2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析

errorsD

．

tests

13.A

．

highlighted

B

．

increased

C

．

controlled D

．

minimized

14.A

．

presented

B

．

equipped

C

．

associated D

．

compared

15.A

．

assess

B

．

generate

C

．

moderate

D

．

record

16. A

．

in the name of

17.A

．

attribute

18.A

．

unless

19.A

．

remains

20.A

．

experiences

B

．

in the form of

B

．

commit

B

．

because

B

．

emerges

B

．

combines

C

．

in the face of

C

．

transfer

C

．

though

C

．

vanishes

C

．

justifies

D

．

in the way of

D

．

return

D

．

until

D

．

decreases

D

．

influences

Section

Ⅱ

Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

（

40 points

）

Text 1

First

two

hours,

now

three

hours

—

this

is

how

far

in

advance

authorities

are

recommending

people

show

up

to

catch

a

domestic

flight,

at

least

at

some

major

U.S.

airports with increasingly massive security lines.

Americans

are

willing

to

tolerate

time-consuming

security

protocols

in

return

for

increased

safety.

The

crash

of

EgyptAir

Flight

804,

which

terrorists

may

have

downed

over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too

much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support

for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private

lives, not to mention infuriating.

Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check

that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons

—

both fake and real

—

past

airport

security

nearly

every

time

they

tried.

Enhanced

security

measures

since

then,

combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices,

have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is

not yet clear how much more effective airline security

has become

—

but the lines are

obvious.

Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline

travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that

airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more

people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked- baggage fees, though

the airlines strongly dispute this.

There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or

rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be

a

win-win

for

travelers

and

the

TSA.

Passengers

who

pass

a

background

check

are

eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who

are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people

in PreCheck.

It

has

not

gotten

anywhere

close

to

that,

and

one

big

reason

is

sticker

shock:

Passengers must pay $$85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the

beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring

the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by

helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.

The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most

of

the

traveling

public

suffers

in

unnecessary

lines.

It

is

long

past

time

to

make

the

program work.

21.

The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to

[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.

[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.

[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.

[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.

22.

Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?

[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.

[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.

[C] An increase in the number of travellers.

[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.

23.

The word ―expedited‖ (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to

[A] quieter.

[B] cheaper.

[C] wider.

[D] faster.

24. One problem with the PreCheck program is

[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.

[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.

[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.

[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Less Screening for More Safety

[B] PreCheck

–

a Belated Solution

[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines

[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes

Text 2

―The

ancient

Hawaiians

were

astronomers,‖

wrote

Queen

Liliuokalani,

Hawaii's

last

reigning

monarch,

in

1897.

Star

watchers

were

among

the

most

esteemed

members

of

Hawaiian

society.

Sadly,

all

is

not

well

with

astronomy

in Hawaii

today.

Protests have

erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that

promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.

At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by

some

Hawaiians

as

the

piko,

that

connects

the

Hawaiian

Islands

to

the

heavens.

But

Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the

Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,

where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of

Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred

land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.

Some

blame

for

the

current

controversy

belongs

to

astronomers.

In

their

eagerness

to

build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the

world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or

its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past

；

it is a

living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

Yet

science

has

a

cultural

history,

too,

with

roots

going

back

to

the

dawn

of

civilization.

The

same

curiosity

to

find

what

lies

beyond

the

horizon

that

first

brought

early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.

Calls

to

disassemble

all

telescopes

on

Mauna

Kea

or

to

ban

future

development

there

ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions

about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we

explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true

ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.

The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to

avoid

archaeological

and

environmental

impact.

To

limit

the

number

of

telescopes

on

Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned

to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to

embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indic

ates

[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.

[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.

[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.

27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to

[A] its geographical features.

[B] its protective surroundings.

[C] its religious implications.

[D] its existing infrastructure.

28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because

[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.

[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.

[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.

[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astro

nomy

[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.

[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.

30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna

Kea as the TMT site is one of

[A] severe criticism.

[B] passive acceptance.

[C] slight hesitancy.

[D] full approval.

Text 3

Robert

F.

