-
Cultural Encounters
Text comprehension
I. B
II. 1. T;
2. F;
3. T;
4. T;
5. T.
III.
1.
“
snail
mail
”
.
2.
“
an essential
stepping stone on the road to
success
”
.
3.
“
the profound
relationship between language and culture that
lies at the heart of
society
”
.
4.
“
the means to
shape our views of the
world
”
.
5.
“
to negotiate
the boundaries between languages and to compromise
in translation
”
.
6.
“
to use
linguistic skills, to think differently, to enter
into another culture
’
s
mentality and to
shape language
accordingly
”
.
IV
.
1.
with convenient ways to reach any part of the
world.
2. It seems that
everyone is able to always get in touch with
anyone else if he or she can afford to.
3. is the most important to
society.
4. a fundamental
skill in today
’
s world,
where different cultures interact.
5. are finding ways to interrelate
different cultures.
Structural analysis of the
text
1. The last sentence of
the 3rd paragraph:
“
Most
fundamental is the profound relationship
between language and culture that lies
at the heart of society and one that we overlook
at our
peril.
”
2. Paragraph 4: The lack of an exact
counterpart of the English word
“
homesickness
”
in other
languages such as Italian, Portuguese,
and German.
Paragraph 5: The
problem of untranslatability which the early Bible
translators encountered.
Paragraph 6: English and Welsh speakers
make adjustments regarding the color spectrum in
the
grey / green / blue / brown range;
The word
“
democracy
”
means completely different things
in
different contexts; the flat breads
of Central Asia are a long way away from
Mother
’
s Pride
white sliced toasties, yet the word
“
bread
”
has to serve for both.
Part One.
V
ocabulary Analysis
I. Phrase practice
1. provided =as long as
假如,倘若
need never be
out of touch =can never fail to be
reached
从不会失去联系
2. regardless
of =no matter
不管,不顾
3. overlook at our peril
=fail to notice at great risk
忽视??的危险或风险
4. hovers somewhere in and
around all those words =may be described by these
words to
varying
degrees
5. hit the problem of untranslatability
head-on = were directly confronted with the
problem that
something in one language
cannot be rendered into another
II.
1. stepping stone; 2. at their peril;
3. serve; 4. mentality; 5. staple; 6.
facilitating; 7. messaging; 8.
hybrid.
III. Word
derivation
Fill in the
blanks with the appropriate forms of the given
words.
1. The country is
trying to move from a centrally planned economy
(economic) to one basically
geared to
the needs of the market.
2.
There are no good roads in the area, so most of
the ranches are only accessible (access) by jeep
or other off-road vehicles.
3. The two approaches are so
fundamentally (fundamental) different that it is
surprising that they
have both been
successful.
4. They spent
much time comforting the homesick (homesickness)
children at the beginning of the
summer
camp.
5. We are looking for
an experienced journalist to join the news teams.
The salary is negotiable
(negotiate).
6.
The amount of any of these ingredients can be
adjusted (adjustment) according to your
taste.
7. The remoteness
(remote) of the house was the only thing that made
them hesitate about buying
it.
8. He parked
the car and smiled at her, complacently
(complacent) assuming he had passed the
test.
1. economic a.
经济学的;经济的;有利可图的
economical a.
节俭的;经济的,合算的
economics n.
经济学
economist n.
经济学家
economy n.
节约;经济
2. access n.
通道,入口
accessible a.
可得到的;易接近的,可进入的
accessibility n.
可以得到;易接近
3. fundamental
a.
基本的,根本的;重要的
fundamentalism
n.
原教旨主义
fundamentalist
n.
信奉正统派基督教的人
fundamentally
ad.
从根本上;基本地
4. homesick
a.
想家的
homesickness
n.
乡愁,思乡病
5. negotiate
v.
谈判,协商,交涉
negotiable
a.
可磋商的,可协商的
negotiation
n.
谈判,协商
negotiator
n.
磋商者,交涉者
6. adjust
v.
调整,调节;使适应
adjustable
a.
