2017考研英语一真题及答案

2017

考研英语一真题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark

A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding

1

helping you feel close and

2

to people you care about, it turns out

that hugs can bring a

3

of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or

not, a warm embrace might even help you

4

getting sick this winter.

In a recent study

5

over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon

University

in

Pennsylvania

examined

the

effects

of

perceived

social

support

and

the

receipt

of

hugs

6

the

participants'

susceptibility

to

developing

the

common

cold

after

being

7

to

the

virus

.People

who

perceived

greater

social

support

were

less

likely to come

8

with a cold ,and the researchers

9

that the stress-reducing

effects of hugging

10

about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.

11

among

those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more

frequent hugs had less severe

12

.

13

risk for colds that's

usually

14

with stress,

Carnegie. Hugging

15

the feeling that others

are there to help

16

difficulty.

Some experts

17

the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the

release

of

oxytocin,

often

called

bonding

hormone

18

it

promotes

attachment

in

relationships,

including

that

between

mother

and

their

newborn

babies.

Oxytocin

is

made

primarily

in

the

central

lower

part

of

the

brain

,

and

some

of

it

is

released

into

the

bloodstream.

But

some

of

it

19

in

the

brain,

where

it

20

mood,

behavior

and physiology.

1

．

[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout

【答案】

[B] Besides

2

．

[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior

【答案】

[A] connected

3

．

[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host

【答案】

[D] host

4

．

[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep

【答案】

[C] avoid

5

．

[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting

【答案】

[B] involving

6

．

[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on

【答案】

[D] on

7

．

[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted

【答案】

[B] exposed

8

．

[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out

【答案】

[C] down

9

．

[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined

【答案】

[A] calculated

10

．

[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained

【答案】

[D] explained

11

．

[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus

【答案】

[A] Even

12

．

[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors

【答案】

[B] symptoms

13

．

[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased

【答案】

[D] increased

14

．

[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared

【答案】

[B] associated

15

．

[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record

【答案】

[C] generate

16

．

[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of

【答案】

[A] in the face of

17

．

[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return

【答案】

[C] attribute

18

．

[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until

【答案】

[A] because

19

．

[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases

【答案】

[C] remains

20

．

[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences

【答案】

[D]influences

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four

texts.

Answer the questions below each text by

choosing A,

B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are

recommending

people

show

up

to

catch

a

domestic

flight

,

at

least

at

some

major

U.S.

airports with increasingly massive security lines.

Americans

are

willing

to

tolerate

time-consuming

security

procedures

in

return

for

increased

safety.

The

crash

of

Egypt

Air

Flight

804,which

terrorists

may

have

downed

over

the

Mediterranean

Sea

,provides

another

tragic

reminder

of

why.

But

demanding

too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines

public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans'

economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.

Last

year,

the

Transportation

Security

Administration

(TSA)

found

in

a

secret

check

that

undercover

investigators

were

able

to

sneak

weapons---both

fake

and

real- past

airport

security

nearly

every

time

they

tried

.Enhanced

security

measures

since

then,

combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare

International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has

become-but the lines are obvious.

Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in

airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part

of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another

factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid

checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.

There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or

rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed

to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check

are eligible to use expedited screening

lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll

25 million people in PreCheck.

It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock.

Passengers

must

pay

$$85

every

five

years

to

process

their

background

checks.

Since

the

beginning,

this

price

tag

has

been

PreCheck's

fatal

flaw.

Upcoming

reforms

might

bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so

directly, by helping

to

finance PreCheck enrollment or

to cut costs in

other ways.

The

TSA

cannot

continue

diverting

resources

into

underused

PreCheck

lanes

while

most

of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make

the program work.

21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to

[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.

[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.

[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.

[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.

【答案】

[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.

22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?

[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.

[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.

[C] An increase in the number of travelers.

[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.

【答案】

[C] An increase in the number of travelers.

word

[A] faster.

[B] quieter.

[C] wider.

[D] cheaper.

【答案】

[A] faster.

24. One problem with the PreCheck program is

[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.

[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.

[C] The government's reluctance to back it.

[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.

【答案】

[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Less Screening for More Safety

[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution

[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines

[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes

【答案】

[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution

Text 2

reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of

Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests

have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant

observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.

At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped

by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.

But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested

in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense

atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed

clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of

Hawaiians

and

environments

have

long

viewed

their

presence

as

disrespect

for

sacred

land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.

Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness

to

build

bigger

telescopes,

they

forgot

that

science

is

the

only

way

of

understanding

the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile

ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a

relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of

civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first

brought

early

Polynesians

to

Hawaii's

shores

inspires

astronomers

today

to

explore

the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future

development

there

ignore

the

reality

that

astronomy

and

Hawaiian

culture

both

seek

to

answer

big

questions

about

who

we

are,

where

we

come

from

and

where

we

are

going.

Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling

to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The

TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and

to

avoid

archaeological

and

environmental

impact.

To

limit

the

number

of

telescopes

on

Mauna

Kea,

old

ones

will

be

removed

at

the

end

of

their

lifetimes

and

their

sites

returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on

Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates

[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.

[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.

[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.

【答案】

[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to

[A] its geographical features

[B] its protective surroundings.

[C] its religious implications.

[D] its existing infrastructure.

【答案】

[A] its geographical features

28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because

[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.

[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.

[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.

[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

【答案】

[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.

29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy

[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.

[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.

【答案】

[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

30. The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of

[A] severe criticism.

[B] passive acceptance.

[C] slight hesitancy.

[D] full approval.

【答案】

[D] full approval.

Text 3

Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures

which

makes

life

worthwhile.

With

Britain

voting

to

leave

the

European

Union,

and

GDP

already

predicted

to

slow

as

a

result,

it

is

now

a

timely

moment

to

assess

what

he was referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a

century.

Many

argue

that

it

is

a

flawed

concept.

It

measures

things

that

do

not

matter

and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy

of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If

everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,

despite

the

warnings

about

what

it

could

do

to

their

country's

economic

prospects?

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into

well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured,

the

UK

is

one

of

the

poorest

performers

in

ensuring

that

economic

growth

is

translated

into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP,

over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society

engagement

have

been

measured

to

get

a

more

rounded

assessment

of

how

countries

are

performing.

While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of

consistent

themes

.

Yes

,

there

has

been

a

budding

economic

recovery

since

the

2008

global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major

economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries .

Some

relatively

poor

European

countries

have

seen

huge

improvements

across

measures

including civil society , income equality and the environment.

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as

the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .

So,

what

Kennedy

was

referring

to

was

that

while

GDP

has

been

the

most

common

method

for

measuring

the

economic

activity

of

nations

,

as

a

measure

,

it

is

no

longer

enough

.

It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education

outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.

The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a

decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth .

But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply

worrying

about

GDP

figures

could

avoid

the

forecasted

doom

and

may

even

see

progress

.

F. Kennedy is cited because he

[A]praised the UK for its GDP.

[B]identified GDP with happiness .

[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .

[D]had a low opinion of GDP .

【答案】

[D] had a low opinion of GDP

can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that