Kennedy

once

said

that

a

country's

GDP

measures

―everything

except

that

which

makes

life

worthwhile.‖

With

Britain

voting

to

leave

the

European

Union,

and

GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he

was referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a

century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and

misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the

Western

world,

with

record

low

unemployment

and

high

growth

figures.

If

everything

was

going

so

well,

then

why

did

over

17

million

people

vote

for

Brexit,

despite

the

warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being

sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of

the

poorest

performers

in

ensuring

that

economic

growth

is

translated

into

meaningful

improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of

criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a

more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

While

all

of

these

countries

face

their

own

challenges,

there

are

a

number

of

consistent

themes.

Yes,

there

has

been

a

budding

economic

recovery

since

the

2008

global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies

have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor

European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,

income equality and environment.

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the

sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.

So

what

Kennedy

was

referring

to

was

that

while

GDP

has

been

the

most

common

method

for

measuring

the

economic

activity

of

nations,

as

a

measure,

it

is

no

longer

enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education

outcomes

–

all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.

The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline

in

the

everyday

services

we

depend

on

for

our

well- being

and

for

growth.

But

policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying

about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.

31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he

[A]praised the UK for its GDP.

[B]identified GDP with happiness.

[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.

[D]had a low opinion of GDP.

32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that

[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.

[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.

[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.

[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.

33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?

[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.

[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.

[C]Its criteria are questionable.

[D]Its results are enlightening.

34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that

[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.

[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.

[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.

[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.

35. Which of the following is the best for the text?

[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson

[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health

[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP

[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well

-being

Text 4

In

a

rare

unanimous

ruling,

the

US

Supreme

Court

has

overturned

the

corruption

conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding

its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch

and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.

The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury

that

it

must

look

only

at

his

―official

acts,‖

or

the

former

governor’s

decisions

on

―specific‖ and ―unsettled‖ issues related to his duties.

Merely

helping

a

gift-giver

gain

access

to

other

officials,

unless

done

with

clear

intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.

The court did suggest that accepting favors in return

for opening doors is ―distasteful‖ and

―nasty.‖

But under

anti

-bribery

laws,

proof

must

be

made

of concrete

benefits,

such

as

approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or

hosting an event is not an ―official act.‖

The

court’s

ruling

is

legally

sound

in

defining

a

kind

of

favoritism

that

is

not

criminal.

Elected

leaders

must

be

allowed

to

help

supporters

deal

with

bureaucratic

problems

without

fear

of

prosecution

of

bribery.

―The

basic

compact

underlying

repr

esentative government,‖ wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, ―assumes that

public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.‖

But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not

the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to

play

favorites

in

providing

information

or

in

arranging

meetings

simply

because

an

individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity

requires

will- enforced

laws

in

government

transparency,

such

as

records

of

official

meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.

Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always

corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for

average

people

and

the

wealthy.

If

connections

can

be

bought,

a

basic

premise

of

democratic society

–

that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good

government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.

The

court’s

ruling

is

a

step

forward

in

the

struggle

against

both

corruption

and

official favoritism.

36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court

[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.

[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.

[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.

[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.

37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves

[A] concrete returns for gift- givers.

[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.

[C] leaking secrets intentionally.

[D] breaking contracts officially.

38. The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that publi

c officials are

[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.

[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.

[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.

[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.

39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to

[A] awaken the conscience of officials.

[B] guarantee fair play in official access.

[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.

[D] inspire hopes in average people.

40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is

[A] sarcastic.

[B] tolerant.

[C] skeptical.

[D] supportive.

Part B

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required

to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling

them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs B andD have been correctly placed. Mark your

answers on theANSWER SHEET.

（

10 points

）

[A] The first published sketch,

discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches, which appeared

under the pen name

[B]

The

runaway

success

of

The

Pickwick

Papers,

as

it

is

generally

known

today,

secured

Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero,

Samuel Pickwick, because a national figure.

[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story

in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert

Seymour,

who

had

originated

the

idea

for

the

story.

With

characteristic

confidence,

Dickens

successfully

insisted

that

Seymour's

pictures

illustrate

his

own

story

instead.