可调整的
adjustment
n.
调整
7. remote a.
偏僻的,遥远的,远程的
remoteness n.
远离,远隔,偏僻
8. complacent a.
满足的,自满的,得意的
complacently ad.
满足地,自满地,沾沾自喜地
complacency n.
自满,沾沾自喜
IV
.
1. D;
2. C;
3. A;
4. D;
5. B;
6. A;
7. B;
8.
C.
V
.
Synonym / Antonym
Give a synonym or an antonym of the
word underlined in each sentence in the sense it
is used.
1. We live in an
age of easy access to the rest of the
world.
Synonym: time, era,
epoch
2. Conferences and business meetings
around the globe are held in English, regardless
of whether
anyone present is a native
English speaker.
Synonym:
meetings
3. English has simply become the
language that facilitates communication, and for
many people
learning English is an
essential stepping stone on the road to
success.
Synonym: basic,
fundamental
4. Different cultures are not simply
groups of people who label the world differently;
languages
give us the means to shape
our views of the world and languages are different
from one another.
Antonym:
misshape
5. Inevitably, the spread of English
means that millions of people are adding another
language to
their own and are learning
how to negotiate cultural and linguistic
differences.
Synonym:
unavoidably
6. Why does the rise of English as a
global language cause feelings of uneasiness for
some of us?
Synonym: worry,
concern, anxiety
7. But even as more people
become multilingual, so native English speakers
are losing out, for
they are becoming
ever more monolingual, and hence increasingly
unaware of the differences
between
cultures that languages reveal.
Antonym: hide, conceal
4 Prefix
Write in each space one
word that has the same prefix as underlined in the
given word.
1. unreliable
unbelievable
2.
impatient
imperfect
3. disapproval
disagreement
4. mistake
misplace
5. maltreat
malfunction
enable
7.
surmount
surpass
inate
submarine
1. Explanation:
un- : not or the opposite
of
e.g. unable, unhappy,
unknown
2. Explanation:
in- / il- / im- / ir- : not or the
opposite of
e.g. impolite, infinite,
illogical, irrelevance
3. Explanation:
dis- : not or the opposite
of
e.g. dishonest,
disadvantage, disappear
4. Explanation:
mis- : bad or
wrong
e.g. misinterpret, misbehavior,
mischance, misconceive
5. Explanation:
mal- : bad or not
correct
e.g. malpractice, malodorous,
malformation
6. Explanation:
en-
/ em- : to cause to be; to put into the thing or
condition mentioned
e.g. encase, empower, enlarge,
embolden, enchant
7. Explanation:
sur- : beyond
e.g. surcharge, surplus,
surprise, surmise
8.
Explanation:
sub- : less than; under or
below
e.g. subdivision, subconscious,
subcontinent, subculture
Part
Two
.
Grammar
Exercises
1. the simple
present and the present progressive
Simple present is used for activities
that are long-lasting habits.
Present progressive is used for
activities that occur at the moment of speaking
activities.
The present continuous with words such
as
“
always
”
or
“
constantly
< br>”
expresses the idea that
something irritating or shocking often
happens.
e. g. She is always
coming to class late.
He is
constantly talking. I wish he would shut
up.
Speakers use the present
continuous to indicate that something will or will
not happen in the near
future.
e. g. I
am not going to the party tonight.
Is he visiting his parents next
weekend?
I. Complete the following sentences
with the correct verb forms.
1. She
’
s a
dietician
—
she __helps__
(help) people to choose the right food.
2. hope; are enjoying; sunbathe; go;
are going.
3. is
being.
4. The professor
____is typing____ (type) his own letters while his
secretary is ill.
5. am not
eating.
6. I __am reading___
(read) an interesting book at the moment.
I
’
ll lend it to you when
I
’
ve
finished
it.
7. are always
leaving.
8. go; belongs;
wants; is using.
9. is
boiling.
10. is putting; is
rewiring; is building.
II.
1. is passing = passes; is shooting =
shoots.
2. OK.
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