2015武汉大学博士英语原题出处

black fiction GRE,

农业补贴是

04

年专八第一个阅读，

司法审判是

2014

年考研阅读，

男女角

色是< /p>

05

年专八阅读，都有原题，选项都没有改过

Roger Rosenblatt

’

s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical

criteria

to

its

subject,

successfully

alters

the

approach

taken

by

most

previous

studies.

As

Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black

history. Addison Gayle

’

s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly

political

standards,

rating

each

work

according

to

the

notions

of

Black

identity

which

it

propounds.

Although

fiction

assuredly

springs

from

political

circumstances,

its

authors

react

to

those

circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as

instruments

of

ideology

circumvents

much

of

the

fictional

enterprise.

Rosenblatt

’

s

literary

analysis discloses affinities

and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political

studies have overlooked or ignored.

Writing

acceptable

criticism

of

Black

fiction,

however,

presupposes

giving

satisfactory

answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the racial

identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction

make

itself

distinct

from

other

modern

fiction

with

which

it

is

largely

contemporaneous?

Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable,

coherent

literary

tradition.

Looking

at

novels

written

by

Blacks

over

the

last

eighty

years,

he

discovers

recurring

concerns

and

designs

independent

of

chronology.

These

structures

are

thematic,

and

they

spring,

not

surprisingly,

from

the

central

fact

that

the

Black

characters

in

these novels exist in a predominantly White culture, whether they try to conform to that culture

of rebel against it.

Black

Fiction

does

leave

some

aesthetic

questions

open.

Rosenblatt

’

s

thematic

analysis

permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the

merit of the various works

—

yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to

appraise

might

have

led

to

interesting

results.

For

instance,

some

of

the

novels

appear

to

be

structurally

diffuse.

Is

this

a

defect,

or

are

the

authors

working

out

of,

or

trying

to

forge,

a

different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer

’

s Cane,

verges

on

expressionism

or

surrealism;

does

this

technique

provide

a

counterpoint

to

the

prevalent

theme

that

portrays

the

fate

against

which

Black

heroes

are

pitted,

a

theme

usually

conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?

In

spite

of

such

omissions,

what

Rosenblatt

does

include

in

his

discussion

makes

for

an

astute

and

worthwhile

study.

Black

Fiction

surveys

a

wide

variety

of

novels,

bringing

to

our

attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson

’

s

Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid

style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.

21. The author of the passage objects to criticism of Black fiction like that by Addison Gayle

because it

(A)emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fiction

(B)misinterprets the ideological content of such fiction

(C)misunderstands the notions of Black identity contained in such fiction

(D)substitutes political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction

(E)ignores the interplay between Black history and Black identity displayed in such fiction

22. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

(A)evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism

(B)comparing various critical approaches to a subject

(C)discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism

(D)summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism

(E)explaining the theoretical background of a certain kind of criticism

23.

The

author

of

the passage

believes

that

Black

Fiction

would

have

been

improved

had

Rosenblatt

(A)evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fiction

(B)attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors

(C)explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its

history

(D)established a basis for placing Black fiction within its own unique literary tradition

(E)assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically

24. The author

’

s discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as

(A)pedantic and contentious

(B)critical but admiring

(C)ironic and deprecating

(D)argumentative but unfocused

(E)stilted and insincere

25. It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be LEAST likely to approve of

which of the following?

(A)An analysis of the influence of political events on the personal ideology of Black writes

(B)A critical study that applies sociopolitical criteria to autobiographies by Black authors

(C)A

literary

study

of

Black

poetry

that

appraises

the

merits

of

poems

according

to

the

political acceptability of their themes

(D)An examination of the growth of a distinct Black literary tradition within the context of

Black history

(E)A literary study that attempts to isolate aesthetic qualities unique to Black fiction

26. The author of the passage uses all of the following in the discussion of Rosenblatt

’

s

book EXCEPT

(A)rhetorical questions

(B)specific examples

(C)comparison and contrast

(D)definition of terms

(E)personal opinion

27.

The

author

of

the

passage

refers

to

James

Weldon

Johnson

’

s

Autobiography

of

an

Ex-Colored Man most probably in order to

(A)point

out

affinities

between

Rosenblatt

’

s

method

of

thematic

analysis

and

earlier

criticism

(B)clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage

(C)qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt

’

s book made in the first paragraph of the passage

(D)illustrate the affinities among Black novels disclosed by Rosenblatt

’

s literary analysis

(E)give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatt

’

s work

D A E B C D E

TEXT D

achievement

can be re

cognized... In agreat number of human societies men's sureness of their sex r

ole is tied up with their right, orability, to practice some activity that women a

re not allowed to practice. Their maleness in facthas to be underwritten by pr

eventing women from entering some field or performing somefeat.

This is the

conclusion

of the

anthropologist

Margaret Mead about the way i

n which the rolesof men and women in society should be

distinguished

.

If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of

women is far fromcomplete. There is a flow of publications about the continui

ng

domestic

bondage

of womenand about the

complicated

system of defe

nces which men have thrown up around their

hitherto

accepted advantages, t

aking sometimes the

obvious

form of

exclusion

from types of

occupation

a

nd sociable groupings, and sometimes the more

subtle

form of automatic do

ubtof the

seriousness

of women's pretensions to the level of

intellect

and

r

esolution

that men, itis supposed, bring to the business of running the world

.

There are a good many

objective

pieces of

evidence

for the

erosion

of men

's

status

. In thefirst place, there is the

widespread

postwar

phenomenon

of the woman Prime Minister, inIndia, Sri Lanka and Israel.

Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work,

especially marriedwomen and mothers of children. More diffusely there are t

he increasingly

numerous

convergences between male and female behaviour:

the

approximation

to

identical

styles indress and coiffure, the sharing of

d

omestic

tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of

hitherto

exclusiv

ely

male leisure-time activities.

Everyone carries round with him a fairly

definite

idea of the

primitive

or nat

ural conditions ofhuman life. It is acquired more by the study of

humorous

c

artoons than of archaelology, butthat does not matter since it is not significan

t as theory but only as an expression of inwardlyfelt expectations of people's

sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiationbetween the roles

of the two sexes. In this

rudimentary

natural society men go out to huntand

fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amo

rous

initiative

is firmly

reserved

to the man, who sets about courtship with a

club.