GET 02-10 英译汉真题及答案

02-10

英译汉真题及答案

1.

The reason for not classifying carbon dioxide as a pollutant is that it

is

a

natural

component

of

the

atmosphere

and

needed

by

plants

to

carry

out

biological

synthesis.

No

one

would

argue

that

carbon

dioxide is

a necessary component of the atmosphere

any more than

one would argue the fact

that Vitamin D is

necessary in

the human

diet.

However,

excess

intake

of

Vitamin

D

can

be

extremely

toxic.

Living systems, be they an ecosystem or an organism, require that a

delicate balance be maintained between certain

compounds in

order

for the system to function normally. When the excess presence of one

substance threatens the wellbeing of an ecosystem, it becomes toxic

despite the fact

that it is

required in

small quantities. (GET Jun 10,

124 words)

2.

Human

progress

is

greatly

accelerated

by

the

use

of

language

in

cultural

transmission;

the

knowledge

and

experience

acquired

by

a

particular person can be passed on to another in language, so that no

amount

of

demonstration

can

replace

the

role

of

language.

In

this

connection the importance of the invention of printing can never be

exaggerated. At the present time the achievements of anyone in any

part of the world can be made available and accessible to anyone else

able

to

read

and

capable

of

understanding

what

is

involved.

From

these uses of language, spoken or written, the most developed animal

communication system, though given the courtesy title of language, is

worlds away. (GET Jan 10, 114 words)

3.

Changes and developments in a science are determined by numerous

causes. Every science grows from its past, and the state reached in a

previous

generation

provides

the

starting

point

for

the

next.

But

no

science

is

carried

on

in

a

vacuum,

without

reference

to

or

contact

with

other

sciences

and

the

general

atmosphere

for

learning.

Scientists and men of learning are also men of their age and country,

and they can’t live independent of the culture. Besides its own past,

the

course

of

science

is

also

affected

by

the

social

context

of

its

contemporary world and the intellectual premises in it. Applications

of

the

science

and

the

expectations

that

others

have

of

it

may

be

a

very important determinant of the direction of its growth and changes.

(GET Jun 09, 128 words)

4.

When dominant innovators in a science respond to the challenge of a

situation

that

demands

some

change

in

its

practice,

this

may

take

a

number

of

forms,

and

rival

schools

may

grow

up

around

different

leaders responding differently to a particular situation. These rivalries

1

may be reinforced and perpetuated by the use of standard textbooks.

Any empirical science must be able to cope with its own phenomena,

and

once

any

observation

is

accepted

as

relevant,

its

theory

and

modes

of

description

and

analysis

must

be

able

to

handle

it

with

scientific

adequacy,

of

which

exhaustiveness,

consistency,

economy

are basic principles. The extension of a science to new but relevant

fields may require the further elaboration and presentation of existing

theory along previously-followed lines. (GET Jan 09, 124 words)

5.

Unlike

the

real

world,

where

personalities

are

complex,

motives

unclear,

and

outcomes

ambiguous,

television

presents

a

world

of

clarity and simplicity. In show after show, rewards and punishments

follow quickly and logically. Crises are resolved, problems are solved,

and justice always triumphs. The central

characters in

these dramas

are

clearly

defined:

dedicated

or

corrupt;

selfless

or

ambitious;

efficient or sentimental. To insure the widest acceptability and tell a

story

entertainingly,

the

plot

lines

follow

the

most

commonly

accepted notions of morality and justice, whether or not those notions

bear

much

resemblance

to

reality.

The

long

list

of

commercials

between parts of the play sometimes drives you crazy. (GET Jun 08,

108 words)

6.

British previous colonial policies led to the spread of English across

the

world.

This

wide

use

of

English

has

been

reinforced

by

the

sweeping influence of the U. S. However, the dominance of English

as an international language is considered both a blessing and a curse.

For

one

thing,

it

has

accelerated

the

extinction

of

some

languages.

People have been wondering about the possibility of creating a global

language which might hold promises for an end to language-caused

troubles

and

conflicts.

Unfortunately,

attempts

to

harmonize

world

languages have met with little success as a result of the reluctance of

native speakers of a particular language to adopt another language as

their mother tongue. To discard one’s native language is to have the

distinct features of his nation erased. (GET Jan 08, 129 words)

7.

In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and

worth

serious

consideration.

But

as

any

experienced

writer

knows,

there

are

occasions

when

even

the

best

advice

may

not

apply.

