考研英语一试卷真题

D

．

required

D

．

Even

D

．

tests

D

．

minimized

D

．

compare d

D

．

re cord

．

in the name of

．

attribute

．

unless

．

remains

．

experiences

B

．

in

the

form

of

B

．< /p>

commit

B

．

because

B

．

emerges

B

．

combines

C

．

in

the

face

of

C

．< /p>

transfer

C

< br>．

though

C

vanishes

C

．

justifies

D

．

in

the

way

of

D

．< /p>

return

D

．

until

D

< br>．

decreases

D

．

influences

Section

Ⅱ

Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four the questions below each text by choosing

A,B,C or your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

（

40 points

）

Text 1

First two hours,now three hours

—

this is how far in advance

authorities

are

recommending

people

show

up

to

catch

a

domestic

flight,at

least at some major with increasingly massive security lines.

Americans

are

willing

to

tolerate

time-consuming

security

protocols

in return for increased crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists

may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic

reminder

of demanding

too

much

of

air

travelers

or

providing

too

little

security in return undermines public support for the it should:Wasted

time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives,not to mention

infuriating.

Last

year,the

Transportation

Security

Administration(TSA)found

in

a

secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons

—

both fake and real

—

past airport security nearly every time they

security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due

to the improving economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits

at

major

airports

such

as

Chicago's

O'Hare is

not

yet

clear

how

much

more

effective airline security has become

—

but the lines are obvious.

Part

of

the

issue

is

that

the

government

did

not

anticipate

the

steep

increase

in

airline

travel,so

the

TSA

is

now

rushing

to

get

new

screeners

on

the of

the

issue

is

that

airports

have

only

so

much

room

for

screening

factor

may

be

that

more

people

are

trying

to

overpack

their

carry-on

bags

to

avoid

checked-baggage

fees,though

the

airlines

strongly

dispute

this.

There

is

one

step

the

TSA

could

take

that

would

not

require

remodeling

airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck is

supposed

to

be

a

win-win

for

travelers

and

the who

pass

a

background

check

are eligible to use expedited screening allows the TSA to focus on

travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone wants to enroll

25 million people in PreCheck.

It

has

not

gotten

anywhere

close

to

that,and

one

big

reason

is

sticker

shock:Passengers

must

pay$$85

every

five

years

to

process

their

background

the beginning,this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal reforms might

bring

the

price

to

a more

reasonable Congress

should

look

into

doing

so

directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in

other ways.

The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck

lanes

while

most

of

the

traveling

public

suffers

in

unnecessary is

long

past time to make the program work.

crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to

[A]explain American

’

s tolerance of current security checks.

[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.

[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major the importance of

privacy protection.

of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?

[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.

[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.

[C]An increase in the number of travellers.

[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.

word

“

expedited

”

(Liner 4,is closet in meaning to

[A]quieter.

[B]cheaper.

[C]wider.

[D]faster.

problem with the PreCheck program is

[A]a dramatic reduction of its scale.

[B]its wrongly- directed implementation.

[C]the government

’

s reluctance to back it.

[D]an unreasonable price for enrollment.

of the following would be the best

title for the text?

[A]Less Screening for More Safety

[B]PreCheck

–

a Belated Solution

[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines

[D]Underused PreCheck Lanes

Text 2

“

The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,

”

wrote Queen

Liliuokalani,Hawaii's

last

reigning

monarch,in watchers

were

among

the

most

esteemed

members

of

Hawaiian

,all

is

not

well

with

astronomy

in

Hawaii

have

erupted

over

construction

of

the

Thirty

Meter

Telescope(TMT),a

giant

observatory

that

promises

to

revolutionize

humanity's

view

of

the

cosmos.

At

issue

is

the

TMT's

planned

location

on

Mauna

Kea,a

dormant

volcano

worshiped

by

some

Hawaiians

as

the

piko,that

connects

the

Hawaiian

Islands

to the Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful in

the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's

dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of

unsurpassed clarity.

Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing small but vocal

group

of

Hawaiians

and

environmentalists

have

long

viewed

their

presence

as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation

of what was once a sovereign nation.

Some blame for the current controversy belongs to their eagerness

to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way

of understanding the did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna

Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' culture is not

a

relic

of

the

past

；

it

is

a

living

culture

undergoing

a

renaissance

today.

Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the

dawn of same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first

brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today

to

explore

the to

disassemble

all

telescopes

on

Mauna

Kea

or

to

ban

future

development

there

ignore

the

reality

that

astronomy

and

Hawaiian

culture

both

seek

to

answer

big

questions

about

who

we

are,where

we

come

from

and

where we are that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a

primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.

