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2017
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题
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【答案】
Section
I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the
best word (s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
(10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the
doctor away? The answer may be a resounding
1 helping you feel close and
2 to people
you
care about,
it turns out
that hugs can
bring
a
3
of
health
benefits
to
your
body
and
mind.
Believe
it
or
not,
a
warm
embrace
might even help you
4 getting sick this winter.
In a recent
study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from
Carnegie Mellon
University
in
Pennsylvania
examined
the
effects
of
perceived
social
support
and
the
receipt of hugs 6 the participants'
susceptibility to developing the common cold
after being 7 to the virus .People who
perceived greater social support were less
likely
to
come
8
with
a
cold
,and
the
researchers
9
that
the
stress-
reducing
effects
of hugging
10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11
among those who got
a cold, the ones
who felt greater social support and received more
frequent hugs
had less severe 12 .
protects
people
who
are
under
stress
from
the
13
risk
for
colds
that's
usually
14
with
stress,
notes
Sheldon
Cohen,
a
professor
of
psychology
at
Carnegie.
Hugging
help 16 difficulty.
Some
experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related
benefits of hugging to
the
release
of
oxytocin,
often
called
bonding
hormone
18
it
promotes
attachment
in
relationships,
including
that
between
mother
and
their
newborn
babies.
Oxytocin
is
made
primarily
in
the
central
lower
part
of
the
brain
,
and
some
of
it
is
released
into the bloodstream. But some of it 19
in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior
and physiology.
1
．
[A] Unlike [B]
Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout
2
．
[A] connected
[B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior
3
．
[A] choice [B]
view [C] lesson [D] host
4
．
[A] recall [B]
forget [C] avoid [D] keep
5
．
[A] collecting
[B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting
6
．
[A] of [B] in
[C] at [D] on
7
．
[A] devoted [B]
exposed [C] lost [D] attracted
8
．
[A] across [B]
along [C] down [D] out
9
．
[A] calculated
[B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined
10
．
[A] served [B]
required [C] restored [D] explained
11
．
[A] Even [B]
Still [C] Rather [D] Thus
12
．
[A] defeats
[B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors
13
．
[A] minimized
[B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased
14
．
[A] equipped
[B] associated [C] presented [D] compared
15
．
[A] assess [B]
moderate [C] generate [D] record
16
．
[A] in the
face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D]
in the name
of
17
．
[A] transfer
[B] commit [C] attribute [D] return
18
．
[A] because
[B] unless [C] though [D] until
19
．
[A] emerges
[B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases
20
．
[A]
experiences [B] combines [C] justifies
[D]influences
Section II Reading
Comprehension
Part
A
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
texts.
Answer
the
questions
below
each
text
by
choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark
your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two
hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance
authorities are
recommending
people
show
up
to
catch
a
domestic
flight
,
at
least
at
some
major
U.S.
airports with increasingly massive
security lines.
Americans
are
willing
to
tolerate
time-consuming
security
procedures
in
return
for
increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight
804,which terrorists may have
downed
over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another
tragic reminder of why. But
demanding
too much of air travelers or providing too little
security in return
undermines public
support for the process. And it should: Wasted
time is a drag on
Americans' economic
and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last
year,
the
Transportation
Security
Administration
(TSA)
found
in
a
secret
check that undercover
investigators were able to sneak weapons---both
fake and
real-past
airport
security
nearly
every
time
they
tried
.Enhanced
security
measures
since then, combined with a rise in
airline travel due to the improving Chicago's
O'Hare
International
.It
is
not
yet
clear
how
much
more
effective
airline
security
has become-but the
lines are obvious.
Part
of
the
issue
is
that
the
government
did
not
anticipate
the
steep
increase
in
airline
travel
,
so
the
TSA
is
now
rushing
to
get
new
screeners
on
the
line.
Part
of the
issue is that airports have only so much room for
screening lanes. Another
factor may be
that more people are trying to overpack their
carry-on bags to avoid
checked-baggage
fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There
is
one
step
the
TSA
could
take
that
would
not
require
remodeling
airports
or
rushing
to
hire:
Enroll
more
people
in
the
PreCheck
program.
