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新版八年级上册英语第一至三单元知识点
Unit1
Where did you go on vacation?
1.
on
vacation
度假
vacation
意为“假期、假日”
,相当于
holiday
,但
vacation
表示长的假期。如:
p>
the long vacation
长假
the summer
vacation
暑假
the
Christmas vacation
圣诞假期
而
holiday
(尤其美国)指“假日;休息
日;休假”
。
on
vacation = on holiday
意为“度假”
2. anything interesting
一些有趣的东西
1
< br>)
something
,
any
thing
,
nothing
,
everything
是指
物
的不定代词。
somebody
,
someone
,
anybody
,
anyone
,
nobody
,
everybody
,
everyone
是指
人
的不定代
词。
somewhere
,
anywh
ere
,
nowhere
,
everywhere
是指
地点
< br>的不定代词。
2
)当形容词修
饰
something, anything, nothing,
everything
等不定代词时,放在这些词的后面;
<
/p>
3
)这些不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。如:
p>
Is everybody here?
大家都到齐了吗?
4
)
something
,
so
mebody
,
someone
,
p>
somewhere
用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中,而<
/p>
anything
,
anybody
p>
,
anyone
,
anywhere
用于否定句及疑问句中。如:
Did you do anything interesting?
你做了有趣的事吗?(表疑问)
Why don
’
t you
visit someone with me?
你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢?(表建议)
3.
buy sth. for
sb.
或
buy sb. sth
如:
My parents often buy some
books for me. = My parents often buy me some
books.
我父母经常给我买书。
4.
提建议的句子:
①
What/ how about +doing
sth.?
如:
What/ How about going
shopping?
②
Why
don’t you +
do sth.?
如:
Why don’t
you
go shopping?
③
Why
not + do sth. ?
如:
Why not go shopping?
④
Let’s +
do sth.
如:
Let’s go shopping
⑤
Shall we/ I +
do sth.?
如:
Shall we/ I go shopping?
5.
long time no
see
好久不见
1
6.
quite a few
相当多
a few
与
a little
的区别,
few
与
little
的区别
⑴
a few
一些
修饰可数名词
a little
一些
修饰不可数名词
两者都表肯定意义
如:
He has a few
friends.
他有一些朋友。
There is a little sugar in
the bottle.
在瓶子里有一些糖。
⑵
few
少数的
修饰可数名词
little
少数的
修饰不可数名词
但两者都表否定意义
如:
He has few
friends.
他没有几个朋友。
There is little sugar in the
bottle.
在瓶子里没有多少糖。
7.
most of …
…
的大多数
如:
most of the time
大多数时间
8.
Still no one
seemed
to be bored.
仍然没有人感到烦闷。
p>
1
)
seem
意为
“好像;似乎;看来”
,是个连系动词,构成的短语有:
seem to do sth.
好像做某事
如:
They seem to
talk in class.
他们似乎上课说话。
seem
(
to
be
)
+adj.
似乎
......
如:
He seemed ( to
be) ill yesterday.
昨天他似乎病了。
It seems that +
从句
似乎
......
如:
It seems that
he was ill yesterday.
昨天他似乎病了。
2
)
bored
作形容词,意为“烦闷的;厌倦的”其主语是
p>
某人
;
而
boring
也是形容词,其主语
是
某物
。
如:
?
My
parents ask me to do homework all day. I feel
bored.
我父母整天叫我做作业,我感到很厌倦。
?
Doing homework all day is a
little boring.
整天做作业有点无聊。
相类似的词语还有:
interested adj.
感兴趣的
interesting adj.
有趣的
surprised adj.
感到惊奇的
surprising adj.
惊奇的
tired
累的
tiring
令人疲惫的
excited
兴奋的
exciting
令人兴奋
/
激动的
amazed
惊讶的
amazing
令人惊讶的
9.
辨析:
get to/reach/arrive
牢记:
相同点:都是“到达“的意思
不同点:
get to+
地点
/reach+
地点
arrive
at+
小地点(车站等)
/arrive
in+
大地点(国家等)
注意:若他
们后面要加地点副词
here,there,home
等,则不
需要加介词。
2
10. enjoy doing
sth .
喜欢做
…
乐意做
…
如:
She
enjoys
playing
football.
她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself
过得愉快
如:
He enjoyed himself.
他过得很愉快。
跟它意思相近的词组还有
have
a good great time , have
fun
。
11.
decide
意为“决定”
,是动词
。它的名词形式为
decision
。构成的短语有:
decide
to do sth.
decide on doing sth.
决定做某事
make a decision to do sth.
决定不要做某事,要用
decide not to do
sth.
。
如:
Li Lei has decided to go
to Beijing .
李雷已经决定去北京。
12.
nothing...but
...
意为“除
......
之外;<
/p>
只有”
,如:
I have nothing to do but watch TV all
day long.
我整天除了看电视什么也没干。
13 .
feel
like
意为:
“有什么感觉;感受
到”
,后跟宾语从句。另外,构成短语
feel like doing sth.
意为“想
做某事”
。如:
I
felt like I was a bird.
我感觉我是一只鸟。
I feel
like eating.
我想吃东西。
14
.
because of ,
because
:
because of +
名词<
/p>
/
代词
/
名词性
短语
I had to move
because of my
job.
因为工作的原因
我得搬家。
because +
从句
如:
I do it
because
I like it.
我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
15.
below
意为“在
......
下面
”
,其反义词为
above
,意为“在
......
上面”
16. bring +
地点,
< br>意为“带来”
,其反义词是
take
。如:
Please
bring
your book to our
school.
