种修辞手法的解释和例句(my)

《高级英语》中常见种修辞手法的解释和例句

明喻

< /p>

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比

.

这 种共性存在于人们的心里

,

而不是事物的自然属

性

.

标志词常用

like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as

等

.

例如

:

1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.

3>. Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

or

隐喻

,

暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻

,

是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物

,

通过比较形成

.

例如

:

1>.Hope is a good

breakfast

, but it is a bad

supper

.

2>.Some books are to be

tasted

, others

swallowed

, and some few to be

chewed and digested

.

cavern of a room/ a caverous room

the room is like a cavern,

e.g. a fairyland of dancing flashes

In the maze of vaulted streets

a mountain of waves

a storm of applause

A little shrimp of a fellow

A hello Kitty of a girl

Thread one’s way

my

借喻

,

转喻

Tin Pan Alley __the center of pop music

Let the heart to rule the head

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物

,

而使用另一个与之相关的事物 名称

.

I.

以容器代替内容

,

例如

1>.The kettle boils.

水开了

.

2>.The room sat silent.

全屋人安静地坐着

.

II.

以 资料

.

工具代替事物的名称

,

例如

:

Lend me your ears, please.

请听我说

.

III.

以作者代替作品

例如

:

a complete Shakespeare

莎士比亚全集

VI.

以具体事物代替抽象概念

,

例如

:

I had the

muscle

, and they made money out of it.

我有力气

,

他 们就用我的力气赚钱

.

oche

提喻

提喻用部分代替全体

,

或用全体代替部分

,

或特 殊代替一般

.

例如

:

1>.There are about 100

hands

working in his factory.(

部分代整体

)

他的厂里约有

100

名工人

.

2>.He is the

Newton

of this century.(

特殊代一般

)

他是本世纪的牛顿

.

3>.The

fox

goes very well with your cap.

（整体代部分）

这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配

.

e,(there is) a sea of

faces< /p>

.

外面街上，

是人的海洋。

（以人体的局部代全体，即以

faces

表示

people

）

2. Have you any

coppers

?

你有钱吗？

（以材料代事物，即以< /p>

copper

铜喻指

coin money

铜币）

cf. Antonomasia

换称

His majesty; His Excellence his Honor

the Boss He is the Juda. (overlapping with synecdoche )

ification

拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物

.

a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or

sensibility, 3 kinds of personification:

1)

the use of adjective

The thirsty ground

Note . may overlapping with transferred epithet

2)

the use of verbs

The wave danced.

3)

the use of nouns

the smile of spring

e.g.

?

?

?

The Middle Easter bazaar

takes

you

…

dancing

flashes

The beam sinks

…

taut and

protesting

1>.The

night

gently

lays her hand

at our fevered heads.

（把夜拟人化）

2>.I was very happy and could hear the

birds singing

in the woods.

（把鸟拟人化）

ole

夸张

exaggeration

夸 张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的

.

它可以加强语势

,

增加表达效果

.

Hyperbole: a device of comparison using exaggeration or

obvious

overstatement

for

comic or

dramatic effect.

?

?

?

?

?

takes you ...hundreds even thousands of years

every conceivable

innumerable lamps

incredibly young

with the dust of centuries:

例如

:

1>.I beg a thousand pardons.

2>I Love you. You are

th

e whole world to me

, and the moon and the stars.

3>.When she heard the bad news,

a river of tears

poured out.

elism

排比

,

平行

这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的 结构大体相同或相似

,

意思相关

,

语气一致的短语

.

句

子排列成串

,

形成一个整体

.

例如

:

1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are

moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.

?

?

?

?

I see,...I see...

...for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of

their protector

We shall fight

him

by land,

we shall fight him

by sea,

we shall fight him

in the air

p arallelism

常

repetition

与合二为一，交织运用，以增强修辞效果。以该句为例，

We shall fight him

属于反复，而

by land, by sea

和

in the air.

又互为平行结构。

?

?

Any man or state who fights on against Nizidom will have our aid. Any man or state who

marches with Hitler is our foe.

Let us

learn our lessons already taught by such cruel experience.

Let us

redouble our

exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain.

ism

委婉

,

婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉

< br>,

文雅的方法表达粗恶

,

避讳的 话

.

例如

:

1>.He is out

visiting the necessary

.

他出去方便一下

.

2>.His relation with his wife

has not been fortunate

.

他与妻子关系不融洽

.

3>.Deng Xiaoping

passed away

in 1997.

（去世）

反语

反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式

.

如在指责过失

.

错误时

,

用赞同过失的说

法

,

而在表扬时

,

则近乎责难的说法< /p>

.

例如

:

1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（ 真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）

2>

beggar.

双关

a paly on words based on similarity of sound and sharp difference in meaning.

双关就是用 一个词在句子中的双重含义

,

借题发挥

.

作出多种解释

,

旁敲侧击