The

demands of writing for

different

audiences, with different

purposes,

on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that

they

cannot

begin

to

be

anticipated

in

a

book

like

this,

and

we

recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be

2

appropriate

for

another.

In

most

cases,

you

will

have

to

avoid

ambiguity

at

all

costs

so

as

not

to

leave

your

words

open

to

misinterpretation. (GET Jun 07, 107 words)

8.

One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it

puts

different

societies

and

cultures

in

much

greater

direct

contact

with

one

another.

It

connects

people

to

people

much

faster

than

people

and

cultures

can

often

prepare

themselves.

Some

cultures

thrive

on

the

sudden

opportunities

for

collaboration

that

this

global

intimacy makes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated

by

this

close

contact,

which,

among

other

things,

makes

it

easy

for

people to

see where they

stand in

the world

in

relation

to

everyone

else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of the most

devastating

forces

today

—

the

suicide

bombers

and

other

terrorist

organizations which have no regard for human lives and which it is in

our best interest to wipe out. (GET Jan 07, 130 words)

9.

Social progress has done away with the need for backbreaking work

and has provided time and leisure for personality development. With

it, indeed because of it, today the middle-class family expects each of

its

members

to

develop

his

unique

personality,

and

so

does

each

individual, more or less, himself. This new obligation of the family to

provide a setting for the development of a unique personality makes

family

consensus

extremely

difficult,

if

not

impossible.

Nothing

is

more

problematic

for

a

small

group

of

quite

different,

unique

individuals than to live in close quarters, in close harmony with each

other. Besides, the necessity of cultivating teenagers’ moral character

adds to the difficulty in parenting. (GET Jun 06, 114 words)

10.

The wise man knows the place of these things in the scheme of life as

a whole. He knows that money and possessions are means, not ends.

He

knows

the

difference

between

pleasures

of

the

moment

and

enduring

satisfactions,

between

being

great

and

being

famous,

between

reverence

and

superstition,

between

solidity

and

show

in

literature, art, and life. He knows that in the human lot some evils are

unavoidable, that loss and disease and old age are bound to come; and

he has made his peace with their coming. (GET Dec 05, 90 words)

11.

The book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across

the

country.

It

is

based

on

the

belief

that

philosophy

is

a

genuinely

exciting

subject,

accessible

not

only

to

specialists

and

a

few

gifted

undergraduate

majors

but

to

everyone.

Everyone

is

a

philosopher,

whether enrolled in

a philosophical

course or not. The difference is

3

that

someone

who

has

studied

philosophy

systematically

has

the

advantage of having encountered stronger and more varied arguments

than might have been available otherwise. What is special about this

book is that it offers introductory students the opportunity of having

direct

contact

with

substantial

readings

from

significant

books

on

philosophy, but without the unreasonable demand that they confront

these books in full, which are often incomprehensible. (GET Jun 05,

122 words)

12.

Quitting

smoking

is

more

of

a

matter

of

willpower

than

that

of

individual

choice,

for

smoking

is

widely

recognized

as

addictive.

Although

counseling

and

medication

can

increase

the

odds

that

a

smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to

take

up

smoking

to

begin

with.

The

irreversible

effects

of

cigarette

smoking

vary

in

intensity

and

are

related

both

to

the

amount

and

duration

of

exposure

and

the

age

at

which

the

person

is

initially

exposed.

This

report

challenges

the

notion

that

a

few

years

of

exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We

hope

to

discourage

this

prevalent

but

vital

habit

and

suggest

that

tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from

smoking increases. (GET Jan 05, 122 words)

13.

As

a

branch

of

cognitive

science,

linguistics

has

undergone

systematic

inquiry

and

elaboration

in

terms

of

language

acquisition

and classification. When it comes to language learning, the spelling

of Chinese characters is notoriously difficult to Westerners, who are

often

left

puzzled

about

numerous

strokes.

In

China,

the

myth

remains that maximum efficiency can be achieved by exposing young

children

to

native

speakers

as

early

as

possible.

However,

a

more

profound

insight

into

the

process

of

language

acquisiti

on

won’t

be

gained

until

studies

of

the

brain

have

developed

to

the

point

where

the

function

of

each

part

of

the

brain

is

brought

to

light.

The

eagerness

to

make

children

proficient

in

English

on

the

part

of

parents in China is open to question. (GET Jun 04, 123 words)

14.

