-
2018
届北京市各高中名校试卷题型分类专题汇编期中版
2
：阅读理解
D
篇
One
【
2018
届北京市铁路第二中学高三英语上学期期中考试题】
第二部分
：阅读理解（共两节，
40
分）
第一节
（共
15
小题；每小题
2
分，共
30
分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
D
Enough
“
meaningless
drivel
”.
That’s
the
message
from
a
group
of
members
of
the
UK
government who have been
examining how social media firms like LinkedIn
gather and use social
media data.
The House of Commons Science and
Technology Committee’s report, released last week,
has
blamed firms for making people sign
up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and
calls for an
international
standard
or
kitemark
(
认证标记
)
to
identify
sites
that
have
clear
terms
and
conditions.
“The term and
conditions statement that we all carelessly agree
to is meaningless drivel to
anyone,”
says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee.
Instead, he says, firms should provid
e
a
plain-English version of their terms.
The simplified version would be checked by a third
party and
awarded a kitemark if it is
an accurate reflection of the original.
It is not
yet clear who
would administer the scheme, but the UK government
is looking at
introducing it on a
voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we
make that work in practice,”
says
Miller.
Would we pay any
more attention to a kitemark? “I think
if
you went and did the
survey,
people would like to
think they would,” says Nigel S
hadbolt
at the University of Southampton,
UK,
who studies open data. “We do know people worry a
lot about the inappropriate use of their
information.” But what would happen in
practice is another matter, he says.
Other organizations such as banks ask
customers to sign long contracts they may not read
or
understand, but Miller believes
social media requires special attention because it
is so new. “We
still don’t know how
significant the long
-term impact is
going to be of unwise things that kids put
on social
media that come
back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he
says.
Shadbolt, who gave
evidence to the committee, says the problem is
that
we
don’t
know how
companies
will use
our data because their business
models
and
uses of data
are still
evolving.
Large collections
of personal information have become valuable only
recently, he says.
1
2018
届北京市各高中名校试卷
题型分类专题汇编期中版
2
：阅读理解
D
篇
The shock and anger when a social media
firm does something with data that people don’t
expect, even if users have apparently
permission, show that the current situation
isn’t working. If
properly
administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions
could help people know what exactly
they are signing up to. Although they
would still have to actually read them.
67. What does the phrase “
meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 an
d
3 refer to?
A. Legal contracts that
social media firms make people sign up to.
B. Warnings from the UK government
against unsafe websites.
C. Guidelines
on how to use social media websites properly.
D. Insignificant data collected by
social media firms.
68. Andrew Miller
thinks social media needs more attention than
banks mainly because _______.
A. their
users consist largely of kids under 20 years old
B. it remains unknown how users’ data
will be taken advantage of
C. the information they collected could
become more valuable in future
D. the
language in their contracts is usually harder to
understand
69. The writer advises users
of social media to _______.
A. think
carefully before posting anything onto such
websites
B. take no further action if
they can find a kitemark
C. avoid
providing too much personal information
D. read the terms and
conditions even if there is a kitemark
70. Which of the following is the best
title of the passage?
A. Accept without
reading?
C.
S
ay no to social media?
Keys:
67-70
ABDA
B. New security rules in
operation?
D. Administration matters!
Two
【
2
018
届北京市第四中学高三英语期中考试试题】
第二部分
：阅读理解（共两节，
40
分）
第一节
（共
15
小题；每小题
2
分
，共
30
分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2
2018
届北京市各高中名校试卷题型分类专题汇编期中版
2
：阅读理
解
D
篇
D
The Loss of Innocence
Innocence is such a precious gift. It’s
explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doing.
Just
imagine never having to worry
about anything and having a guilt free mind. Some
people wish to
save this kind of
innocence from being lost from childhood to
adulthood.
What
would
the
world
be
like
if
innocence
were
never
lost?
One
way
it
would
benefit
humanity is the lack
of hatred
（
仇恨）
among the
world. During youth, there may be an occasional
argument, even a little physical fight,
but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow
human being.
And children are blind
towards the racial differences of others. A kid
will hang out with any other
kid.
It
is
the
lack
of
innocence
and
the
ignorance
we
learn
from
adults
that
influence
children
otherwise. Another benefit is the
constant desire for fun and adventure. With very
little if any time
at all for
fun
，
the adventurous mind is
lost in time with the responsibilities placed upon
adults. If
innocence were kept alive,
these ambitions would never depart from our lives.
