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To His Coy Mistress 分析及翻译

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2021-02-28 19:35
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2021年2月28日发(作者:自负)


To His Coy Mistress


Andrew Marvell


Had we but world enough, and time,


This coyness, lady, were no crime.


We would sit down and think which way


To walk, and pass our long love's day,


Thou by the Indian Ganges side


Shouldst rubies find; I by the tide


Of Humber would complain. I would


Love you ten years before the Flood,


And you should, if you please, refuse


Till the conversion of the Jews.


My vegetable love should grow


Vaster than empires, and more slow.


An hundred years should go to praise


Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze;


Two hundred to adore each breast,


But thirty thousand to the rest;


An age at least to every part,


And the last age should show your heart.


For, lady, you deserve this state,


Nor would I love at lower rate.


But at my back I always hear


Time's winged chariot hurrying near;


And yonder all before us lie


Deserts of vast eternity.


Thy beauty shall no more be found,


Nor, in thy marble vault, shall sound


My echoing song; then worms shall try


That long preserv'd virginity,


And your quaint honour turn to dust,


And into ashes all my lust.


The grave's a fine and private place,


But none I think do there embrace.


Now therefore, while the youthful hue


Sits on thy skin like morning dew,


And while thy willing soul transpires


At every pore with instant fires,


Now let us sport us while we may,


And now, like am'rous birds of prey,


Rather at once our time devour,


Than languish in his slow-chapt pow'r.


Let us roll all our strength, and all


Our sweetness, up into one ball,


And tear our pleasures with rough strife


Thorough the iron gates of life:


Thus, though we cannot make our sun


Stand still, yet we will make him run.


To His Coy Mistress



A Poem by Andrew Marvell (1621-1678)



Study Guide




Type of Work



.......


also


classify


as


a


metaphysical


poem.


Metaphysical


poetry,


pioneered


by


John


Donne,


tends


to


focus


on


the


following:




Startling


comparisons


or


contrasts


of


a


metaphysical


(spiritual,


transcendent,


abstract)


quality


to


a


concrete


(physical, tangible, sensible) object. In


(line 11) in a waggish metaphor.





Mockery of idealized romantic poetry through crude or shocking imagery, as in lines 27 and 28 (


try / That long preserved virginity').




Gross exaggeration (hyperbole), as in line 15 (




Expression of personal, private feelings, such as those the young man expresses in



Presentation


of


a


logical


argument,


or


syllogism.


In



His


Coy


Mistress,


this


argument


may


be


outlined


as


follows: (1) We could spend decades or even centuries in courtship if time stood still and we remained young. (2)


But


time


passes


swiftly


and


relentlessly.


(3)


Therefore,


we


must


enjoy


the


pleasure


of


each


other


now,


without


further conclusion of the argument begins at Line 33 with





The Title



.......The title suggests (1) that the author looked over the shoulder of a young man as he wrote a plea to a young


lady


and


(2)


that


the


author


then


reported


the


plea


exactly


as


the


young


man


expressed


it.


However,


the


author


added the title, using the third-person possessive pronoun


reader that the lady is no easy catch; the word


and lover. It can also serve as the female equivalent of master. In


synonym for lady or sweetheart. In reality, of course, Marvell wrote the entire poem.





The Persona (The Young Man)



.......Although Andrew Marvell writes


the plea of another man (fictional, of course). The poet enters the mind of the man and reports his thoughts as they


manifest themselves. The young man is impatient, desperately so, unwilling to tolerate temporizing on the part of


the young lady. His motivation appears to be carnal desire rather than true love; passion rules him. Consequently,


one may describe him as immature and selfish.





Theme and Summary



.......“To His Coy


Mistress”


presents


a


familiar


theme


in


literature—


carpe


diem


(meaning


seize


the


day),


a


term


coined


by


the


ancient


Roman


poet


Quintus


Horatius


Flaccus,


known


as


Horace


(65-8


B.C.). Here


is


the


gist


of


Andrew Marvell's poem: In response to a young man’s declarations of love for a young lady, the lady is playfully


hesitant, artfully demure. But dallying will not do, he says, for


youth passes swiftly. He and the lady


must take


advantage of the moment, he says, and “sport us while we may.” Oh, yes, if they had “world enough, and time”


they


would


spend


their


days


in


idle


pursuits,


leisurely


passing


time


while


the


young


man


heaps


praises


on


the


young


lady.


But


they


do


not


have


the


luxury


of


time,


he


says,


for


“time's


wingéd


chariot”


is


ever


racing


along.


Before they know it, their youth will be gone; there will be only the grave. And so, the poet pleads his case: Seize


the day.





Meter and Rhyme



The


poem


is


in


iambic


tetrameter,


with


eight


syllables


(four


feet)


per


line.


Each


foot


consists


of


an


unstressed


syllable followed by a stressed syllable. The last syllable of Line 1 rhymes with the last syllable of line 2, the last


syllable of line 3 rhymes with the last syllable of line 4, the last syllable of line 5 rhymes with the last syllable of


line 6, and so on. Such pairs of rhyming lines are called couplets. The following two lines, which open the poem,


exhibit the meter and rhyme prevailing in most of the other couplets in the poem:




..... .1..................2...................3......... ......4



Had WE..|..but WORLD..|..e NOUGH..|..and TIME



.......1..........




..2...........


....3...............4



This COY..|..ness LA..|..dy WERE..|..no CRIME



Setting



The poem does not present a scene in a specific place in which people interact. However, the young man and the


young lady presumably live somewhere in England (the native land of the author), perhaps in northeastern England


near the River Humber. The poet mentions the Humber in line 7.




Characters



Young Man: He pleads with a young lady to stop playing hard to get and accept his love.




Young Lady: A coquettish woman.





Notes



1.....coyness: Evasiveness, hesitancy, modesty, coquetry, reluctance; playing hard to get.



2.....which . . .



walk:


Example


of


enjambment


(carrying


the


sense


of


one


line


of


verse


over


to


the


next


line


without a pause).



3.....Ganges: River in Asia originating in the Himalayas and flowing southeast, through India, to the Bay of Bengal.


The young man here suggests that the young lady could postpone her commitment to him if her youth lasted a long,


long time. She could take real or imagined journeys abroad, even to India. She could also refuse to commit herself


to him until all the Jews convert to Christianity. But since youth is fleeting (as the poem later points out), there is

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