2017年考研英语一真题及答案解析

2017

年考研英语一（答案及解析）

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose

the

best word(s)

from

each

numbered

blank

and

mark

A,

B,

C

or

D

on the

ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding

close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your

body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.

In

a

recent

study

___5__

over

400

healthy

adults,researchers

from

Carnegie

Mellon

University

in

pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants'

susceptibility

to

developing

the

common

cold

after

being

___7__

to

the

virus.

People

who

perceived

greater

social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing

effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the

ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___.

stress,

__15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty.

Some

experts

___17__

the

stress-reducing,health- related

benefits

of

hugging

to

the

release

of

oxytocin,

often

called

bonding

hormone

__18___

it

promotes

attachment

in

relationships,

including

that

between

mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of

it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and

physiology.

1. [A]Besides

2. [A]equal

3. [A]view

4. [A]avoid

5. [A]collecting

6. [A]on

7. [A]devoted

8. [A]along

9. [A]imagined

10. [A]served

11. [A]Thus

12. [A]defeats

13. [A]highlighted

14. [A]presented

[B]Unlike

[B]restricted

[B]host

[B]forget

[B]affecting

[B]in

[B]attracted

[B]across

[B]denied

[B]restored

[B]Still

[B]symptoms

[B]increased

[B]equipped

[C]Throughout

[C]connected

[C]lesson

[C]recall

[C]guiding

[C]at

[C]lost

[C]down

[C]doubted

[C]explained

[C]Rather

[C]errors

[C]controlled

[C]associated

[D]Despite

[D]inferior

[D]choice

[D]keep

[D]involving

[D]of

[D]exposed

[D]out

[D]calculated

[D]required

[D]Even

[D]tests

[D]minimized

[D]compared

15. [A]assess

[B]generate

[C]moderate

[D]record

16. [A]in the name of

[B] in the form of

[C] in the face of

[D] in the way of

17. [A]attribute

18. [A]unless

19. [A]remains

20. [A]experiences

完型答案：

[B]commit

[B]because

[B]emerges

[B]combines

[C]transfer

[C]though

[C]vanishes

[C]justifies

[D]return

[D]until

[D]decreases

[D]influences

1-5: ACBAD

6-10: ADCDC

11-15: DBBCB

16-20:CABAD

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

First two hours, now three hours

—

this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up

to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.

Americans are willing to tolerate time- consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash

of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic

reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines

public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not

to mention

infuriating.

Last

year,

the

Transportation

Security

Administration(TSA)

found

in

a

secret

check

that

undercover

investigators were able to sneak weapons

—

both fake and real

—

past airport security nearly every time they

tried.

Enhanced

security

measures

since

then,

combined

with

a

rise

in

airline

travel

due

to

the

improving

economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O' Hare International.

It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become

—

but the lines are obvious.

Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is

now

rushing

to

get

new

screeners

on

the

line.

Part

of

the

issue

is

that

airports

have

only

so

much

room

for

screening

lanes.

Another

factor

may

be

that

more

people

are

trying

to

overpack

their

carry-on

bags

to

avoid

checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute

this.

There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll

more

people

in

the

PreCheck

program.

PreCheck

is

supposed

to

be

a

win-win

for

travelers

and

the

TSA.

Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to

focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in

PreCheck.

It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $$85 every

five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw.

Upcoming

reforms

might

bring

the

price

to

a

more

reasonable

level.

But

Congress

should

look

into

doing

so

directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.

The

TSA

cannot

continue

diverting

resources

into

underused

PreCheck

lanes

while

most

of

the

traveling

public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.

21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to

[A]

explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.

[B]

stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.

[C]

highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.

[D]

emphasize the importance of privacy protection.

答案

A

[

答案解释

]

根据题干关键词

The Crash of EgyptAir Flight 804

定位到第一段第

3

句。该

句提到埃及航空公司的

804

航班 被击落又一次提醒了为什么要进行安检。该句的前两句提到了美国的大型

机场对旅客提出 了更多的安检要求，但旅客为了安全愿意忍受耗时的安检程序。所以

A

符合文意。

22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?

[A]

New restrictions on carry-on bags.

[B]

The declining efficiency of the TSA.

[C]

An increase in the number of travellers.

[D]

Frequent unexpected secret checks.

答案

C

[

答案解释

]

根据题干关键词

long

wait

定位到第二段第

2

句。这句话中提到加强的安全措施和航空旅

游的数量的增加导致了大型机场的

long wait

。题干中用

contribute to

，原文中

用同义短语

result in

。选项

C

中的

an increase in the number of travellers

和原文中的

rise in

airline travel

意思相同。儿加强安全措施在 其它几个选项都没提到过。故正确选项为

C

。

23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to

[A] quieter.