However, other
people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting
for ever. They feel that the
lack of
organization and mental power of those with
innocence would cause extremely destructive
consequences to society in general. A
large number of individuals would never have the
urge to
learn, work, and act upon the
necessary needs for humanity to survive. Without a
proper education
which is usually
provided by those who no longer live in a world of
innocence, people would not
have
the
desire
to
succeed,
get
a
good
job
in
life,
or
provide
income
for
their
families,
which
would hurt the lives of children.
The lack of a good
education and career would also harm the economy.
As long as innocence
is kept alive, no
one would be terribly angered at the lack of
effort people put out in the workplace,
resulting in a strong decline in
production and quality of needed goods.
Maybe it is wrong in
wanting to save innocence. It sure is a nice
thought, though. Perhaps
innocence was
meant to be lost. It was God’s will to make
thin
gs the way they are, and there is a
good purpose for everything. All that
remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy
it while it
lasts.
67. The author believes
that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be
_____.
A. avoided
B. ignored
C. accepted
D. encouraged
68. Lifelong innocence would be
beneficial to society in that _____.
3
2018
届北京市各高中名校试卷
题型分类专题汇编期中版
2
：阅读理解
D
篇
A. proper education would
be provided
B.
there would be no racial discrimination
C.
more happy families would be guaranteed
D. people would realize their childhood
dreams
69. According to the author,
people with innocence can hurt the economy with
their lack of _____.
A. motivational
will
B. mental ability
C.
adventurous ambitions
D. needed goods
70. Which of the following shows the
structure of the passage?
CP: Central Point
P: Point
Sp: Sub-point
(
次要点
)
C: Conclusion
Keys:
67-70
CBAA
Three
【
2018
届北京市第七中学高三英语期中考试试题】
第二部分
：阅读理解（共两节，
40
分）
第一节
（共
15
小题；每小题
2
分，共
30
分）
< br>阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
D
A Myth
It is
true that world population is growing, but this is
not the cause of our current and future
global
problems.
Believing
this
will
cause
us
to
ignore
the
real
problem
and
risk
long-term
damage to our planet.
Let me
start by explaining why overpopulation is a
myth
. For one thing, the UN
Population
Division regularly predicts
population growth but provides a low variant
(
变量
),
medium variant,
and high variant to
factor in various possibilities. In the 2010
revision, their high variant suggests
4
2018
届北京市各高中名校试卷
题型分类专题汇编期中版
2
：阅读理解
D
篇
that
the
world
population
will
be
almost
16
billion
in
2100,
but
the
low
variant
predicts
it
will
peak at 8
billion and decrease to just over 6 billion by
2100. In most cases, it is the low variant
that
has
come
true
in
the
past,
suggesting
the
same
will
be
true
of
their
future
population
predictions. In
addition to this, the size of families is actually
decreasing.
For another, if
the Earth is overpopulated, there needs to be
insufficient (
短缺
) food,
water,
and space for humans to live.
However, Indian economist Raj Krishna estimates
that India alone is
able to increase
crop produce to the point of providing the entire
world’s food supply. The World
Food
Programme confirms that there is sufficient food
grown to feed the world and there is the
same amount of fresh water on the
planet now as there was 10,000 years ago. So how
is it possible
that the number of
people in the world is affecting our planet?
Therefore, it is not an increase in
population but an increase in consumption that is
a severe
threat. Materialism and
overconsumption are facts of life for everybody in
the western world, as
possessions
reflect
a
person’s
status
in
society
and
people
strive
to
obtain
happiness
through
owning the latest
fashionable goods. Not only that, but waste is a
common occurrence which has a
hu
ge effect on our
resources. It is a sad truth that 80% of the
world’s resources are currently used
by
just 20% of the world’s population.
Our overconsumption must be addressed
now to make our lives more sustainable
(
可持续的
)
and avoid
continuing the terrible damage to the environment
we are causing. The key is education.
If we do not work towards this but
instead focus on the wrong issue, we may find
ourselves living
on a planet that can
no longer sustain human life.
67. According to the author, what
causes our current and future global problems?
A. The increase in population.
C. The fast
growth of material needs.
