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专题讲解
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动词短语的用法
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一、动词短语的概念
有时两个词或三
个词在一起构成一个固定结构，
表达一种特定
的含义，作用近似
于一个单一动词，称为动词短语。
二、分类
动词短语有及物（
vt
.
）和不及物（
v
i
.
）之分，及物动词短语必须跟
宾语
，不及物动词短语不跟宾语。
1
．及物动词短语。例如：
He is
looking
after
his sister.
他正在照顾他的妹妹。
She
always
takes care of
these
children.
她一直照顾这些孩子。
2
．不及物动词短语。例如：
Look out! The bus is coming.
小心！公共汽车来了。
The
weeks went slowly by.
一星期一星期慢慢过去了。
3
．部分动词短语既可做及物动词短语，也可做不及物动词短语。例
如：
He
took
off
his coat.
他脱下他的上衣。
The
plane
took off
at nine
o
’
clock.
飞机在九点起飞。
三、及物动词短语的用法
1
．动副及物动词短语的宾语如果是名词时，可置于动词短语之后，
也可置
于动词与副词之间；如果宾语是代词，则只能置于动词与
副词之间，不能置于整个短语之
后。例如：
We
will
hand
out
the
advertisements.
=
We
will
hand
the
advertisements out.
我们将要分发广告。
If you
like it, please
try it on
.
如果你喜欢它，就试试。
不能说成：
If you like it, please
try on it.
2
．宾语是
代词，要放中间的动副短语举例如下：
put on
穿上
set up
建立
turn off
关掉
put off
脱下，推迟
pick up
捡起
turn on
打开
put up
挂起，举起
put down
放下
clean up
打扫干净
write down
写下
call/ring up
打电话
cheer up
使振奋
get back
取回
eat up
吃光
give up
放弃
1
look up
查阅
take off
脱下，起飞
give away
捐赠
work out
算出
cut down
砍倒
hand out
分发
turn up
把声音调大
wake up
叫醒
hand in
交上来
turn down
把声音调小
slow down
放慢
take out
取出
think up
想出
3
．宾语直接放于动词短语之后的“
动词
+
介词”或“动词
+
副词
+
介
词”词组举例如下
：
come up with
想出
(
主意
)
look after
照顾
look for
寻找
get on
上车
agree with
同意
ask for
请求，找
hear of
听说
knock
at
敲（门、窗等）
laugh at
嘲笑
wait
for
等候
pay for
付钱；支付
point out
指向
run out of
用完
四、
“动
词
+
介词”型短语
1.
“
动词
+
介词”型短语用作及物动词时，后面要跟宾语。
例如：
Look
at
the
blackboard, please
！请看黑板！
2.
句首的疑问词同时用作宾语时，介词不能省略。
例如：
What are you playing
with
?
你正在玩什么？
Who are you
talking
with
?
你在和谁谈话？
3.
在被动语态中，介词不能漏掉。
例如：
The tiger
was laughed
a
t by the
fox.
老虎被狐狸嘲笑了一通。
五
、
“动词
+
副词”型短语
动词后加上
away<
/p>
，
out
，
fo
rward
等时，常构成“动副”型短语。
1.
动
词后若是
about
，
in
，
on
，
off
，
over
，
thro
ugh
，
up
，
down
等时，
需按实际情况来确定它们是“动介”型还是“
动副”型短语。但是初
中阶段所学到的绝大多数都属于“动副”型短语。
2.
“动副”型短语用作不及物动词时，后面不跟宾语。例如：
I often go out and visit my
friends.
我经常外出拜访我的朋友。
When I
grow up,
I’ll be a nurse and look after patients
.
长大后，我要
成为一名护士照看病人。
3.
“动副”型短语用作及物动词后接宾语时，如果宾语为名词，
副词位于名词前后皆可；
如果宾语为人称代词，
则该代词必须位于动
词和副词之间。例如：
Could you turn your radio down,
please?=Could you turn down your
radio,
please?
你能不能将收音机关小一点呢？
2
She picked the pen up and gave it back
to me.
她捡起钢笔并还给了
我。
【小试牛刀】
1.
You
look
really
cool
in
the
new
dress,
dear.
How
much
did
you
it?
A. ask for
B. pay for
C. think about
D. find out
2. Li Lei’s parents went to
work, and he had to
his grandma at
home.
A. look at
B. look for
C. look after
D. look
back(
回顾，回头看
)
3. You have many ways to
help when you
are in trouble, so you
needn
’t worry.
A. play for
B. pay for
C. ask for
D.
set for
4. My
mother often asks me to
early every morning and
read
English.
A.
get on
B. get off
（下车，下来）
C. get up
D. get
in
（进入，陷入）
5.
Tom
is
good
at
maths,
so
he
the
maths
problem
quickly
yesterday.
A. found out
B. gave out
C. left out
D.
worded out
6. They ______ day and
night.
A. are made work
B. are made to work
C. made to be worked
D.
are making to work
【再接再厉】
（用方框内适当的词组填空。
）
?
give out
take after
give
away
work out
put off
hand
out
?
1.I’ve
__________a new way of
doing it.
?
teacher said the meeting would be __________till
next week.
?
3.I______ some clothes to charity
because they were too small for
me.
?
4.I’d like
to work in a food bank to
_________food
to the poor people.
?
3
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