2017年考研英语真题与翻译

施，

同时经济复苏和低油价也导致了国际航班的增加，

这些因素就导致包括芝加

哥奥黑尔国际机场在内的主要机场的安检队伍变长。

目前，

< br>安检措施是否变得更

加有效尚不得而知，但安检队伍确实变长了。

导致这一问题的部分原因是政府没有预料到乘飞机出行的乘客数量会猛增，< /p>

所以美国运输安全管理局现在正紧锣密鼓地在各机场增加新的安检人员。

< br>另一个

原因是，机场只有这么多空间，能容下的安检队伍有限。还有一个因素可能 是，

越来越多的人想要过度打包他们的随身行李以避免行李安检费用，

< br>尽管航空公司

对此强烈反对。

美国运输安全管理局可以采取的一个不需要改造机场或仓促招聘人员的措

施，

预检对游客和美国运输安全管理局而

言是双赢的选择。

通过背景检查的乘客有资格使用快速安检通道 。

这能使美国运

输安全管理局能重点检查具有高风险的乘客，< /p>

从而节省了其他人的时间。

美国运

输安全 管理局计划将

2500

万乘客纳入预检项目。

< br>

然而，

这一计划还未达到预期目标，

< br>其中的一个主要原因就是定价太高。

乘

客必须每五年支付

85

美元进行背景审核。从一开始这一价格就是预检项目的重< /p>

大缺陷。

接下来的改革也许会把价格调整到合理的水平。

但是国会应该通过资助

预检项目或以别的方式来降低成本的方式直接参与 到价格调整中去。

在大部分的游客得忍受不必要排队的痛苦之 时，

美国运输安全管理局不能继

续将资源投入到未充分使用的预 检通道中去了。

要想让预检项目真的开始起作用，

那还需要很长 的时间。

Text 2

―The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,‖ wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s

last

reigning

monarch,

in

1897.

Star

watchers

were

among

the

most

esteemed

members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.

Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant

observator

y that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.

At

issue

is

the

TMT’s

planned

location

on

Mauna

Kea,

a

dormant

volcano

worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the

heavens.

But

Mauna

Kea

is

also

home

to

some

of

the

world’s

most

powerful

telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our

planet’s

dense

atmosphere,

where

conditions

allow

telescopes

to

obtain

images

of

unsurpassed clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group

of

Hawaiians

and

environments

have

long

viewed

their

presence

as

disrespect

for

sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign

nation.

Some

blame

for

the

current

controversy

belongs

to

their

eagerness

to

build

bigger

telescopes,

they

forgot

that

science

is

the

only

way

of

understanding the did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s

fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabita

nts. Hawaiian culture is not a

relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.

Yet

science

has

a

cultural

history,

too,

with

roots

going

back

to

the

dawn

of

civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought

early

Polynesians

to

Hawaii’s

shores

inspires

astronomers

today

to

explore

the

to

disassemble

all

telescopes

on

Mauna

Kea

or

to

ban

future

development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to

answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going.

Perhaps

that is

why we

explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to

know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna

Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island

and

to

avoid

archaeological

and

environmental

limit

the

number

of

telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and

their

sites

returned

to

a

natural

state.

There

is

no

reason

why

everyone

cannot

be

welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates

_________.

[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy

[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society

[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times

[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time

27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to__________.

[A] its geographical features

[B] its protective surroundings

[C] its religious implications

[D] its existing infrastructure

28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because________.

[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life

[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history

[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival

[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea

can

be

inferred

from

Paragraph

5

that

progress

in

today’s

astronom

y

__________.

[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians

[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world

[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture

[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility

30.

The

author’s

attitude

toward

choosing

Mau

na

Kea

as

the

TMT

site

is

one

of________.

