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英语副词的用法

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2021-02-28 17:06
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2021年2月28日发(作者:管道工)


一、副词的概念



副词(


adverb


,简写为


adv


)是一 种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、


程度、方式等概念的词。副词是 一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程


度副词、疑问副词、连接副词 。




二、副词的分类




1


.根据意义分类





1


)方式 副词


,一般用来回答



怎样地?



这类问题,具有最典型的状语形式,绝大部分都

是由一个形容词加词尾


-ly


构成。如:

< br>



calmly


冷静地,


carefully


仔细地,小心地,


ca relessly


粗心地,


patiently


耐心地,


politely


礼貌


地,


proudly


自豪地,


pro perly


适当地,


quickly


快 速地,


rapidly


迅速地,


sud denly


突然,


successfully

< br>成功地,


wi1lingly


情愿地,

< br>warmly


热情地。





句子中的位置:





.


修饰不 及物动词的方式副词要放在被修饰词之后




1



His sister sings well.



2



The baby is sleeping soundly.



< br>.


修饰及物动词的方式副词可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后


;


如果宾语较长


,


也可放在动


词和宾语之间




1



He speaks French fluently.



2



All this morning Liu Ying has been writing carefully some English letters to her teachers.


< p>
2


)地点副词


,包括表示地点的副词和表示位置关 系、方向的副词,如:




here< /p>


这里,


there


那里,


upstairs


楼上,


downstairs


楼下,


anywhere


任何地方,


above


在上方,


up


上面,


down


下面,


east


向东,


west


向西,等。





句子中的位置




地点副词和方式副词




here



there


,< /p>


down



anywhere

< p>


everywhere



inside



well



quickly



kindly





常放在 宾语之后,或不及物动词之后。其中


here



there



up



down


等副词与不及物动


< br>go



come



stand



walk


,< /p>



lie


等词连用时,副词可置于句首。 如句子主语是名词或名词


短语时,句子需用完全倒装语序。


Eg :



1) There stands the tower





2) Down came the rain





3) We looked for the lost wallet here and there



but in



vain






3


)时间副词,有的表示确定时间, 如:



yesterday


昨天,< /p>


today


今天,


tomorrow


明天,等;



有的表示不确定的时间,如:



rec ently


最近,


nowadays


现 今,


still


仍然,


already


已经,


immediately


,立刻 ,


just



刚,等;



有的表示时间顺序,如:



now


现在,


then


然后,


first


首先,


next

其次,


later


后来,


befo re


以前,等;



有的表示时间频率,如:



alway s


总是,


often


常常,

< p>
usually


通常,


seldom


很少,


never


从不,


s ometimes


有时,等。




句子中的位置



1



时间副词可以放在整个句子或从句之前或后,并通常放 在句末。其中



then


< p>
recently



以放在动词之前;

< p>
still


常放在动词之前或系动词、助动词、情态动词之后;而


yet


常放于句


末,并且句子常用否定形式。< /p>


E.g.


1) I‘ll then turn to my classmates for help





2) We haven't finished the work yet





2



表示确定时间的副词和表示地点的副词一般放在 句尾


.


若句中同时有地点副词和时间副



,


地点副词通常在前


,


时间副词在后



3



They went to the Summer Palace yesterday.


4



We often goes there.


5



I will go there tomorrow


3


< br>表示不确定时间的副词的位置



(



: always, usually, often, never, ever, seldom, sometimes, rarely, generally,


frequently)

< br>当句子谓语是


be



,


位于其后


;


句子谓语是单个完全动词时


,


位于其前


;


句子谓语由不完


全动词与完全动词一起组成时


,


位于第一个不完全动词之后


.


She always helps her mother with the housework.


2



The old man seldom goes out.


3



He is always the first to come to class.


4



They have already done their homework.


4


)程度副词


,有时又叫强调副词,有的从程度上强调,用 来回答


how


much


这类问题,< /p>


可用来修饰形容词、副词,有的还可用来修饰动词、介词短语、名词、代词和从句等。如:




a bit


有点,


very


很,


quite


十分,


rather


颇,

< br>much


很,


just


正好,< /p>


only


仅仅等。



句子中的位置



程度副词除

< p>
enough


之外常放在被修饰词之前,但放于情态动词和助动词的后面。 但当


very


修饰动词时,常与



much


连用并置于句末。


E.g.



1) I like her very much





2) With one false movement



he nearly loses the whole



game





3



The student is very careful with his work.



4



He swims quite well.



5



The boy is old enough to go to school.


I often help him these days.



这些日子我经常帮助他。




I always remember the day when I first came



to this school.



我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。




You mustn't always help me.



你不能老是帮助我。




He seldom comes to see us.



他很少来看我们。




We usually go shopping once a week.



我们通常一周买一次东西。




The new students don't always go to dance.



新学生并不时常去跳舞。




重点提示




这类副词一般位于它所修饰的词的前面。如:




If you don’t try



you will never succeed




你如果不尝试,就 决不会成功。


(修饰动词


succeed




It looks a bit ugly as it is


.它现在这样子很难看。


(修饰形容词

ugly





So what exactly are you suggesting?


