2017英语一

2017

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题

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【答案】

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and

mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding

1 helping you feel close and

2 to people

you

care about,

it turns out that hugs can

bring

a

3

of

health

benefits

to

your

body

and

mind.

Believe

it

or

not,

a

warm

embrace

might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.

In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon

University

in

Pennsylvania

examined

the

effects

of

perceived

social

support

and

the

receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold

after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less

likely

to

come

8

with

a

cold

,and

the

researchers

9

that

the

stress- reducing

effects

of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got

a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs

had less severe 12 .

protects

people

who

are

under

stress

from

the

13

risk

for

colds

that's

usually

14

with

stress,

notes

Sheldon

Cohen,

a

professor

of

psychology

at

Carnegie.

Hugging

help 16 difficulty.

Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to

the

release

of

oxytocin,

often

called

bonding

hormone

18

it

promotes

attachment

in

relationships,

including

that

between

mother

and

their

newborn

babies.

Oxytocin

is

made

primarily

in

the

central

lower

part

of

the

brain

,

and

some

of

it

is

released

into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior

and physiology.

1

．

[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout

2

．

[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior

3

．

[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host

4

．

[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep

5

．

[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting

6

．

[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on

7

．

[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted

8

．

[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out

9

．

[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined

10

．

[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained

11

．

[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus

12

．

[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors

13

．

[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased

14

．

[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared

15

．

[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record

16

．

[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name

of

17

．

[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return

18

．

[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until

19

．

[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases

20

．

[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read

the

following

four

texts.

Answer

the

questions

below

each

text

by

choosing

A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are

recommending

people

show

up

to

catch

a

domestic

flight

,

at

least

at

some

major

U.S.

airports with increasingly massive security lines.

Americans

are

willing

to

tolerate

time-consuming

security

procedures

in

return

for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have

downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But

demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return

undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on

Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.

Last

year,

the

Transportation

Security

Administration

(TSA)

found

in

a

secret

check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and

real-past

airport

security

nearly

every

time

they

tried

.Enhanced

security

measures

since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's

O'Hare

International

.It

is

not

yet

clear

how

much

more

effective

airline

security

has become-but the lines are obvious.

Part

of

the

issue

is

that

the

government

did

not

anticipate

the

steep

increase

in

airline

travel

,

so

the

TSA

is

now

rushing

to

get

new

screeners

on

the

line.

Part

of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another

factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid

checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.

There

is

one

step

the

TSA

could

take

that

would

not

require

remodeling

airports

or

rushing

to

hire:

Enroll

more

people

in

the

PreCheck

program.

PreCheck

is

supposed

to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check

are eligible to use expedited screening

lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll

25 million people in PreCheck.

It

has

not

gotten

anywhere

close

to

that,

and

one

big

reason

is

sticker

shock.

Passengers

must

pay

$$85

every

five

years

to

process

their

background

checks.

Since

the

beginning,

this

price

tag

has

been

PreCheck's

fatal

flaw.

Upcoming

reforms

might

bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so

directly, by helping

to

finance PreCheck enrollment or

to cut costs in

other ways.

The

TSA

cannot

continue

diverting

resources

into

underused

PreCheck

lanes

while

most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to

make the program work.

21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to

[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.

[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.

[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.

[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.

22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?

[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.

[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.

[C] An increase in the number of travelers.

[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.

word

[A] faster.

[B] quieter.

[C] wider.

[D] cheaper.

24. One problem with the PreCheck program is

[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.

[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.

[C] The government's reluctance to back it.

[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Less Screening for More Safety

[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution

[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines

[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes

Text 2

last

reigning

monarch,

in

1897.

Star

watchers

were

among

the

most

esteemed

members

of

Hawaiian

society.

Sadly,

all

is

not

well

with

astronomy

in

Hawaii

today.

Protests

have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant

observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.

At

issue

is

the

TMT's

planned

location

on

Mauna

Kea,

a

dormant

volcano

worshiped

by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.

But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested

in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense

atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed

clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group

of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for

sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign

nation.

Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their

eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of

understanding

the

world.

They

did

not

always

prioritize

the

protection

of

Mauna

Kea's

fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture

is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of

civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first

brought

early

Polynesians

to

Hawaii's

shores

inspires

astronomers

today

to

explore

the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future

development

there

ignore

the

reality

that

astronomy

and

Hawaiian

culture

both

seek

to

answer

big

questions

about

who

we

are,

where

we

come

from

and

where

we

are

going.

Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling

to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.

The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island

and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of

telescopes

on

Mauna

Kea,

old

ones

will

be

removed

at

the

end

of

their

lifetimes

and

their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be

welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates

[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.

[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.

[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.

27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to

[A] its geographical features

[B] its protective surroundings.

[C] its religious implications.

[D] its existing infrastructure.

28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because

[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.

[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.

[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.

[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy

[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.

[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.

30. The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of

[A] severe criticism.

[B] passive acceptance.

[C] slight hesitancy.

[D] full approval.

Text 3

Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures

that

which

makes

life

worthwhile.

With

Britain

voting

to

leave

the

European

Union,

and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess

what he was referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half

a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not

matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been

the

envy

of

the

Western

world,

with

record

low

unemployment

and

high

growth

figures.

If

everything

was

going

so

well,

then

why

did

over

17

million

people

vote

for

Brexit,

despite

the

warnings

about

what

it

could

do

to

their

country's

economic

prospects?

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into

well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured,

the

UK

is

one

of

the

poorest

performers

in

ensuring

that

economic

growth

is

translated

into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP,

over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society

engagement

have

been

measured

to

get

a

more

rounded

assessment

of

how

countries

are

performing.

While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number

of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the

2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education ,

major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all

countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements

across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.

This

is

a

lesson

that

rich

countries

can

learn

:

When

GDP

is

no

longer

regarded

as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .

So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common

method

for

measuring

the

economic

activity

of

nations

,

as

a

measure

,

it

is

no

longer

enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or

education

outcomes

-

all

things

that

contribute

to

a

person's

sense

of

well-being.

The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead

to

a

decline

in

the

everyday

services

we

depend

on

for

our

well- being

and

for

growth

.

But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply

worrying

about

GDP

figures

could

avoid

the

forecasted

doom

and

may

even

see

progress

.

F. Kennedy is cited because he

[A]praised the UK for its GDP.

[B]identified GDP with happiness .

[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .

[D]had a low opinion of GDP .

can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that

[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .

[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .

[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .

[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .

of the following is true about the recent annual study ?

[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .

[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.

[C]Its criteria are questionable .

[D]Its results are enlightening .

the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that

[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .

[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .

[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .

[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .

of the following is the best title for the text ?

[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson

[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health

[C]y, a Terminator of GDP

[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well- being

Text 4

In

a

rare

unanimous

ruling,

the

US

Supreme

Court

has

overturned

the

corruption

conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while

holding its

nose

at the

ethics

of his conduct, which included accepting

gifts such

as

a

Rolex

watch

and

a

Ferrari

automobile

from

a

company

seeking

access

to

government.

The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to

tell

a

jury

that

it

must

look

only

at

his

acts,

or

the

former

governor's

decisions on

Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with

clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.

The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is