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非谓语动词
非谓语动词的使用条件：一个句子
当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动
词），又没有连词的情况下。
例：
She got off the bus, but
(leave) her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus,
(leave) her
handbag on her seat.
练习：划出非谓语动词。
1.
There have
been several new events added to the program for
the 2008
Beijing Olympic Games.
2.
Whenever he
was asked why he was late for class, he would
answer
carelessly, always offering the
same excuse.
3.
In the dream Peter saw himself ran
after by a fierce wolf, and he woke
suddenly.
4.
The Chinese are proud of the
29
th
Olympic Games to be
held in Beijing
in 2008.
动名词
Gerund
一．结构
Structure:
doing
否定
Negative: not
doing
二．时态和语态
V-ing
一般式
完成式
主动语态
doing
having done
（不作定语）
1
被动语态
being done
having been done
（不作定语）
三．在句中承担的成分：
1.
主语
2.
宾语
3.
定语
4.
表语
1.
作主语
Collecting
information is very important to business.
例：——
What made him so
unhappy?
——
the ticket for the football
match.
A. Having been lost
B. Lost
C. To lose
D. Losing
句型：
It is no use/ good doing
sth
做某事是没有用的。（
It
作形式主
语）
2.
作宾语。
Vt. / Prep. + doing
下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣
赏，不
禁介意准逃亡。
consider / suggest /
advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit,
delay/
put off, fancy, imagine, avoid,
miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish,
enjoy / appreciate,
can
’
t help, mind, allow /
permit, escape, forbid, risk
此外
be/ get used to, prevent /
stop/ keep sb from doing sth, be fond of,
look forward to, lead to, devote to,
stick to, object to, get down to, pay
attention to,
can
’
t stand
(
无法忍受
), give up, feel like,
insist on, thank
you for, apologize
for, succeed in, be busy (in), have difficulty /
trouble /
fun/ problem (in), have a
good /great/
wonderful
/hard time (in)
等动词
词组也要用动名词作宾
语。
例：①
The squirrels was lucky that they just
missed
(catch).
2
②
I can hardly imagine Peter
(sail)across the Atlantic
Ocean in
five days.
③
I would
appreciate your
（
call) back this afternoon.
④
The
boy
stood
still
without
(dare)
to
raise
his
head
because of
(break) a vase.
注意：
1.
下列动词或词组既可以跟动
名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作
宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。
< br>
forget to do sth.
忘记去做某事
forget doing
sth.
忘记已经做过某事
remember to do sth.
记住去做某事
remember
doing sth.
记得曾经
做过某事
regret to do sth.
后悔
< br>/
遗憾去做某事
regret doing
sth.
后悔做过某事
stop
to do sth.
停下来去做另一件事
stop
doing sth.
停止做一件事情
try to do sth.
努力
/
试图做某事
try doing
sth.
尝试着做某事
mean
to do sth.
意欲
/
想
/
企图做某事
mean
doing sth.
意味着做某事
go on to do sth. (
做完某事
)
接着做另一件事
go
on doing
sth.
继续做同
一件事
(=go
on with sth.)
can
’
t help to do
sth.
不能帮助做某事
can
’
t help doing sth.
情不自
禁地做某事
2.
在动词
allow, advise, forbid,
permit, imagine, consider
后直接跟动名
词形式作宾语，
如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，
其后用
动词不定式作
宾语补足语。即：
allow / advise /forbid / permit doing
sth.
3
allow /
advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.
如：
We
don
’
t allow
(smoke) here.
We
don
’
t allow students
(smoke).
The
doctor advised me
(not go) to bed too late.
Please permit me
(introduce) myself to you first.
You surely can
’
t
consider him to be a selfish man.
My
parents forbid me to stay out after mid-night.
The little boy admitted
(break) the
glass.
They
shouldn
’
t allow
parking in the street;
it
’
s too narrow.
3.
作表语
My hobby is
(collect) stamps and
(fish).
His job is
(teach).
分析句中划线部分的成分。
I
’
m fishing.
My hobby is
fishing.
4.
作定语。
（
1
）动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能。
a walking stick
、
a
swimming pool
、
a sleeping car
（
2
）现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所
处的状态。
the walking
man
、
the swimming
girl
、
the sleeping boy
动名词的逻辑主语：
Tom
insisted on coming to the party.
Tom
insisted on my coming to the party.
4
5.
动名词表示被动意义：
need /
want/ require/ be worth/ deserve +
V
.-ing = need / want/ require/ be
worth/ deserve + to be done
Your compostion needs
（
improve
< br>）
.
The book is worth
(read) a second time.