PreCheck
is
supposed
to be a win-win for
travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a
background check
are eligible to use
expedited screening
lanes. This allows
the TSA wants to enroll
25 million
people in PreCheck.
It
has
not
gotten
anywhere
close
to
that,
and
one
big
reason
is
sticker
shock.
Passengers
must
pay
$$85
every
five
years
to
process
their
background
checks.
Since
the
beginning,
this
price
tag
has
been
PreCheck's
fatal
flaw.
Upcoming
reforms
might
bring the price to a
more reasonable level. But Congress should look
into doing so
directly, by helping
to
finance PreCheck
enrollment or
to cut costs in
other ways.
The
TSA
cannot
continue
diverting
resources
into
underused
PreCheck
lanes
while
most
of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary
lines. It is long past time to
make the
program work.
21. the crash of Egypt
Air Flight 804 is mentioned to
[A]
stress the urgency to strengthen security
worldwide.
[B] highlight the necessity
of upgrading major US airports.
[C]
explain Americans' tolerance of current security
checks.
[D] emphasis the importance of
privacy protection.
22.
which of the following contributions to long waits
at major airport?
[A] New restrictions
on carry-on bags.
[B] The declining
efficiency of the TSA.
[C] An increase
in the number of travelers.
[D]
Frequent unexpected secret checks.
word
[A] faster.
[B]
quieter.
[C] wider.
[D]
cheaper.
24. One problem with the
PreCheck program is
[A] A dramatic
reduction of its scale.
[B] Its
wrongly-directed implementation.
[C]
The government's reluctance to back it.
[D] An unreasonable price for
enrollment.
25. Which of the following
would be the best title for the text?
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes
Text 2
last
reigning
monarch,
in
1897.
Star
watchers
were
among
the
most
esteemed
members
of
Hawaiian
society.
Sadly,
all
is
not
well
with
astronomy
in
Hawaii
today.
Protests
have erupted over
construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a
giant
observatory that promises to
revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.
At
issue
is
the
TMT's
planned
location
on
Mauna
Kea,
a
dormant
volcano
worshiped
by some Hawaiians as the piko , that
connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.
But Mauna Kea is also home to some of
the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested
in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak
rises above the bulk of our planet's dense
atmosphere, where conditions allow
telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed
clarity.
Opposition to
telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small
but vocal group
of Hawaiians and
environments have long viewed their presence as
disrespect for
sacred land and a
painful reminder of the occupation of what was
once a sovereign
nation.
Some blame for the current controversy
belongs to astronomers. In their
eagerness to build bigger telescopes,
they forgot that science is the only way of
understanding
the
world.
They
did
not
always
prioritize
the
protection
of
Mauna
Kea's
fragile ecosystems or its holiness to
the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture
is not a relic of the past; it is a
living culture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural history,
too, with roots going back to the dawn of
civilization. The same curiosity to
find what lies beyond the horizon that first
brought
early
Polynesians
to
Hawaii's
shores
inspires
astronomers
today
to
explore
the heavens. Calls to disassemble all
telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future
development
there
ignore
the
reality
that
astronomy
and
Hawaiian
culture
both
seek
to
answer
big
questions
about
who
we
are,
where
we
come
from
and
where
we
are
going.
Perhaps that is why we explore the
starry skies, as if answering a primal calling
to know ourselves and our true
ancestral homes.
The astronomy
community is making compromises to change its use
of Mauna Kea.
The TMT site was chosen
to minimize the telescope's visibility around the
island
and to avoid archaeological and
environmental impact. To limit the number of
telescopes
on
Mauna
Kea,
old
ones
will
be
removed
at
the
end
of
their
lifetimes
and
their sites returned to a natural
state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be
welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their
cultural heritage and to study the stars.
26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in
Paragraph 1 indicates
[A] its
conservative view on the historical role of
astronomy.
[B] the importance of
astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C] the regrettable decline of
astronomy in ancient times.
[D] her
appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.
27. Mauna Kea is deemed as
an ideal astronomical site due to
[A]
its geographical features
[B] its
protective surroundings.
[C] its
religious implications.
[D] its
existing infrastructure.
