-
高级语法
不定式
1
不定式的作用
,
作各种成分
作主语
err is
human; to forgive, divine.
犯错人皆难免，宽恕则属超凡。
love for the sake of being loved is human, but to
love for the sake of loving is angelic.
因为被爱而爱，是人之常情；因为爱而爱，则难能可贵（超凡脱俗
)
< br>。
It is
结构
Bush’s remark
s:
Education is the best anti-crime
program. It is important to enforce law. It is
important to hold people accountable
for their actions. It is important to have
consistent policy that
says, if you
harm somebody, there will be a punishment for that
harm. But in the best interests for
my
country, the long-term solution is to make sure
the education system works for everybody.
And
when
that
happens,
there
will
be
a
more
hopeful
future
for
people,
and
there
will
be
less
poverty, less hopelessness, and less
crime.
小布什的言论：教育是遏制犯罪的最佳方法。它对于加强法制十分重要，
对于敦促人们为
自己的行为负责十分重要，对于制定稳定持续的政策十分重要，这也就是
说伤人者必受惩
罚。但是为我国的最大利益着想，一个长期的解决方案是要确认教育体系
为所有人服务，
若果真如此，人们的未来将会更有希望，贫穷、失望以及犯罪将会更少。
It is easy for
the growing number of “china watchers” through the
world, enthralled by the rapid
emergence of a front-ranking economic
power setting new development records with each
passing
year, to overlook the fact that
the past half-century has been an unusual
difficult time in which to
perform such
feats.
有越来越多的来自世界各地的
“
中国观察家们
”
，因为看到中国快速地成为了经济强国
，其
经济发展排名一直靠前，并且每年都在经济发展的领域创造新纪录，他们为此感到着
迷，
所以他们很容易忽略这样一个事实：在过去的半个世纪里能够取得如此巨大的成就是
非常
不容易的。
This is
impossible for people to stare directly at the
sun.*
人们不可能直视太阳。
This
改为
It
其他结构
It takes
time and effort to master English.
要掌握英语得花费时间，付出努力。
It is my duty to help you with English.
帮你学英语是我的责任。
思维差异比较
It is
impossible for us to master English in a short
time.
You are against the regulation to
park your car here.*
It is against the
regulation for you to park your car here.
做宾语
结构一。
动词
+ to do
Why
should anyone bother ----- his treasure to help a
stranger?
a. risking to lose.
B. to risk
losing
c. risking losing
d. to risk to
lose
答案
B
为什
么竟然会有人冒着失去自己财产的风险而去帮助一个陌生人呢？
英
语
中
常
需
要
接
不
定
式
作
宾
语
的
动
词
有
,afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,
begin,bother,care,choose,consent,dare,decide,deter
mine,expect,fail,forget,happen,hate,hel
p,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean
,neglect,
offer,prefer,prepare,pretend,p
romise,propose,refuse,regret,remember,seem,start,s
wear,trouble,try,
want,wish
等。
结构二。
动词
+
疑问词
+ to do
I don’t know whether to answer
his letter.
我不知道是否要给他回信。
Wherever you are in your life, your
habits determine 95% of your thoughts, feelings
and actions.
This book shows you how to
develop the lifelong habits for great success.
无论你身处人生的何种阶段，你的日常习惯决定了你的思想、感情和行为的
95%
。这本书
将向你展示的是，你该如何培养良好的终生
习惯以取得人生的成功。
1
Every aspect of
our life is determined by our habits, including
relationships with those we love.
This
book
teaches
you
how
to
acquire
new
habits
that
can
help
improve
your
relationships
automatically.
我们生活的方方面面，包括与
那些我们所爱的人之间的关系，都是由我们的习惯决定的。
这本书将教会你如何培养新的
好习惯，以此来自动改善你们之间的关系！
结构三
动
词
+it+
宾
语
补
足
语
+to
do
He feels it
challenging to be a marketing supervisor.
他认为担任市场总监很具有挑战性。
Every reader finds
himself.