答案

D

[

答案解释

]

应该出上下文中推断出单词的意思。题干关键词

expedited

出现在第五段的

第

2

句话，这句话指出那些背景审核合格的乘客才能走

expedited

筛查过道。后句解释这使得

TSA < /p>

能把注意

力集中在那些高风险的旅客身上，以节省大家的时间。< /p>

D

选项

faster

更快，是原文中

saving time

的同义词

替换。故正确选项为

D

。

24.

One

problem

with

the

PreCheck

program

is

[A]

a

dramatic

reduction of its scale.

[B]

its wrongly- directed implementation.

[C]

the government’s reluctance to back it.

[D]

an unreasonable price for enrollment.

答案

D

[B] cheaper.

[C] wider.

[D] faster.

[

答案解释

]

提干中的关键词

One problem with the PreCheck program

可以定位在文中第

六段第

2

句话，该句提到自从一开 始预先检查的价格标签一直是致命的缺陷，文中的

fatal flaw

是题干中的

problem

的同义置换，下文中有进一步说明接下来的改革可能会使价格调整到一个更合理的水平。根据这

两句话，可以推断出现在

PreCheck program

的价格是不合理的。

选项

D

符合文意。

25. Which of the following would be the best

for the text?

[A]

Less Screening for More Safety

[B]

PreCheck

–

a Belated Solution

[C]

Getting Stuck in Security Lines

[D]

Underused PreCheck Lanes

答案

C

[

答案解释

]

文中第一段提到权威人士建议在美国大型机场搭乘国内航班现在要提前三个小时候机，第

二段第一句又进一步提到美国人愿意忍受这种耗时的安检程序，第三段的第二句话说加强安全措施和航

空旅游人数的增加导致了在大型机场的长时间候机，第五、六段提出了通过了现在的

PreCheck program

来

解决长时 间候机问题在价格方面的缺陷。在最后一段又重申，大多数的旅客依然遭遇不必要的排队候机

问题。所以，可以看出，全文以长时间候机为主线贯穿始终，故正确答案为

C

。

Text 2

“The

ancient

Hawaiians

were

astronomers,”

wrote

Queen

Liliuokalani,

Hawaii's

last

reigning

monarch,

in

1897.

Star

watchers

were

among

the

most

esteemed

members

of

Hawaiian

society.

Sadly,

all

is

not

well

with

astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant

observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.

At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as

the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's

most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's

dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.

Opposition

to

telescopes

on

Mauna

Kea

is

nothing

new.

A

small

but

vocal

group

of

Hawaiians

and

environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the

occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.

Some

blame

for

the

current

controversy

belongs

to

astronomers.

In

their

eagerness

to

build

bigger

telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize

the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is

not a relic of the past

；

it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to

find

what

lies

beyond

the

horizon

that

first

brought

early

Polynesians

to

Hawaii's

shores

inspires

astronomers

today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development

there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we

are,

where

we

come

from

and

where

we

are

going.

Perhaps

that

is

why

we

explore

the

starry

skies,

as

if

answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The

TMT

site

was

chosen

to

minimize

the

telescope’s

visibility

around

the

island

and

to

avoid

archaeological

and

environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of

their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed

on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

26.

Queen

Lil

iuokalani’s

remark

in

Paragraph

1

indicates

[A]

her

conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.

[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.

[D] her appreciation of star w

atchers’ feats in her time.

答案

B

[

答案解释

]

文中第一句提 到古代的夏威夷人是天文学家。第三句话，话锋一转，

“sadly”,

提到当今的夏

威夷人在天文学上表现不尽如人意。暗指天文学在古代的重要性 。故选

B

。

27.

Mauna

Kea

is

deemed

as

an

ideal

astronomical

site

due

to

[A]

its

geographical features.

[B]

its protective surroundings.

[C]

its

religious

implications.

[D]

its

existing

infrastructure.

答案

A

[

答案解释

]

根据题干定位到第二段第二句话，

But

属于提示词。

Mauna

Kea < /p>

也是世界上具有影响力的

望远镜的家园。后面继续介绍它的地理优 势。所以选

A

。

28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because [A] it may risk

ruining their intellectual life.

[B]

it reminds them of a humiliating history.

[C]

their culture will lose a chance of revival.

[D]

they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

答案

B

[

答案解释

]

根据题干定位到第三段。第二句话一小部分当地的夏威夷人和环境专家一直认为该地是不

圣神之地，而且让人痛苦地回忆起曾经被占领。故此题选

B

。

29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5

that progress in today’s astronomy [A] is fulfilling

the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

[B]

helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.

[C]

may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

[D]

will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.

答案

C

[

答案解释

]

根据该段最后一句话跟倒数第二句话指出，他们忽略了天文学和夏威夷文化试图回答的问

题：我们是谁，我们从哪儿来，要到哪儿去。最后一句话指出这就是我们探索星空的原因。据此可以推