28. The
construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals
partly because
[A] it may risk ruining
their intellectual life.
[B] it reminds
them of a humiliating history.
[C]
their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna
Kea.
29. It can be inferred from
Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy
[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient
Hawaiians.
[B] helps spread Hawaiian
culture across the world.
[C] may
uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians'
hostility.
30. The author's attitude
toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one
of
[A] severe criticism.
[B]
passive acceptance.
[C] slight
hesitancy.
[D] full approval.
Text 3
Robert F.
Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures
that
which
makes
life
worthwhile.
With
Britain
voting
to
leave
the
European
Union,
and GDP already predicted to slow as a
result, it is now a timely moment to assess
what he was referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness
has annoyed policymakers for over half
a century. Many argue that it is a
flawed concept. It measures things that do not
matter and misses things that do. By
most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been
the
envy
of
the
Western
world,
with
record
low
unemployment
and
high
growth
figures.
If
everything
was
going
so
well,
then
why
did
over
17
million
people
vote
for
Brexit,
despite
the
warnings
about
what
it
could
do
to
their
country's
economic
prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and
their ability to convert growth into
well-being sheds some light on that
question. Across the 163 countries measured,
the
UK
is
one
of
the
poorest
performers
in
ensuring
that
economic
growth
is
translated
into meaningful improvements for its
citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP,
over 40 different sets of criteria from
health, education and civil society
engagement
have
been
measured
to
get
a
more
rounded
assessment
of
how
countries
are
performing.
While all of these countries face their
own challenges , there are a number
of
consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding
economic recovery since the
2008 global
crash , but in key indicators in areas such as
health and education ,
major economies
have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the
case with all
countries . Some
relatively poor European countries have seen huge
improvements
across measures including
civil society , income equality and the
environment.
This
is
a
lesson
that
rich
countries
can
learn
:
When
GDP
is
no
longer
regarded
as the sole measure
of a country's success, the world looks very
different .
So, what Kennedy was
referring to was that while GDP has been the most
common
method
for
measuring
the
economic
activity
of
nations
,
as
a
measure
,
it
is
no
longer
enough
. It does not include important factors such as
environmental quality or
education
outcomes
-
all
things
that
contribute
to
a
person's
sense
of
well-being.
The sharp hit to
growth predicted around the world and in the UK
could lead
to
a
decline
in
the
everyday
services
we
depend
on
for
our
well-
being
and
for
growth
.
But
policymakers who refocus efforts on improving
well-being rather than simply
worrying
about
GDP
figures
could
avoid
the
forecasted
doom
and
may
even
see
progress
.
F. Kennedy is cited because he
[A]praised the UK for its GDP.
[B]identified GDP with happiness .
[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .
[D]had a low opinion of GDP .
can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that
[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its
economic pattern .
[B]GDP as the
measure of success is widely defied in the UK .
[C]the UK will contribute less to the
world economy .
[D]policymakers in the
UK are paying less attention to GDP .
of the following is true about the recent annual
study ?
[A]It is sponsored by 163
countries .
[B]It excludes GDP as an
indicator.
[C]Its criteria are
questionable .
[D]Its results are
enlightening .
the last two paragraphs
, the author suggests that
[A]the UK is
preparing for an economic boom .
[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic
decline .
[C]it is essential to
consider factors beyond GDP .
[D]it
requires caution to handle economic issues .
of the following is the best title for
the text ?
[A]High GDP But Inadequate
Well-being , a UK Lesson
[B]GDP
Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health
[C]y, a Terminator of GDP
[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-
being
Text 4
In
a
rare
unanimous
ruling,
the
US
Supreme
Court
has
overturned
the
corruption
conviction of a
former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it
did so while
holding its
nose
at the
ethics
of his conduct, which
included accepting
gifts such
as
a
Rolex
watch
and
a
Ferrari
automobile
from
a
company
seeking
access
to
government.
The high court's
decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial
failed to
tell
a
jury
that
it
must
look
only
at
his
acts,
or
the
former
governor's
decisions on
Merely helping a gift-giver gain access
to other officials, unless done with
clear intent to pressure those
officials, is not corruption, the justices found.
The court did suggest that accepting
favors in return for opening doors is
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