Participle
（分词）：
-ing
（现在分词）、
-ed
（过去分词）
一．结构
-ing
分词
一般式
完成式
-ed
分词
一般式
完成式
主动语态
×
×
被动语态
done
×
主动语态
doing
having done
被动语态
being made
having been made
二．分词在句中承担的成分
由于分词
具有形容词性和副词性，
在句中不能充当具有名词特征的主
语和
宾语。
主语
宾语
×
定语
√
表语
√
补语
√
状语
√
-ing
现
×
在分词
-ed
过去
×
分词
×
√
√
√
√
5
三．
区分
-ing
分词与
-ed
分词。
What
’
s
the
difference
between
-ed
and
-ing?
（
1
）时态上：
-ing
表示进行，
-ed
表示完成。
（
2
）语态上：
-ing
表示主
动，
-ed
表示被动。
Exercises:
The
(work)
people
have
played
a
great
role
in
the
activity.
I
don
’
t like
(can
罐装
)food, I
prefer something fresh.
The girl
(stand) by her
mother looked very timid.
The
topics
(discuss)
everywhere
recently
is
concerned
about the Olympics 2008.
The
topics
(discuss)
at
tomorrow
’
s
meeting
is
concerned
about the Olympics
2008.
The
topics
(discuss)
at
yesterday
’
s
meeting
is
concerned
about the Olympics
2008.
巩固练习一
1.
The man
(question) in
the police station now is a spy.
2.
A man
(respect) others will be respected.
3.
Half
of
the
guests
(invite)
to
the
conference
were
foreigners.
4.
The matter
(discuss) is very important.
5.
The
boy
(injure)
by
the
car
was
sent
to
the
hospital
6
immediately.
6.
The
man
(deliver)
mails
to
my
office
every
day
is
a
retired
worker.
四．作表语
The
glass is
(break).
What he said sounds
(convince).
Please fill in
the blank with the verb
(give).
V-ing
————
V
.-ed
surpring
surprised
exciting
excited
tiring
tired
disappointing
disappointed
encouraging
encouraged
amazing
amazed
boring
bored
interesting
interested
confusing
confused
pleasing
pleased
astonishing
astonished
Sb + Link. V +
-ing/ -ed
-ing
表示本身的特点
-ed
人的感觉
巩固练习二
7
用所给动词的
-ed
或
-ing
形式填空。
1.
The journey
was quite
. (tire)
2.
The result of
the exam made me
. (disappoint)
3.
This was really an
moment. (excite)
4.
His
look
suggested
that
he
didn
’
t
understand
it.
(puzzle)
5.
He seemed quite
(delight) at the idea.
6.
The present
situation is
(encourage).
五．作补语
They caught
him cheating in the mid-term examination.
（宾语补足语）
He was
caught cheating in the mid-term examination.
（主语补足语）
You
can
’
t leave the workship
with the machine running.
(
介词宾语补足
语
)
练习：
1. He was surprised
(find) his room thoroughly
. (clean)
2.
Last night I
saw him
(play) the violin with his
eyes
(close).
3.
They onced heard the song
(sing) in English.
4.
Mother heard
the door
(open).
5.
With the test
(finish), we began to
analyze the result.
6.
Would you please speak louder so as to
make yourself
(hear)?
8
六．作状语。
分词作状语，
修饰谓语，
大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，
表
示时间、
条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。
一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
(hear) the
news, we jumped with joy.
(not know) how to do it, he went to his
father for help.
Deeply
(move) by the story, the children began
to cry.
(look) out of the window, you can have
a full view of the
beach.
(keep) in frige, these
vegetables will remain fresh.
The
children rushed out,
and
. (shout
、
jump)
She walked out of the house,
(follow) her little daughter.
(consider) as a buidling material, wood
is not very strong.
The car was held up
by the snowstorm,thus
(cause) the delay.
The glass
fell to the ground,
(break) to pieces.
分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。
When
(heat), ice can be changed into water.
While
(walk) in the street, I saw a road
accident.
Though
(tire) , I went on with the
work.
七．分词的时态。
-ing / -ed +
主句
（不强调动作先后）
9
Having done / Having been
done +
主句
（强调时间先后）
(use)
as
a
means
of
traffic
in
China,
the
bike
is
very
useful.
(use) for many years, the bike needs
(repair).
The president
promised to keep all the board members
(inform) of how the
negotiations were going on.
(be)
there
more
than
once,
the
old
professor
offered
to
show
us around the new-built library.
(invite) to go to camping,
Paul ordered a new sleeping
bag.
（
not
know
）
his telephone number,
she lost touch with
him.
分词的
逻辑主语一般为主句的主语，
如果分词的动作执行者和句子的
动
作执行者不一致时，
分词前必须有自己的主语，
这叫作分词的独
立
结构。
Weather
(permit), we
’
ll
have a field trip tomorrow.
但有些分词作状语属于习
惯用法，
分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以
不一致。——独立成
分
generally speaking …
一般说来
frankly
speaking …
坦白地说
strictly
speaking
properly
speaking
roughly
speaking
judging
from/
by
…
根
据
……
来判断
considering …
考虑到
…… to tell you the truth
…
说实
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