
nail
嵌
甲
-ous
poisonous: pertaining
to poison; also containing poison
有
毒的，分泌毒素的
-somes
bodies
ribosome: the body of nucleic
acid
核糖体
-um
structure; thing; substance
结
构，
物
magnesium: a white
metallic chemical substance
镁
（金属
质
元素）
-y
condition; act; process
dystrophy:
disorder
caused
by
defective
nutrition
or
metabolism
营养不良
The
following is a list of the most commonly used
compound suffixes
pertaining
to
Suffix
-algia
--ase
-blast
-carcinoma
-cele
-centesis
-capnia
-cide
-clast
-dynia
-ectasia/-ec
tasis
-ectomy
-edema
-emia
-emesis
-gen
-genesis
-globin
-gnosis
-gram
-graph(y)
-iasis
Meaning
pain; painful; condition
enzyme
embryo
胚，胚胎，人类胚胎
malignant tumor developing from
connective
tissue
相关组织的恶
性肿瘤
protrusion;
distention
突出；膨
胀，延伸
surgical puncture
手术穿孔
carbon
dioxide
二氧化碳
kill
cell
pain
expansion;
dilation(
膨胀，扩张
)
surgical excision or removal of
excessive accumulation of
serous
fluid
水肿
blood condition
vomiting
呕吐
something
that
produced
or
prouduces
production
生产
protein
蛋白质
knowledge
image; picture
process of
recording
记录过程
condition;
state
情况，状况
Example
arthralgia: pain in a joint
关节痛
protease:
digestive enzyme
蛋白酶
hemocytoblast: blast cell
血胚细胞，原始血细胞
adenocarcinoma:
malignant
tumor
developing
from
glandular tissue
腺癌
esophagocele:
abnormal distention of the esophagus
食管
突出
paracentesis:
surgical
puncture
of
a
cavity
for
the
aspiration of fluid
穿刺术
acapnia:
absence of carbon dioxide
血液二氧化碳缺乏
germicide: (substance) which can kill
germs
杀菌剂
phagocyte:cell,
especially
a
white
blood
cell,
which
can
surround and destroy other cells
噬菌细胞
glossodynia:
pain in the tongue
舌痛
atelectasis:
incomplete
expansion
of
the
lungs
at
birth
肺
不张
gastrectomy: surgical removal of the
stomach
胃切除术
myxoedema: condition caused when the
thyroid gland does
not produce enough
thyroid hormone
粘液腺瘤病，粘液
水肿
leukemia:
any
of
several
malignant
diseases
where
an
abnormal number of leucocytes form in
the blood
白血病
hematemesis: the vomiting of blood
咯血；吐血
pathogen: a
microorganism or agent capable of producing
disease
病菌，病原体
spermatogenesis:
formation
and
development
of
spermatozoa in the
testes
精子发生
hemoglobin:
an
iron-containing
protein
produced
by
erythrocytes
血红素
diagnosis: the process of identifying
the nature or presence
of a disease
through knowledge and examination
electrocardiogram:
a
graphic
record
of
the
electrical
activity of heart muscle or heartbeat
used in the diagnosis
of heart disease.
Abbr. ECG and EKG
. Syn.
cardiogram
心电图
electocardiography:
the
process
of
making
or
recording
electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography
心电图记录
cholelithiasis: the formation of
gallstones
胆石症
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