西方文化概论练习题

西概

期末复习题

1.

The word

①

Excellence of

taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture.

②

An integrated pattern of

human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and

social learning .

③

The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an

institution, organization or group.

2.

Characteristics of Culture are

①

It is based on symbols.

②

Culture is shared.

③

Culture is

learned.

④

Culture is adaptive.

3.

The origins of Western culture

——“three pillars”

are

①

Ancient Greece (concretely Greek

philosophy)

②

the Roman Empire (specifically Roman law)

③

Catholic and Protestant

Christianity.

4.

Greece is a country in

southeastern

Europe

.

5.

The civilization of ancient Greece

is generally considered the cradle of Western civilization

.

6.

Classical Greek Athenian philosophers are

Socrates, Plato and Xenophon.

7.

Principle Figures in Greek mythology are

①

Gods

②

Mortals

③

Heroes.

8.

The Olympians refers to the

twelve

major gods and goddesses dwelling on Mount

Olympus.

9.

Following

the

Age

of

Discovery,

through

missionary

work

and

colonization,

Christianity

spread to the Americas and the rest of the world.

10.

Christianity has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization at least

since the

4th

century.

11.

God

is

usually

held

to

have

the

properties

of

holiness,

justice,

omnipotence,

omniscience,

omnibenevolence, omnipresence and

immortality.

12.

God is believed to be transcendent, meaning that he is outside space and outside

time,

and

therefore eternal

and unable to be changed by earthly

forces or anything else within his

creation.

13.

The account of Adam and Eve is in the Book of

Genesis.

14.

Adam and Eve disobeyed God by eating the fruit of

Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil,

which gave them the ability to judge and know good from evil for themselves.

15.

In Christian theology, the death of Jesus on the cross is the

antidote

to the sin of Adam

.

16.

Christians generally believe that Jesus is God incarnate and

God

and true

man

17.

According to the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, Jesus was conceived by the

Holy Spirit

and

born from the

Virgin Mary.

18.

According to the New Testament Jesus was crucified, died a physical death, buried within

a tomb, and rose from the dead

three

days later

.

19.

Jesus Christ

is the belief that one can be saved (rescued) from sin and eternal death.

20.

The three principal traditions within Christianity are

Protestantism, Roman Catholicism

and

Eastern Orthodoxy.

21.

Protestantism

is associated with the belief that the

Bible

is the final source of authority for

Christians.

22.

Trinity

refers

to

the

teaching

that

the

one

God

comprises

three

distinct,

eternally

co-existing persons;

the Father, the Son (incarnate in Jesus Christ),

and

the Holy Spirit.

23.

Christianity

regards

the

Bible,

a

collection

of

canonical

books

in

two

parts:

the

Old

Testament and the New Testament, as authoritative. It is

believed

by Christians to have

been written by

human authors

under the inspiration of

Holy Spirit,

and therefore for many

it is held to be the inerrant word of

salvation.

24.

The Old Testament is about

God and the laws of God,

and the New Testament is about

the

doctrines of Jesus Christ.

The Word “Testament” means

“agreement” or “covenant”

.

25.

The Torah, or

“

Five Books

”

of Moses:

Genesis, Exodus,

Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

26.

The Torah contains the Ten

Commandments,

of God, revealed at Mount

Sinai.

27.

Most Christians believe that human beings experience divine judgment and are rewarded

either with eternal

life

or eternal

damnation.

28.

Christians believe that the second coming of Christ will occur

at the end of the time.

29.

In Christianity,

baptism

is the ritual act, with the use of water, by which one is admitted as

a full member of the Christian Church.

30.

The

crucifix

is a cross with a representation of

Jesus'body,

or corpus. It is a principal

symbol of the Christian religion.

31.

Zeus

is the god of sky, the supreme god, and the father of both gods and men.

32.

Hera

is the queen of heaven and of the Olympians, the goddess of marriage and family, the

protectress of married women and their legal children.

33.

Poseidon

is the god of sea, the protector of seamen, and the god of earthquakes and

tsunamis.

34.

Hades /Pluto

is the god of the underworld.

35.

Athena

is the goddess of war, wisdom and handicraft.

36.

Aphrodite

is the goddess of love and beauty.

37.

Apolloe

is the sun god, the god of music, and a god of prophecy.

38.

Artemis

is the moon goddess, the goddess of childbirth, of nature, and of the harvest, the

goddess of hunting, and the protectress of huntsmen.

39.

Hephaestus

is the god of fire, the patron god of metal-smiths.

40.

Hermes

is the messenger of gods, a messenger god, the god of roads and doorways, the

protector of travelers, and the guide for the dead to Hades.

41.

Hestia

is goddess of the hearth, the goddess of home and family, and a guardian of homes.

42.

Dionysus

is the god of wine and ecstasy.

43.

The Iliad

,

an epic poem by Greek poet Homer, tells the story of the Trojan War.

44.

At Olympia, the Olympic Games were celebrated in honor of

Zeus

every fourth year.

45.

Odyssey

is a story after the Trojan War. Odysseus returned to his faithful wife, Penelope,

Agamemnon returned to be murdered by his faithless wife, Clytemnestra, and her lover.

46.

The idiom “Pandora’s box” means

the fountainhead of all evils.

47.

The idiom “Sisyphean task” suggests

everlasting fruitless hard labor.

48.

“The golden apple” refers to

the things that give rise to conflicts and strife.

49.

“Achilles’s heel” refers to

the only part of the body that remains vulnerable.

50.

“Trojan horse” means

a trap intended to undermine an enemy, or subversion from inside.