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电梯基础知识
Lift Know-
how
No:
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11
电梯常用零配件
Common components
11-1
印刷线路板
Printed circuit board (PCB)
电梯的控制系统或拖动系统都是由一块或若干块印刷线路板组成。各种各样功能的电子元
件组合起来布置在印刷线路板上实现电梯的控制功能。
Control system or trailing system is
composed of one or more than PCBs.
Various electronic
components are combined and arranged in
PCB to realize control function in lift.
图
11-1
所示的是蒂森
TMC
板。
In figure 11-1 is shown Thyssen TMC
board.
图
11-2
所示的是
OTIS MP3
IIB
板。
In figure
11-2 is shown OTIS MPS IIB board.
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图
11-1
蒂森
TMC
板
Figure 11-1 Thyssen TMC board
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电梯基础知识
Lift Know-
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11-2
空气开关
Air switch
空气开关是
电梯上常用的电源开关，它具有自动过流保护作用。当电动机或控制电路过流
时，空气开
关会自动跳闸，以保护系统不受损害。
Being
power
switch
frequently
used
in
lift,
air
switch
can
protect
lift
against
overcurrent.
When
overcuurent
occurs
on
motor
or
control
circuit,
air
switch
will
be
automatically
off
to
protect
system against damage.
图
11-3
为电梯机房内的总电源开关
In
figure 11-1 is shown the main power supply switch
in machine room.
图
11-4
为电梯控制柜总电源开关
In
figure 11-4 is shown main power supply switch in
control cabinet.
图
11-5
为控制柜电源开关
In
figure 11-5 is shown power switch in control
cabinet.
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without the written consent of the copyright
owner.
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图
11-2
OTIS MP3
IIB
板
Figure 11-1
OTIS MP3 IIB board
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电梯基础知识
Lift Know-
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11-3
行程开关
Travel
switch
行程开关（见图
11
-6
）主要作为限位开关，用于电梯运行的上、下行程控制。
Travel
switch,
as
shown
in
figure
11-6,
is
used
as
limit
switch
to
control
lift
that
is
running
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图
11-3
电梯机房总电源开关
Figure
11-3 Main power supply switch in machine room
图
11-4
电梯控制柜总电源开关
Figure
11-4
Main
power
supply
switch
of
control in control cabinet
图
11-5
电梯控制柜电源开关
Figure
11-5 Power supply switch in control cabinet
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upward and downward.
其工作原理为，
当运行轿厢的碰铁压到行程开关的滚轮上时，
传动扛杆连同转轴一起转动，
并推动撞块，当撞块压到一定位置时，推动微动开
关使其常闭触头断开、常开触头闭合；
当滚轮上的碰铁移开后，复位弹簧使行程开关各部
分恢复到原始位置。
When
limit
cam
presses
the
roller
of
travel
switch,
drive
lever
will
rotate
with
shaft,
pushing
block.
When
pressed
to
a
certain
position,
the
block
will
push
fine-tune
switch
whose
normally-closed
contact
will
break
and
normally-open
contact
will
close;
when
limit
cam
of
roller is removed, reset spring will
make travel switch reset to its original position.
11-4
接触器
Contactor
接触器是一种
自动的电磁式开关，
它通过电磁力作用下的吸合和反向弹簧力作用下的释放，
使触头闭合和分断，导致电路的接通和断开。电梯常用接触器如图
11-7
、
11-8
所示
Being
an
automatic
electromagnet
switch,
contactor
will
disengage
under
the
effect
of
electro-magnet
and
reverse
spring
force,
making
contact
close
and
break,
leading
to
make
or
brake circuit.
In figure 11-7 and 11-8 is
shown common contactor used in lifts.
接触器是电力拖动中最主要的控制电器。接触器的主触头都是常开的，辅助触头有常开、
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图
11-6
行程开关（极限开关）
Figure
11-6 Travel switch (final limit switch)
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常
闭两种。常开触头：当线圈未通电时处于相互脱开状态的触头叫常开触头。
常闭触头：
当线圈未通电时处于相互接触的触头叫常闭触头。
当线圈通电时，
常开触头闭合，
< br>常闭触
头断开。线圈断电时，在反向弹簧力的作用下恢复原态。
< br>
Contactor
is
the
most
important
control
device
in
trailing
system.
The
main
contact
of
contactor is normally
open, while auxiliary contact is normally open or
closed.
Normally open contact is contacts that
are disengaged from one another when coil is
power-off.
Normally closed
contact is contacts that are contacted from one
another when coil is power-on.
When
coil
is
power-on,
normally
open
contact
will
make,
while
normally
closed
contact
will
break.
Coil will
reset under the effect of reverse spring force
when it is power-off.
。
图
11-7
电梯用接触器
Figure
11-7 Contactor in lift
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ODBO
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图
11-8
电梯用接触器
Figure
11-8 Contactor in lift
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Lift Know-how
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11-5
继电器
Relay
继电器是控制电路中常
用的传递信号的电器。它的输入信号是线圈的通电或断电，它的输
出信号是接点的动作。
电梯用继电器如图
11-9
所示。
Relay
is
used
to
transmit
signals
in
control
circuit.
Relay
input
signal
indicates
power-on
or
power-off coil, while its output signal
is contact action.
In figure 11-9 is shown the relay in
lift.
继电器
与接触器一样，同常有两种接点，即常开接点和常闭接点。当线圈通电时，常开接
点闭合
，常闭接点断开，使控制信号得到放大或将信号同时传给
n
个控
制元件。
Similar with contactor,
relay has two contacts, i.e. normally-open and
normally-closed contacts.
When coil is power-on, normally-open
contact will make, while normally-closed contact
breaks,
making
control
signal
amplified
or
transmitting
signals
to
multiple
control
components
simultaneously.
继电器有很多种类型，电梯上使用的除普通继电器外，还有热
继电器、时间继电器等。
Several
types
are available in
relay.
Besides
common relays, thermal relay and time
are also
used in lift.
热继电器是一种利用电流的热效应工作的过载保护用继电器，在电梯控制系统中，用来保
护电动机，以免因过载而损坏。
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图
11-9
电梯用继电器
Figure
11-9 Relay in lift
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By using thermal effect of current,
thermal relay is a relay to protect motor in lift
against damage
due to overload.
时间继电器是一种接到信号后，能自动延时动作的继电器。当
线圈通电时，接点不立即动
作，而要延迟一段时间才动作：当线圈断电时，接点则瞬时复
位。时间继电器如图
11-10
所示。
Time relay will
automatically delay after receiving signals. When
coil is power-on, contact will
delay
a
period
of
time
before
action,
rather
than
immediately
acting;
when
coil
is
power-off,
contact will reset momentarily.
In figure 11-10
is shown the time relay.
图
11-10
时间继电器
Figure
11-10 Time relay
12-6
熔断器
Fuse cutout
熔断器是一种简单而有效的保护电器。它的作用是用来保护电
源免受短路和过载的损害。
其原理为，当发生短路或过载而使电路中电流增大时，熔丝（
或熔片）因过热而熔断，自
动将电路切断，以保护电气设备。熔断器一般分为插入式和螺
旋式两种。
在选择熔断器容量时，要根据电路的工作情况定。
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