After

the

first

installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt, was not

faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his

displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.

The

comic

novel,

The Posthumous Papers

of

the Pickwick

Club, appeared

serially

in

1836

and

1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.

[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist

of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and

striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.

[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices.

He

taught

himself

shorthand

to

get

an

even

better

job

later

as

a

court

stenographer

and

as

a

reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the

life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.

[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the

British

Navy

Pay

office

--

a

respectable

position,

but

with

little

social

status.

His

paternal

grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and

Dickens

later

concealed

their

background.

Dicken's

mother

supposedly

came

from

a

more

respectable family. Yet two

years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing

and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school

at

age

12

to

work

in

Warren's

Blacking

Warehouse,

a

shoe-polish

factory,

where

the

other

working

boys

mocked

him

as

young

gentleman.

His

father

was

then

imprisoned

for

debt.

The

humiliations

of

his

father's

imprisonment

and

his

labor

in

the

blacking

factory

formed

Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his

wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.

[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan's

progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel,

combines

the

darkness

of

Oliver

Twist

with

the

sunlight

of

Pickwick.

The

popularity

of

these

novels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.

Section III Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.

Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

The

growth

of

the

use

of

English

as

the

world`s

primary

language

for

international

communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.

(46)But

even

as

the

number

of

English

speakers

expands

further

there

are

signs

that

the

global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.

Complex

international,

economic,

technological

and

culture

change

could

start

to

diminish

the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy

advantage

from

the

breath

of

English

usage

would

consequently

face

new

pressures.

Those

realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol

(47)His analysis should therefore end any self- contentedness among those who may believe

that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do

not need additional language capabilities.

David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as

qualified

multilingual

youngsters

from

other

countries

are

proving

to

have

a

competitive

advantage

over

their

British

counterparts

in

global

companies

and

organizations.

Alongside

that,(48)many

countries

are

introducing

English

into

the

primary-school

curriculum

but

British

schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency

in other languages.

If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in

international

education

markets

as

the

demand

for

educational

resources

in

languages,

such

as

Spanish

,Arabic

or

Mandarin

grows

and

international

business

process

outsourcing

in

other

language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.

(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s

providers

of

English

language

teaching

to

people

of

other

countries

and

to

broader

education

business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the

UK

in

invisible

exports

and

our

other

education

related

explores

earn

up

to

&10

billion

a

year

more.

As

the

international

education

market

expands,

the

recent

slowdown

in

the

number

of

international

students

studying

in

the

main

English-speaking

countries

is

likely

to

continue,

especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.

The

anticipation

of

possible

shifts

in

demand

provided

by

this

study

is

significant:(50)

It

gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating

environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish

to influence the future must prepare for it.

Section

Ⅳ

Writing

51 directions

You

are

to

write

an

email

to

James

Cook,

a

newly-arrived

Australia

professor,

recommending

some tourist attraction in your city. Please give reasons for your recommendation.

You should write neatly on the answer sheet.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use ―Li Ming‖ instead.

Do not write the address

。

（

10 points

）

52. Directions

Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay, you should

1) describe the pictures briefly;

2) interpret the meaning, and

3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

2017

英语一答案

1A

．

BesidesB

．< /p>

UnlikeC

．

Throughout D

．

Despite

【答案】

A

【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系，

―it turns out that hugs…‖

说明拥抱还有其他结果。因此，

前文的 逻辑关系应该为

―

除此以外

‖

，结合选项，

A

．

Be sides

（除此之外）最为合适。

2A

．

equalB

< br>．

restrictedC

．

c onnectedD

．

inferior

【答案】

C

【解析】本题实为逻辑关 系题。根据句子前后结构

―helping you feel close and _____

（

2

）

‖

，

我们可以判断，

由于空格处与 前面内容通过

and

连接，

说明我们要 选择一个单词与

feel close

同义，并且要与后面介词

to

连用。因此，通过对于四个选项含义判断，

C

选项有

―

关联的

‖

含义最为 符合。

3A

．

viewB

．

hostC