[A] severe criticism

[B] passive acceptance

[C] slight hesitancy

[D] full approval

Text 2

全文翻译

“古时候的夏威夷人是天文 学家，

”夏威夷最后一任执政君主利留卡拉尼女王

在

年写道。观星宿者过去是夏威夷社会中最受尊敬的人物。悲哀的是 ，现

在的夏威夷不再如此。

一座有望改变人类宇宙观的巨大天文 台“

30

米望远镜”的修

建计划引发了 激烈的抗议。

抗议的焦点是

30

米望远镜在冒纳凯阿火山计划的选址，该休眠火山被一些

夏威夷人供 奉为阳光，

其将夏威夷岛屿连接至天堂。

但冒纳凯阿火山也是一 些世

界上功能最强大的望远镜的所在地。

处于大西洋之中，

冒纳凯阿火山的顶峰可以

远远升到我们星球的浓密大气层之上，

那里的地质条件可以使天文望远镜获得无

比清晰的图像。

反对在冒纳凯阿火山上建造望远镜并非新鲜事。

一小部分直言不讳的夏威夷

人和环保主义者长期以来都认为这些望远镜的存在是对这片神 圣土地的不尊重，

同时也是对“夏威夷曾经作为主权国家却被占领”这一痛苦事实的提醒 。

一些人指责道，

天文学家也对现在 的争议负有一定的责任。

他们渴望建造更

大的天文望远镜，

却忘了科学不是了解世界的唯一方式。

他们没有始终将对冒纳

凯阿火山脆弱生态系统的保护和捍卫该火山对岛屿居民的神圣意义置于优先位

< br>置。夏威夷文明不是历史遗产，今日，它是正在复兴的生动文化。

然而，

科学也有文化史，

其根源可以追溯至文明诞生 之初。

抱着希望发现地

平线之外东西的好奇心，

早期的波利尼西亚人首次踏上了夏威夷海岸，

而同样的

好奇心则鼓舞今天的天文学家去探索天堂。

那些要求拆除冒纳凯阿火山上所有望

远镜或禁止未来所有发展的呼吁忽视了一个事实，

那就是天文学和夏威夷 文化都

在探寻解答有关于我们是谁、我们来自哪里以及我们到哪里去这样的宏大问题。< /p>

也许这就是我们探索繁星天空的原因，

好像我们正在回应一个原始 的召唤，

去了

解我们自己以及我们真正的祖先起源。

天文学界正在做出妥协，

他们改变了对冒纳凯阿 火山的使用方式。

他们在岛

上选了一个尽可能隐蔽的地方来修建

30

米望远镜观望台，并尽可能避免对考古

和环境造成影响。

为了限制冒纳凯阿火山上望远镜的数量，

旧的望远镜在达到使

用年限时就会被移除，

并让它们的原址回归 到自然状态。

因此，

任何人都应被欢

迎 在冒纳凯阿火山拥抱他们的文化遗产，研究天空的繁星。

Text 3

Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures ―everything except

that which makes life worthwhile.‖ With Britain voting to leave the European Union,

and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess

what he was referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a

century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter

and misses things that do. By most recent me

asures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy

of

the

Western

world,

with

record

low

unemployment

and

high

growth

figures.

If

everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,

despite the warnings about what it could do to their co

untry’s economic prospects?

A

recent

annual

study

of

countries

and

their

ability

to

convert

growth

into

well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the

UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated

into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over

40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have

been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

While

all

of

these

countries

face

their

own

challenges,there

are

a

number

of

consistent

,there

has

been

a

budding

economic

recovery

since

the

2008

global

crash,but

in

key

indicators

in

areas

such

as

health

and

education,

major

econom

ies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some

relatively

poor

European

countries

have

seen

huge

improvements

across

measures

including civil society , income equality and the environment.

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as

the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .

So,

what

Kennedy

was

referring

to

was

that

while

GDP

has

been

the

most

common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no

longer does not include important factors such as environmental quality or

education outcomes

–

all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well

-being.

The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a

decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for

policymakers

who

refocus

efforts

on

improving

well-being

rather

than

simply

worrying

about

GDP

figures

could

avoid

the

forecasted

doom

and

may

even

see

progress.

y is cited because he_________.

[A]praised the UK for its GDP

[B]identified GDP with happiness

[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP

[D]had a low opinion of GDP

can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that________.

[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern

[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK

[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy

[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP

of the following is true about the recent annual study ?

[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries.

[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.

[C]Its criteria are questionable.

[D]Its results are enlightening.

the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that_________.

[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom

[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline

[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP

[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues

of the following is the best title for the text ?

[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK Lesson

[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health

[C]Rebort F. Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP

[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well

-being