-
should
和
ought to
都为
应该
的意思，可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think
he ought to.
表示要求，命令时，语气由
should
（应该）、
had better
最好）、
must
（必须）渐强。
1)
动词
+
不定式
afford
aim
appear
agree
arrange
ask
be
decide
bother
care
choose
come
dare
demand
desire
determine
expect
elect
endeavor
hope
fail
happen
help
hesitate
learn
long
mean
manage
offer
ought
plan
prepare
pretend
promise
refuse
seem
tend
wait
wish
undertake
举例：
The
driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your
question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2<
/p>
）动词
+
不定式
；
动词
+<
/p>
宾语
+
不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help
intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise,
want, wish
…
I like to keep everything
tidy.
我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything
tidy.
我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom.
我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.
我想让你和汤姆谈话。
不定式作补语
1)
动词
+
宾语
+
不定式
(to do)
advise
allow
believe
cause
challenge
command
consider
enable
encourage
find
guess
hire
imagine
invite
know
like
order
permit
persuade
remind
report
request
require
select
send
tell
think
trust
understand
urge
warn
例句：
a.
Father will
not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b.
We
believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。
Find
的特殊用法：
Find
后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，
最后加带
to
的动词不定式。
fin
d
后也
可带一个从句。此类动词还有
g
et
，
have
。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is
important.
典型例题
:
The next morning she found
the man ___ in
bed
，
dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
答案：
的宾
语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在
进行，
过去分词表达被动。
2) to
+ be
的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
believe,
consider,
think,
declare(
声称
),
discover,
feel
find,
guess,
imagine,
know,
prove,
understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best
students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
1
Charles Babbage is generally
considered
___ the first
computer.
A. to
invent
B.
inventing
C. to
have invented
D.
having invented
答案：
A.
由
consider to do sth.
排除
B
、
D
< br>。
.
此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可
。
而
C
为现在完成时，发明为点动词一
般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选
C
。<
/p>
不定式主语
1
）
It's easy (for
me) to do that.
我做这事太容易了
easy,
difficult,
hard,
important,
possible,
impossible,
comfortable,
necessary,
better;
the first,
the next,
the last,
the best,
too much,
too little,
not
enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to
lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help
us.
他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind,
nice,
stupid,
rude,
clever,
foolish,
thoughtful,
thoughtless,
brave,
considerat
e(
考虑周到的
),
silly,
selfish(
自私的
)
例句
:
It was silly of us to
believe him.
我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed
selfish of him not to give them
anything.
他不给他们任何东西，
< br>这显得太自私了。
注意：
1)
其他系动词如，
look
，
appear
等也可用于此句型
2)
不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3)
当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用
It
is
…
to
…的句型
(
对
)To see is to
believe.
百闻不如一见。
(
错
)It is to
believe to see.
It's for
sb.
和
It's of sb.
1
）
for
sb.
常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，
如
easy,
hard,
difficult,
interesting,
impossible
等：
It's very hard
for him to study two languages.
对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2
）
of
s
b
的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如
good,
kind, nice,
clever,
foolish,
right
。
It's very nice of you to
help me.
你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
*for
与
of
的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个
句子。如果道理上通顺用
of
，不通则用
for
。
如：
You are nice.
(
通顺，所以应用
of)
。
He is hard.
(
人是困
难的，不通，因此应用
for
。
)
2
）作宾语
a.
动
词后加动名词
doing
作宾语
V. + doing sth
admit
承认
appreciate
感激
,
赞赏
avoid
避免
complete
完成
consider
认为
deny
否认
endure
忍受
enjoy
喜欢
prevent
阻止
finish
完成
imagine
想象
mind
介意
miss
想念
postpone
推迟
practise
训练
resist
抵抗
resume
继续
risk
冒险
suggest
建议
face
面对
understand
理解
forgive
宽恕
keep
继续
举例：
(1)
Would you
mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2)
The squirrel was lucky that it just
missed being caught.
b.
词组后接
doing
admit to
prefer
…
to
be used to
习惯于
lead to
devote
oneself to
stick
to
busy
look forward
to(to
为介词）
no good,
no
use,
It's
worth
…
,
as well as,
can't help,
It's
no use /good
be
tired of
2
be fond of
be capable of
be afraid of
be proud of
think of / about
put off
keep on
insist on
be successful in
good at
take upgive up
burst out
prevent
…
from
…
3
）作表语
Her job is
washing
，
cleaning and taking
care of the children.
动名词与不
定式
1
）
动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是：
状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是：
目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2
）
接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3
）
动名词与不定式语义不同的有
11
组：
1
stop to do
stop doing
2 forget to do
forget doing
3
remember to do
remember doing
4 regret to do
regret doing
5
cease to do
cease doing
6
try to do
try doing
7
go on to do
go
on doing
8 afraid to do
afraid doing
9
interested to
do
interested doing
10 mean to do
mean doing
11
begin/ start to do
begin/ start doing
stop doing/to dostop to do
停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。
stop doing
停止做某事。
They stop to smoke a
cigarette.
他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop
smoking..
我必须戒烟了。
典型例题
She reached the top of the hill and
stopped ___
on a big rock by
the side of the path.
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D.
rest
答案：
C
。由题意可知，她
到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择
s
th.
停下来去做另一件事
。而不仅
仅是爬山动作的终止，所以
stop doing
sth.
不正确。
forget
doing/to do
forget to
do
忘记要去做某事。
(
未做
)
forget doing
忘记做过某事。
(
已做
)
The light in the office is stil on. He
forgot to turn it off.
办公室的
灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。
(
没有做关灯的动作
)
He forgot turning the
light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。
(
已做过关灯的动作
)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。
(to come
动作未做
)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still
on.
----
Oh
，
I forgot___.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it
off
D. having
turned it off
答
案：
C
。由
the light is
still on
可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用
forget
to do sth.
而
forget doing sth
表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
remember doing/to do
remember to do
记得去做某事
(
未做
)
remember doing
记得做过某事
(
已做
)
Remember to go to the post office after
school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man
before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗
?
regret doing/to doregret to
do
对要做的事遗憾。
(
未做
)
regret doing
对做过的事遗憾、后悔。
(
已做
)
3
I
regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。
I don't regret
telling her what I thought.
我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
典型例题
---You were
brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___
that.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C.
to have
done
D.
having done
答案：
D
。
reg
ret having done sth.
对已发生的事感到遗憾。
regret to do sth.
对将要做的事感到遗
憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选<
/p>
D
。
try doing/to do
try to do
努力，企图做某事。
try doing
试验，试着做某事。
You
must try to be more careful.
你可要多加小心。
I tried
gardening but didn't succeed.
我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
go on doing/to dogo on to do
做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。
go on doing
继续做原来做的事。
After he had finished his
maths
，
he went on to do his
physics.
做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other
exercise after you have finished this one.
作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do
不
敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为
怕
；
be afraid
of doing
担心出现
doin
g
的状况、结果。
doing
是客观上造成的，意为
生怕，恐怕
。
She was
afraid to step further in grass because she was
afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband.
她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She
was afraid of waking her husband.
她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
be interested doing/to do
interested to do
对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。
interested in
doing
对某种想法感兴趣，
doing
通常为想法。
I shall be
interested to know what happens.
我很想知道发生了什么事。
(
想了解
)
I'm interested in working in
Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗
?
(
一种想法
)
mean to doing/to
do
mean to do
打算、想
mean doing
意味着
I
mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.
我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means
increasing purchasing power.
赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
begin(start) doing/to do
begin / start to do sth
begin / start doing sth.
1)
谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用
doing.
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