The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of

Mauna TMT

site

was

chosen

to

minimize

the

telescope

’

s

visibility

around

the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental limit the

number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of

their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural is no reason why

everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural

heritage and to study the stars.

Liliuokalani

’

s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates

[A]her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.

[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.

[D]her appreciation of star watchers

’

feats in her time.

Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to

[A]its geographical features.

[B]its protective surroundings.

[C]its religious implications.

[D]its existing infrastructure.

construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because

[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.

[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.

[C]their culture will lose a chance of revival.

[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

can

be

inferred

from

Paragraph

5

that

progress

in

today

’

s

astronomy

[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.

[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.

[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians

’

hostility.< /p>

author

’

s

attitude toward

choosing

Mauna

Kea

as

the

TMT

site

is

one

of

[A]severe criticism.

[B]passive acceptance.

[C]slight hesitancy.

[D]full approval.

Text 3

Robert once said that a country's GDP measures

“

everything except

that which makes life worthwhile.

”

With Britain voting to leave the

European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now

a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for

over

half

a argue

that

it

is

a

flawed measures

things

that

do

not

matter

and misses things that most recent measures,the UK

’

s GDP has been the

envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth

everything

was

going

so

well,then

why

did

over

17

million

people

vote

for

Brexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their country

’

s

economic prospects?

A

recent

annual

study

of

countries

and

their

ability

to

convert

growth

into

well-being

sheds

some

light

on

that the

163

countries

measured,the

UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is

translated into meaningful improvements for its than just focusing on

GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil

society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment

of how countries are performing.

While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a

number of consistent ,there has been a budding economic recovery since

the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and

education,major economies have continued to this isn

’

t the case with

all relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements

across

measures

including

civil

society,income

equality

and

environment.

This is a lesson that

rich countries can learn:When GDP

is no longer

regarded

as

the

sole

measure

of

a

country

’

s

success,the

world

looks

very

different.

So

what

Kennedy

was

referring

to

was

that

while

GDP

has

been

the

most

common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a

measure,it is no longer does not include important factors such as

environmental

quality

or

education

outcomes

–

all

things

that

contribute

to a person's sense of well-being.

The

sharp

hit

to

growth

predicted

around

the

world

and

in

the

UK

could

lead

to

a

decline

in

the

everyday

services

we

depend

on

for

our

well-being

and

for policymakers

who

refocus

efforts

on

improving

well-being

rather

than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom

and may even see progress.

is cited because he

[A]praised the UK for its GDP.

[B]identified GDP with happiness.

[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.

[D]had a low opinion of GDP.

can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that

[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.

[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.

[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.

[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.

of the following is true about the recent annual study?

[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.

[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.

[C]Its criteria are questionable.

[D]Its results are enlightening.

the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that

[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.

[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.

[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.

[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.

of the following is the best

for the text?

[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK lesson

[B]GDP figures,a Window on Global Economic Health

[C]Robert ,a Terminator of GDP

[D]Brexit,the UK

’

s Gateway to Well- being

Text 4

In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the

corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert it did so

while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included

accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a

company seeking access to government.

The

high

court

’

s

decision

said

the

judge

in

’

s

trail

failed

to

tell

a

jury

that

it

must

look

only

at

his

“

official

acts,

”

or

the

former

governor

’

s

decisions

on

“

specific

”

and

“

unsettled

”

issu es

related

to

his

duties.

Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless

done

with

clear

intent

to

pressure

those

officials,is

not

corruption,the

justices found.

The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening

doors

is

“

< br>distasteful

”

and

“

nasty.

”

But

under

anti-bribery

laws,proof

must

be

made

of

concrete

benefits,such

as

approval

of

a

contract

or arranging

a

meeting,making

a

phone

call,or

hosting

an

event

is

not

an

“

official

act.

”

The

court

’

s

ruling

is

legally

sound

in

defining

a

kind

of

favoritism

that is not leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with

bureaucratic

problems

without

fear

of

prosecution

of

bribery.

“

The

basic

compact

underlying

representative

government,

”

wrote

Chief

Justice

John

Roberts

for

the

court,

“

assumes

that

public

officials

will

hear

from

their

constituents and act on their concerns.

”

But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected

representatives,not

the

courts,to

ensure

equality

of

access

to must

not

be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging

meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign

donation

or

a

personal type

of

integrity

requires

will-enforced

laws

in

government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on

lobbying,and information about each elected leader

’

s source of wealth.

Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of it is

not always officials must avoid double standards,or different types of

access for average people and the connections can be bought,a basic

premise of democratic society

–

that all are equal in treatment by

government-is government

rests

on

an

understanding

of

the

inherent

worth

of each individual.