请把你的书带到我们学校来。
Please
take
your
book to your school.
请把你的书带到你的学校去。
足够
形容词+
enough
如:
beautiful
enough
足够漂亮
enough
+名词
如:
enough food
足够食物
enough to
足够
…
去做
…
如:
I have enough
money to go to Beijing.
我有足够的钱去北京。
She is old
enough to go to school.
她够大去读书了。
18.
so … that
如此
…
以致于
p>
引导结果状语从句,
so
后面接
形容词、副词
.
that
后面跟
从句
。
如:
She was so sad that
she couldn’t
say a word.
她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。
3
19. taste
good
尝起来很好吃。
taste
系动词用法
“尝起来
”
后
+
形容词。
其他表示状态的系动词有
:
feel
(觉
得)
keep
(保持)
stay
(保持)
seem
(好像)
look
(看来像
……
p>
)
smell
(闻起来)
< br>sound
(听起来
……
)
p>
taste
(尝起来
……
< br>)
系动词与形容词连用
I feel sick
。
我感到难受。
Keep quiet
,
please
!
请安静下来!
The
weather stays very
hot
。天气非常热。
He
seems very clever
。
他好像很聪明。
Jim looks
like his father
。
吉姆长得像他父亲。
The fish smells
terrible.
这鱼闻起来坏了。
That sounds a good
idea
。
那听起来是个好主意。
The
soup tastes very
delicious
。这汤尝起来非常香。
Unit2
How often do you exercise?
1. exercise
的用法
v/n
1
)
动词,
锻炼,既可以作不可数名词“锻炼”讲,也可作可数名词“练习”讲。
He
exercises every day
。
We often
do / take exercise on weekends.
2
)
do morning
exercises
做早操
do eye exercises
做眼保健操
Doing morning
exercises is good for our health.
做早操对我们的健康有益。
2
.
No, I never go
shopping.
不,
我从不购物
。
(
1
)
go
shopping
意为“去购物”。
Go+ v. Ing
形式表示进行某项活动。如:
Go
swimming/
shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking
p>
去游泳
/
购物
/<
/p>
滑冰
/
滑雪
/<
/p>
钓鱼
/
爬山
/<
/p>
徒步旅行。
(
2
)
never
为频率副词,意思是<
/p>
“
从不
”
。
p>
【辨析】:
频率副词
always,
usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never
频率副词
always
usually
often
sometimes
hardly ever
never
词义
总是
通常
经常
有时
几乎不
从不
频率
100%
90%
80%
50%
10%
0%
英文释义
all the time
often, generally
(at) many
times
at times, now and then
almost not, not at all
not
ever, not at any time
3.
—
How often do you watch TV?
你多久看一次电视?
—
Twice a week.
一周两次。
4
(
1
)
how
often
表示
“
多久一次
”
,
是对
动作的频率进行
提问
。
可用于回答表示频率的副词,
如
always, usually,
often,
sometimes, hardly ever, never
等,
< br>或用于回答表示频率的短语,
如
once a day
(
一天一次
)
,
twice a week
(
一周两次
)
,
four times a month (
一个月四次
)
,
eve
ry day (
每一天
)
等。如:<
/p>
▲—
How often does
he surf the Internet?
他多久在网上冲浪一次?
—
Once a week.
一周一次。
(
2
)
twice a week
意
思是
“
一周两次
”
是一个表示频率的短语,表示频率的短语一般是由
“
次数+
a
+时间名
词
”
构成;
表示
“
一次或两次
”
时,
一般用
once
和
twice
表
示,
而表示
“
三次或三次以上
”
时,
则用
“
数词+
times”
结构。如:
once a month (
一个月一次
)
,
twice a day (
一天两次
)
,
three times a week
(
一周三次),
five times a
year (
一年五次
)
等。
(
3
)
p>
疑问词
how
的用法
1
)
怎样,用什么手段,方法
p>
/
交通工具
How did he do it? / I
don’t
know how to swim.
How
do you come
to school?
(2)
情况如何(指身体健康状况)
How are you?
(3) how many
,
how
much
表示
“
多少
< br>”
how
many
后接可数名词复数,
how
much
接不可数名词。
How many times do
you go to the park?
How much are
those pants?
(4)how many times
询问多少次,其答语表示次数。如:
once
twice
,
three
times
等
How many
times do you go to the movies a month? About three
times.
(5) How old...?
询问年龄
How old are
you?
I am five.
(6) How about…?
……
如何?
……
怎么样?
How about going to the movies?
(7)how long
询问多长时间,其答语表示一段时间,如:
for two
days
,
for three
hours
等。
How long will it take to get to the
station
?
About
half an hour
。
(8)how soon
用来询问过多久,多久以后,其答语是
in two
hours
,
in three
days
等。
How soon wil he come
back
?
In an hour
。
4. be free
意为“有空”是形容词,
其反义词为“
be busy
”
。
free
的另一种意思是“自由的;不受约束的”
,
其名词形式为
freedom
。还有一个意思是“免费的”
,如:
They
enjoy free medical care.
他们享受免费医疗。
5. be
full
意为“满的;忙的”是形容词,
其反义词有:
full(
p>
满的
)
——
p>
empty
(空的)
,
full(
饱的
)
——
hungry
(饿的)
。如:
I am full, so I
don
’
t want anything.
我饱了,所以我不想要了。
6.
eat breakfast<
/p>
意为
“吃早饭”
同义词组为
have breakfast
,
其中间不加冠词,
但当三餐前有形容词修饰时,
要加不
定冠词
a
或
an
。如:
have a big dinner
吃一顿丰盛的晚餐
5
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