医学英语主要前缀

医学英语主要前缀

1

．人体主要器官前缀

名称

通用名

前

（后）

缀

常用形容词

示

例

心

heart cardiao- cardial

/carditis/cardiology

脑

brain encepholo- cerebral

cerebrum/encephalitis/

encephalology

肺

lung pulmo- pulmonary

pulmontor/pulmonectomy/

pulmonology

肝

liver hepato- hepatic

hepatitis/hepatobiliary/

hepatology

胃

stomach gastro- gastric

gastritis/gastrointestinal/

gastrology

胆

gallbladder chole- biliary

cholecystiti s/cholinergic/cholecys

tectomy

肠

intestine entero- intestinal

enteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾

spleen splen- splenic

splenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰

pancreas pancreato- pancreatic

pancreatitis/pancreatectomy

肾

kidney nephro- renal/nephric

nephritis/nephropathy/

nephrology

2

．与人体系 统、器官有关的前（后）缀

名称

通用名

前（后）缀

示例

血

blood hemo-/hemato

hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管

vessel vaso-

vasopressor/cardiovasology/

静脉

vein veno-

venography/intravenous/

venoconstriction

动脉

artery arterio-

arteriology/arteriole/

arteriosclerosis

肌

muscle myo-

mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓

marrow myel-/myelo-

myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神经

nerve neur-/neyro-

neurology/neuritis/neuron

细胞

cell cyto-/-cyte

cytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿

urine uro-/ur-

urology/urosurgery/urogenital

体

body somato-/some

somatology/somatopsychic/

chromosome

3

．与数字有关的前缀

数字

前缀

示例

一（单）

mono-/uni-

monomer/monoclone/carbon

monoxide/unidirectional

二

bi-/di-

bilateral/biphasiccarbon

dioxide/dipeptide

三

tri-

trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal

nerve

四

tetra-

tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia

五

penta-

pentagon /pentachromic/pentachlorid

e

六

hexa- hexachromic/benzene

hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiu

七

hepta-

heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalen

t

八

octa- octahedral/octal system

九

nona- nonapeptide/nonagon

十

deca- decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位数的表示一般为：个 位数前缀

+deca

，如：

hexad ecanol

（十六烷醇），

tetradecapeptid e gastrin

（十四肽胃

泌素）

，

octadecanoic

acid

（十八烷酸）

4

．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀

颜色

通用名

前缀

示例

色

color chrom-/chromo-

chromosome/chromatin/

chromatometer

红

red erythro-

erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/

erythrometer

白

white leuko-

leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑

black melano-

melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黄

yellow xantho-

xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

蓝

blue cyan-/cyano

cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫

violet/purple

绿

green

棕

brown brown mixture/brown ring

橙

orange Victoria orange/ethyl

orange/orange G

粉红

pink oink frothy sputum

绯红

crimson

青铜

bronzed bronzed diabetes

注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为

同义，其前缀都为“cy ano

-

”.

5

．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀

(1)

含义

前（后）缀

形容词

示例

病

patho-

pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy -pathic

neuropathy/nephropathy/

adenopathy

病态

-osis -otic

neurosis/tuberculosis/schis tosomia

sis

增多

leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/gran

< br>ulocytosis

减少

-penia -penic

leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/