Although

the

Bush

administration

has

pledged

its

commitment

to

have Iraqis run their government on their own, peace and order will

be long in coming. On one hand, Saddam remains unaccounted for.

On

the

other

hand,

surging

violence,

cases

of

bloodshed,

suicide

bombings and people’s taking to streets to protest have plunged the

U.S. in an embarrassing situation. Recently, President Bush has made

some

remarks

that

appear

intended

to

address

criticism

from

the

Democratic presidential candidates that top decision-makers failed to

anticipate

the

mounting

difficulties

lying

ahead.

It’s

hoped

that

the

4

UN

can

get

actively

involved

in

the

reconstruction

of

this

war-torn

country and play a more positive role in finding a peaceful solution to

problems confronting Iraqis. (GET Jan 04, 119 words)

15.

What’s strange about man is that he has yet to learn to settle disputes

by some means other than war. Not only does war take a heavy toll of

lives,

but

leads

to

increased

tension.

The

use

of

sophisticated

weapons is apt to bring about disasters to human health, although the

reluctance to eliminate weapons of mass destruction on the part of the

big powers will not necessarily end up with conflicts. The chances are

that man will have his own civilization destroyed if the notion of the

survival of the fittest still applies to the international community. We

cannot help wondering how many years it will take for the world to

eliminate war once for all. (GET Jun 03, 118 words)

16.

In

the

United

States,

the

use

of

teleconferencing

and

videoconferencing rose by more than 50 percent last year, and more

companies

are

thinking

twice

before

sending

large

armies

of

employees

on

business

excursion.

Many

medium-sized

businesses

expect

their

employees

to

travel

in

economy

class,

or

stay

over

a

Saturday

night

just

to

avoid

getting

stuck

with

too

expensive

full-price

business

fares.

And

more

and

more

businesses

are

participating

in

“fractional

jet

ownership”

schemes,

in

which

companies buy shares in corporate jets, entitling their employees to a

certain

number of exclusive flying hours onboard. (GET Jan 03, 94

words)

17.

The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If

we do not stand against terrorism now, every civilized nation will at

some

point

be

its

target.

We

will

defeat

the

terrorists

by

destroying

their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists

by

building

an

enduring

prosperity

that

promises

more

opportunity

and better lives for all the world’s people. The countries of the Pacific

Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and the

result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The

peoples

of

this

region

are

more

prosperous,

healthier,

and

better

educated than they were only two decades ago. And this progress has

proved that openness can accomplish. (GET Jun 02, 124 words)

18.

Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate

forecasts can depend on how well-

established a company’s products

are.

“Young

industries

on

steep

growth

curves

are

alm

ost

always

surprised

by

how

well

their

products

do

in

the

first

few

years,

and

then they’re at a loss when demand falls,” says a Stanford University

5

business

strategy professor. “In

a highly dynamic and unpredictable

market people are going to make mistake

s. It’s inherent in the type of

business.”

In

many

corners

of

Silicon

Valley—

and

elsewh ere

—

unpredictability

is

inevitable.

One

solution:

keep

innovating

but

develop

sound

services

businesses

to

sell

with

products.

“Building

a

very

strong

service

business,”

a

company

president says, “smoothes out the rough spots between innovations.”

(GET Jan 02, 120 words)

参考答案

1.

之所以不把二氧化碳列为污染物，是因为二氧化碳是大气 的天然

成分，植物进行生物合成需要二氧化碳。正如人们普遍认为人的

< br>饮食不可缺少维生素

D

一样，

也 都认为二氧化碳是大气不可缺少

的成分。

但是摄入过多的维生素

D

会有很大的副作用。

生命系统，

不论是生态系统还是生物，都需要在某些化合物之间保持微妙的

平衡 ，以确保系统功能正常。尽管少量的某种物质是必要的，但

当该物质过量出现威胁生态系 统的健康时，就具有了毒副作用。

(GET Jun 10)

2.

语言用于文化传播极大地加速了人类的进步。任何一个人 积累的

知识和经验都可通过语言传给另一人，结果是，再多的演示（示

< br>范）也无法取代语言的作用。从此意义上说，发明印刷术的重要

性不论怎样夸大都 不过分。

目前，

只要有文化并理解涉及的内容，

任何人都能得到和利用世界任何地方的任何成就。最发达的动物

交流系统尽管被 授予语言的雅号，

但同使用口头或笔头语言相比，

也有天壤之别 。

(GET Jan 10)

3.

某一学科的变化和进展（进步）取决于众多因素。每一学科都是

6