The writer’s work is merely a kind of optical
instrument that makes it
possible for
the reader to discern what, without this book, he
would perhaps never have seen in
himself.
作者的工作只是起着一种类似光学仪器的作
用，如果没有这本书作这样的仪器，读者可能
就不会发现自己从未觉察到的一面，而这本
书使之成为可能。
There are over 100
night schools in the city, making it possible for
a professional to be re-educated
no
matter what he does.
这座城市里有一百多所夜校，因此对于那
些在职人员来说，不论他们从事的是什么行业，
都有可能接受继续教育。
Using many symbols makes -----to
put a large amount of information on a single map.
a. possible
b. it is possible
c.
it possible
d.
that possible
答案
C
通过
使用多种不同的符号，才有可能在一张地图上给出大量的信息。
the computer makes possible a marvelous
leap in human proficiency.
计算机使得人类的工作效率有了极大的飞跃。
The development of steel nibs makes it
possible to develop pens.
The
development of steel nibs makes possible the
development of pens.
The development of
steel nibs makes it possible that people can
develop pens.
钢制笔尖的发展使钢笔得到了发展。
Many people consider impossible what
really is possible.
很多人把完全有可能的事情认为是不可能发生的。
The panel has not yet reached agreement
on a crucial question. However, whether to
recommend
legislation that would make
it a crime for private funding to be used for
human cloning.
然而，这个专家委员会在一个关键性的问题上仍未达成
一致意见，那就是是否建议立法，
将私人资金用于克隆人视为犯罪行为。
做宾语补足语
There
is
still
good
availability
of
some
of
the
hottest
toys
this
Christmas,
but
we
still
advise
parents and shoppers to get to stores
as early as possible next week.
这个圣诞节期间
一些热门玩具仍货源充足，但我们还是建议家长和购物者下周尽早去商店
购买。
Allow me to drink to your
success!
让我为你的成功干杯！
The chairman declared the meeting to be
over.
主席宣布会议结束。
Then our sense of timidity can cause us
to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a
step until we
know the ground is safe.
我们的胆怯心理往往会使我们犹豫不决、行动迟缓，等到我们确信一切安全后方才采取行
动。
In hot, dry
regions, the sun’s heat causes the
outer layer of rocks------,process called
exfoliation.
a.
are expanded and peeled away
b. to expand and peel away
c. expanding and peeling away
d. they expand and peel away.
答案
B
在炎热、干旱的地区，太阳的热使得岩石外表面膨胀、剥落，
这个过程叫做脱落。
不定式的作用
作定语（名词
+to
do
）
2
He is the best
man to choose.
主谓关系：由他来作出选择是最好的。
动宾关系：他是最佳的人选。
宾语关系
I have a
letter to write.
I need a pen to
write.*
with
I need some
paper to write.*
on
作不定式中的动词的宾语
We had a long journey to make before
nightfall.
在天黑前，我们还有很长的路要赶。
I gave the kid a comic to read.
我给这孩子一本连环画看。
作不定式中的介词的宾语
She
has four children to take care of.
I
had no place to live in.
They
say
a
person
needs
just
three
things
to
be
truly
happy
in
this
world---someone
to
love ,something to do,
something
to hope for.
人们常说，一个人若有了三样东西，他就会真正感到幸福：有人爱，有事做，有希望。
you just regard me as a thing,
an object to look at, to use, to touch, but not to
listen to or to take
seriously.
你只是把我当作一件东西，一件任你看、任你用、任你抚摸的东西，但就是不听我的话，
不认真对待我。
Why don’t you
get a backpack to carry your books in?
你为什么不买一个双肩背包来装你的书呢？
If I were abro
ad, I’d travel
around the country as much as I could and try to
find as many people
as
possible,
not
only
to
practice
the
language
on
but
to
have
discussions
with,
and
I’d
hope
to
make some real friends. <
/p>
我要是出国，会尽量广泛地周游这个国家，设法尽可能多地结识一些人，不仅以他们柞为<
/p>
语言实践的对象，而且要和他们讨论问题。我希望结识一些真正的朋友。
< br>
I have no language partner to
practice speaking English*
with.
