考研英语阅读理解B节(新题型)分类精讲社会伦理类-(一)

、

D

两项。

项主要谈

论广告中的形象促使女人消费，但是这 里提到的形象

(the images)

上文并未提及，

C

项存在文意表达不明

的情况。而

项承接上文提出疑问“为什么女人会对自我形象不满”，紧接着，作者指 出广告和媒体是造

成这个情况的原因之一。正好与下文所阐述的广告影响女人对自我形象 的定位一致，故选

D

项。

Curiously, for a publication called a newspaper, no one has ever coined a standard definition

of news. But for the most part, news usually falls under one broad classification the abnormal.

It is human folly, mechanical failures and natural disasters that often

(1)

.

Occasionally,

a

reporter

will

go

to

jail

rather

than

reveal

the

name

of

a

confidential

source

for a news story. American newspapers proudly consider themselves the fourth branch of

government

—

the watchdog branch that exposes legislative, executive and judicial misbehavior.

(2)

.

Others

are

called

assignment

reporters

which

means

they

are

on

call

for

a

variety

of

stories

such

as

accidents,

civil

events

and

human- interest

stories.

Depending

on

a

newspaper's

needs during the daily news cycle, seasoned reporters easily shift between beat and

general-assignment work. (New reporters once were called cubs, but the term is no longer used.)

(3) . They are our chroniclers of daily life, sorting, sifting and bringing a sense of order to

a disorderly world.

(4) . Other editors

—

sports, photo, state, national, features and obituary, for example

—

may

also report to the managing editor.

(5)

Once the city or metro editor has finished editing a reporter's raw copy, the story moves from

the composition system via the computer network to another part of the news division

—

the copy

desk. Here, copy editors check for spelling and other errors of usage. They may also look for

in

the

story

that

would

confuse

readers

or

leave

their

questions

unanswered.

If

necessary,

copy editors may check facts in the newspaper's library, which maintains a large collection of

reference books, microfilm and online copies of stories that have appeared in the paper.

A. All

reporters

are ultimately

responsible to

an

editor.

Depending on

its size, a

newspaper may

have numerous editors, beginning with an executive editor responsible for the news division.

Immediately below the executive editor is the managing editor, the person who oversees the

day-to-day work of the news division.

B. Reporters are a newspaper's front-line eyes and ears. Reporters glean information from many

sources,

some

public,

such

as

police

records,

and

others

private,

such

as

a

government

informant.

C.

Newspapers

are

increasingly

doing

this

work,

called

pagination,

with

personal

computers

using

software

available

at

any

office

supply

store.

Microsoft

Windows,

Word

and

Quark

Express

are

three

programs that, though not designed for newspaper production, are easily adapted for it.

D. However, the best known and in some ways the most crucial editor is the city or metro editor.

This is the editor that reporters work for directly. The city or metro editor assigns stories,

enforces

deadlines

and

is

the

first

to

see

reporters'

raw

copy

on

the

composition

system

or

computer

network. These editors are called gatekeepers, because they control much of what will and will

not appear in the next day's paper.

E. Before we see what happens to the electronic pages built by the copy desk, it will be helpful

to understand how other divisions of the newspapers contribute to the production cycle.

F. Some reporters are assigned to beats, or an area of coverage, such as the courts, city hall,

education, business, medicine and so forth.

G. In the movies, reporters have exciting, frenzied and dangerous jobs as they live a famous

pronouncement of the newspaper business: Comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable.

Although

a

few

members

of

the

media

have

been

killed

as

a

result

of

investigations

into

wrongdoing,

newspaper work for the great majority of reporters is routine.

（分数：

20.00

）

填空项

1:__________________

（正确答案：

B

）

< /p>

解析：

[

解析

]

空格处下文谈到了记者宁愿坐牢也不会轻易透露消息来源，而

B

项谈的恰恰是记者可以多渠

道获取新闻消息。正好与下文相互呼 应，这两部分都是谈论新闻的消息来源。故选

B

项。

填空项

1:__________________

（正确答案：

F

）

< /p>

解析：

[

解析

]

本段总体上主要谈论的是记者的报道领域。后半部分提到一般责任记者的报道领域主要是 日

常生活中发生的各类事件，由此可知，空格处所需填的内容应该是另一类记者的报道领 域。

F

项主要提到

的就是有一类记者负 责专业领域的报道，例如教育、商业、医疗等，这与下文的一般责任记者形成对比关

系。 另外，文章用词也给予我们一定的提示。

Some reporters

与

others(

相当于

ot her reporters)

形成对

比。故

< br>F

项正确。

填空项

1:__________________

（正确答案：

G

）

< /p>

解析：

[

解析

]

本段所给的内容中提到记者是“日常生活的记录者”(our chroniclers of daily life)，

而

G

项最后一句指出绝大部分记者的工作内容就是“日常生活(routine)”。

由此可 见，

本段的后半部分是

对

G

daily life

与

routine

属于同义转换。

G< /p>

项提到在电影中记者的工作是危

险、发狂的，接着转折提出现实生 活中记者的工作趋于平淡。

填空项

1:__________________

（正确答案：

A

）

< /p>

解析：

[

解析

]

本段所给的内容中提到其他编辑

(other editors)

的职责内容，同时也提到了总编

(the

managing editor)

。只有

A

项中提到编辑部门各种人物的职责并且在该选项最后一句提到了总编，与下文

承接紧密。

A

项正确。

填空项

1:__________________ < /p>

（正确答案：

D

）

解析：

[

解析

]

文章上一段介绍了各种编辑的职责，

D

项承接上文，继续介绍编辑部门中新闻编辑主任的职

责。同时，文章下一段第一 句上半句也提到了新闻编辑主任的职责。由此可知，

D

项在本文 中起了承上启

下的作用。

D

项正确。< /p>

A.

have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we'll probably have to lay some

people

off

in

the

near

future.

It's

hard

for

me

to

make

the

job

interesting

and

challenging

because

it isn't

—

it's boring, routine paperwork, and there isn't much you can do about it.

B.

paperwork.

First

of

all,

they

know

it's

not

true.

If

their

performance

is

adequate,

most

are

more

likely

to

get

promoted

just

by

staying

on

the

force

a

certain

number

of

years

than

for

some

specific

outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill

out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.

C.

got

a

real

problem

with

my

officers.

They

come

on

the

force

as

young,

inexperienced

men,

and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a walk. They seem to like the contact

they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of

criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.

D.

people have suggested a

number of things

like

using conviction records as a performance

criterion. However, we know that's not fair

—

too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork

increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn't necessarily mean you'll

win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys

caught

on

to

that

pretty

quickly.

No

one

was

getting

any

type

of

reward

for

winning

the

competition,

and they figured why they should labor when there was no payoff.

E.

problem

occurs

when

they

get

back

to

the

station.

They

hate

to

do

the

paperwork,

and

because

they

dislike

it,

the

job

is

frequently

put

off

or

done

inadequately.

This

lack

of

attention

hurts

us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed

and

unambiguous.

As

soon

as

one

part

of

a

report

is

shown

to

be

inadequate

or

incorrect,

the

rest

of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other

factor.

F.

hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future

work.

G. A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators,

managers

and

executives

of

various

departments

throughout

the

city.

At

one

of

these

sessions

the

topic to be

discussed was

motivation

—

how we can get

public servants motivated to do a good

job.

The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.

Order:

（分数：

20.00

）

填空项

1:__________________