B. Shortage
of food and water.
D. Failure to
protect the environment.
68. The
underlined word “
myth
” in
Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
____
_____.
A. fact
B. misconception
C. possibility
D.
uncertainty
69. The author stresses
that _____.
A.
people should save food and water
B. economists are making
wrong predictions
C. wrong judgment leads to
serious consequences
D. measures should be taken to reduce
population
5
201
8
届北京市各高中名校试卷题型分类专题汇编期中版
2
：阅读理解
D
篇
70. What is mainly
discussed in the passage?
A. The real
cause of global problems.
C. Reasonable use of
natural resources.
Keys:
67-70
CBCA
B. The severe effect of
overpopulation.
D. Methods to reduce
overconsumption.
Four
【
2018
届北京市第四十四中学高三英语上学期期
中考试题】
第二部分
：阅读理解（共
两节，
40
分）
第一节
（共
15
小题；每小题
2
分，共
30
分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
D
Camping
wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural
world and, at its best, it makes
little
environmental influence. But with increasing
numbers of people wanting to escape into the
wilderness,
it
is
becoming
more
and
more
important
to
camp
unobtrusively(
不引人注目地
)and
leave no mark.
Wild
camping
is
not
permitted
in
many
places,
particularly
in
crowded
lowland
Britain.
Wherever you are,
find out about organizations responsible for
managing wild spaces, and contact
them
to find out their policy on camping and shelter
building. For example, it is fine to camp wild
in remote parts of Scotland, but in
England you must ask the landowner’s
permission,
except in
national parks.
Camping
is
about
having
relaxation,
sleeping
outdoors,
experiencing
bad
weather,
and
making do without modern conveniences.
A busy, fully-equipped
campsite(
野营地
)seems to go
against this, so seek out smaller, more
remote places with easy access to open spaces and
perhaps
beaches. Better still, find a
campsite with no road access: walking in makes a
real adventure.
Finding the right spot
to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good
night’s sleep. Choose a
campsite with
privacy and minimum influence on others and the
environment. Try to use an area
where
people have obviously camped before rather than
creating a new spot. When camping in
woodland, avoid
standing
dead
trees,
which
may
fall
on
a
windy
night.
Avoid
animal
runs
and
caves, and possible
homes of biting insects. Make sure you have most
protection on the windward
side.
If
you
make
a
fire,
do
so
downwind
of
your
shelter.
Always
consider
what
influence
you
6
2018
届北京市各高中名校试卷题型分类专题汇编期中版
2
：阅读理解
D
篇
might
have
on
the
natural
world.
Avoid
damaging
plants.
A
good
campsite
is
found,
not
made
—
changing it
should be unnecessary.
67.
You needn’t ask for permission when camping in
.
A. national parks in
England
B. most parts
of Scotland
C. crowded lowland Britain
D. most parts
of England
68. The author thinks that a
good campsite is one
.
A. with easy
access
B.
used previously
C. with modern
conveniences
D.
far away from beaches
69. The last
paragraph mainly deals with
A. protecting animals
B. building a campfire
C.
camping in woodland
D. finding a campsite with
privacy
70. The passage is mainly about
A.
the protection of campsites
B.
the importance of wild camping
C. the
human influence on campsites
D. the dos and don’ts of
wild camping
Keys:
67-70
ABCD
Five
【
2018
届北京市第
156
中学高三英
语上学期期中考试试题】
第二部分
：
阅读理解（共两节，
40
分）
第一节
（共
15
小题
；每小题
2
分，共
30
分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
< br>A
、
B
、
C
、
D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
D
Farmers in the United States sometimes
plant switchgrass as a border crop. But could this
tall
grass lower the nation’s
dependence on foreign oil?
The Department
of
Energy
plans
to
invest
hundreds
of millions
of
dollars
to
help
produce
fuels
from
materials
that
are
not
part
of
the
food
supply.
Growing
corn,
or
maize,
for
fuel
has
raised concerns about the supply and
cost of corn available for food and animal feed.
Fuel made from switchgrass or forestry
waste like sawdust (
锯屑）
is
known as cellulosic
（有
纤维质的）
ethanol (
酒精）
.
Department officials say it contains more energy
and produces fewer
greenhouse gases
than ethanol made from corn. Switchgrass is also
easier to grow.
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