主语关系
The man to help us is n.
能够帮你的人就是约翰逊先生。
The next train to arrive is from New
York.
下一列到达的火车是从纽约开来的。
Clint was the only person to survive
the air crash.
克林特是这次空难事故中唯一的幸存者。
同位语关系
The need to
love and to be loved seems universal. Maybe this
is one trait that separates human
beings from other animals.
爱
与被爱的需要似乎是人类普遍的特性，或许正是这一特性把人和动物区分开了。
He refused to co-operate with us.
他拒绝与我们合作。
His
refusal to co-operate makes us angry.
他拒绝与我们合作，这让我们很生气。
I don’t wish to change.
I have no wish to change.
我不愿意改变。
ent,
attempt , decision , determination, failure, hope,
need , plan promise, wish.
All this increased my determination to
learn English well.
There is no need to
worry at all.
y, patience , eagerness,
ambition , reluctance
等
I don’t doubt your ability to do the
work.
3
I think he has
the patience to keep silence so long.
She was reluctant to accept his
invitation.
她很不愿意接受他的邀请。
Her reluctance to accept his invitation
upset him.-
她很不愿意接受他的邀请，这使他很心烦。
They were eager to help me.
他们非常热心地帮助我。
Their
eagerness to help pleased me.
他们的热心帮助真让我高兴。
In
order to grow, to travel new roads , people need
to have a willingness to take risks, to confront
the unknown, and to accept
t
he possibility that they may “fail” at
first. How we see ourselves as
we try a
new way of being is essential to our ability to
grow.
为了成长，为了踏上新的人生征途，人们需要勇于承担风险，面对未知以及
接受可能的出
师不利导致的失败。在尝试新事物时我们如何看待自己，这对我们成长能力
的培养至关重
要。
A
decision ----- stock by one or a few of these
large companies
may have a
very important effect on the market as a whole.
a. buying or to sell
b.
to buy or selling
c. buying
or selling
d. to buy or sell
答案
D
一两家大公司若是决定在市场上买
进或卖出股票，都可能会对整个股票市场造成很大的影
响。
According to Darwin, rando
m
changes that enhance a species’ ability for
surviving are naturally
selected and
passed on to succeeding generations.*
根
据达尔文的遗传学理论，某一物种的某些改变若是能够提高该物种的生存能力，那么这
种
改变自然就会被选择保存下来，并传给下一代。
状语关系
Role playing
is a safe and enjoyable way to learn English.
角色扮演是一个安全并且自得其乐的英语学习方式。
There are two basic ways to see growth:
one as a product, the other as a process. In this
process,
the journey never really ends;
there are always new ways to experience the world
,new ideas to try,
new challenges to
accept.
基本上有两种方式来看待成长：一种是把成长看成是一个结果，另一种
是把成长看作是一
个过程。在这个成长的过程中，人生的旅程永远没有尽头，因为总会不
断经历新世界，尝
试新观念，接受新挑战。
The time to go is July.
应该在<
/p>
7
月份去。
不定式的作用
形容词
+to do
Is my
wish to become a scientist possible ---?
Yes, your wish is sure __
a. to realize, to realize
b. to be
realized , to be realized
c. to realize , to be realized
d. to be realized , to
realize.
A:
我想成为科学家这个愿望能够实现吗？
B:
当然能，你的愿望一定能实现。
He is easy to fool.
He is
afraid to be fooled.
l)
他很容易被
骗。
2)
他很害怕被骗。
He is easy to please.
He is
eager to please.
他很容易被取悦。他很喜欢取悦别人。
He is interesting to listen to.
听他讲话很有意思。
宾语关系
(
一
) he is
interesting to listen to
He is
interesting to listen to.
He is easy to
fool.
He is difficult to understand.
他讲话的意思很难理解。
4