The court

’

s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both

corruption and official favoritism.

underlined sentencemost probably shows that the court

[A]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell

’

s duties.

[B]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.

[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell

’

s conduct.

[D]refused to comment on McDonnell

’

s ethics.

to Paragraph 4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it

involves

[A]concrete returns for gift- givers.

[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.

[C]leaking secrets intentionally.

[D]breaking contracts officially.

court

’

s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are

[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.

[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.

[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.

[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.

laws in government transparency are needed to

[A]awaken the conscience of officials.

[B]guarantee fair play in official access.

[C]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.

[D]inspire hopes in average people.

author

’

s attitude toward the court

’

s ruling is

[A]sarcastic.

[B]tolerant.

[C]skeptical.

[D]supportive.

Part B

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong questions 41-45,you

are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by

choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered B and D

have been correctly your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

（

10 points

）

[A]The first published sketch,

to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly

Magazine

From

then

on

his

sketches,which

appeared

under

the

pen

name

in The Evening Chronicle,earned him a modest reputation.

[B]The

runaway

success

of

The

Pickwick

Papers,as

it

is

generally

known

today,secured

Dickens's were

Pickwick

coats

and

Pickwick

cigars,and

the

plump,spectacled hero,Samuel Pickwick,because a national figure.

[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared,a publishing firm approached

Dickens

to

write

a

story

in

monthly

installments,as

a

backdrop

for

a

series

of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour,who had originated

the idea for the characteristic confidence,Dickens successfully

insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story the first

installment,Dickens

wrote

to

the

artist

and

asked

him

to

correct

a

drawing

Dickens felt,was not faithful enough to his made the change,went into

his backyard,and expressed his displeasure by committing and his

publishers simply pressed on with a new comic novel,The Posthumous

Papers of the Pickwick Club,appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was

first published in book form in 1837.

[D]Charles

Dickens

is

probably

the

best-known

and,to

many

people,the

greatest English novelist of the 19th moralist,satirist,and social

reformer,Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that

capture the panorama of English society.

[E]Soon after his father's release from prison,Dickens got a better

job as errand boy

in law taught

himself shorthand

to get an

even better

job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in the same

time,Dickens,who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around

him,especially

anything

comic

or

odd,submitted

short

sketches

to

obscure

magazines.

[F]Dickens

was

born

in

Portsmouth,on

England's

southern father

was

a clerk in the British Navy Pay office --a respectable position,but with

little social paternal grandparents,a steward and a

housekeeper,possessed

even

less

status,having

been

servants,and

Dickens

later concealed their 's mother supposedly came from a more respectable

two years before Dicken's birth,his mother's father was caught stealing

and fled to Europe,never to family's increasing poverty forced Dickens

out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse,a

shoe-polish

factory,where

the

other

working

boys

mocked

him

as

young

gentleman.

father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed

Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest could not confide them

even to his wife,although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of

his fiction.

[G]After Pickwick,Dickens plunged into a bleaker Oliver Twist,he

traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of

Nickleby,his next novel,combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the

sunlight of popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens' as a

nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined

segments into translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER

SHEET.(10 points)

The growth

of

the use

of English as

the world`s

primary language for

international communication has obviously been continuing for several

decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further

there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade

within the foreseeable future.

Complex international, economic, technological and culture change

could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language

of

the

world

market,

and

UK

interests

which

enjoy

advantage

from

the

breath

of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic

possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol.

(47)His

analysis

should

therefore

end

any

self- contentedness

among

those

who

may

believe

that

the

global

position

of

English

is

so

stable

that

the

young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language

capabilities.

David

Graddol

concludes

that

monoglot

English

graduates

face

a

bleak

economic

future

as

qualified

multilingual

youngsters

from

other

countries

are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British

counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside

that,(48)many

countries

are

introducing

English

into

the

primary- school

curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be

gaining

greater

encouragement

to

achieve

fluency

in

other

languages.

If

left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of

the

English

language

in

international

education

markets

as

the

demand

for

educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin

grows and international business process outsourcing in other language

such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.

(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and

major

challenges

to

UK`s

providers

of

English

language

teaching

to

people

of other countries and to broader education business sectors.

The

English

language

teaching

sector

directly

earns

nearly

&

billion

for

the

UK

in

invisible

exports

and

our

other

education

related

explores

earn

up

to

&10

billion

a

year

more.

As

the

international

education

market

expands,

the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in

the

main

English-speaking

countries

is

likely

to

continue,

especially

if

there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.

The

anticipation

of

possible

shifts

in

demand

provided

by

this

study

is significant:(50)

It gives a basis to all organization which seek to

promote the learning and very different operating environment.

That is

a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who

wish to influence the future must prepare for it.

Section