那么,你到底想建议什么呢?(


so


修饰句子 )




其它:



1



及物动词和副词小品词

< p>
(down, on, off, in, out, up)


组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时


,


该名词可放在副词之后或副词之前


;


若有代词作宾语时


,


则代词一定放在副词之前。



1



He cut down the tree. =He cut the tree down.


2



He cut it down.


2



修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后



The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.


3



修饰全句的副词通常放在句首



1



Truly he is an honest man.


2



Still, in spite of what you say, I don



t think it is true.


4



疑问副词


,


连接副词


,


关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词


,


通常放在句子或从句的前面。



When do you study everyday?


你每天什么时间学习


?


Can you tell me how you did it?


你能告诉我你如何做的吗


?


First, let me ask you some questions.


先让我来问几个问题。



How much does this bike cost?


这辆车子多少钱?



Either you go or he comes.


不是你去就是他来。



The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom.


当老师进教室时,学生们正在读书。



2


.根据形式分类




1


)简单副词


。如:




back


在后,


just


刚刚,


enough


足够,


near


在附近,


very


很,


well


好,等等。< /p>



有些简单副词和形容词同形,


要根据上 下文才能确定其词性,


有时意义也不一样,


这类词有:


cheap,


daily,


deep,


direct,


early,


enough,


far,


fast,


firm,


hard,


high,


late,


low,


much, near, pretty, straight, wrong


等。如:



The bus arrived


early


.这趟车到得早。


(副词)



an


early


bus


早班车(形容词)





2


)复合副词


,如:



nowhere


无处,


everywhere


处处,


somehow


不知怎么地,


somewhat


有点,


therefore


因此,


anyway


不管怎样,


somewhere


在某处,< /p>


outdoors


在户外,在野外,等等。





3


) 派生副词(方式副词)


,许多副词由形容词或分词后面加后缀


- ly


构成。如:



obvious< /p>


显然的→


obviously


显然地,< /p>


curious


好奇的→


curious ly


好奇地,


surprising



惊的→


surprisingly


吃惊 地,


skilled


熟练的→


skil ledly


熟练地,等等。



注意:以 辅音字母+


y


(读作


/i/

< p>
)结尾的形容词变为副词时,要把


y


变为


i


,再加


-ly


,如< /p>


easily



happily


等;以


-ll


结尾的形容词变为副词时,直接加


-y




ch illy



fully


等;

< p>
以辅音字母



le


结尾的 形容词变为副词时,



-le



-ly




ably



idly



simply


等;



-ue

< p>
结尾的形容词变为副词时,去


-e



-ly




truly


等;以


-ic


结尾的形容词变为副词时,加


-ally




basically



heroically



tragically


等。




有些副词有两种不同的形式,一种和形容词同形,另 一种由形容词加后缀


-ly


构成,


二者 有时没有什么区别,如


high



hi ghly



slow



slowly


等。




副词除了常见的后缀


-ly


外,还有一 些后缀,如:


-wise,


-ward


(s),


-ways


等。有些


副词带有前缀


a-


,如:

abroad, ahead, around, aloud, alike, alone


等。




3


.根据功用分类




1



句子副词



这类副词往往和整个句子具有松散的语法关系,


而 并非修饰某个动词。如:




Surprisingly


, the weather report on the evening before the storm said there would


be strong winds, but not a hurric ane


.令人惊奇的是,风暴发生之前的那天晚上,天气


预报说 将有强风,但没有飓风。




Worse still


, it could even carry off the baby from its mouth





更为糟糕的是,狮子甚至有可能把婴儿叼走。



类似的副词有:


actually,


by


all


(no)


means,


decidedly,


evidently,


generally,


frankly,


indeed,


in


my


opinion,


unexpectedly,


no,


now,


obviously,


yes,


undoubtedly,


luckily,


seriously


等。





2


)连接 副词


,用来连接句子、分句或从句,表示各种关系。



表示结果,如:


therefore


因此,


accordingly


从而


< p>
表示添补,如:


besides


此外,

< p>
moreover


再者



表示对比,如:


however


不管怎样,

nevertheless


然而



表示条件,如:


otherwise


否则



表示时间,如:


then


然后,< /p>


lastly


最后





3


)解释 副词


,常用来举例或列举。如:



< /p>


as


如,


e


.< /p>


g



(



for example)


例如,


for e xample


例如,


i



e



(


< br>that is)


那就是



< /p>



4


)关系副词


,常用来引导定语从句,有


when



where



why


等。如:




An estuary is the body of water


where


a river meets the ocean




河口是河流与海洋会合的水域。



Childhood is a time


when


we solidify our personalities




童年是我们形成个性的时期。



This is the reason


why


he was late


.这就是他迟到的理由。





5


)缩合连接副词

< br>,由先行词和关系副词缩合而成,用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语


从句,有< /p>


when (



the time when)



where (



the place where)



why (



the reason why)


。如:




When


it will be finished depends on the weather


.什么时候能完成要看天气。




I don’t know


where


we are going to have this meeting





我不知道这个会放到哪里开。



That is


why


Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA in 1933





这就是为什么爱因斯坦和他的家属于


1933


年离开欧洲去美 国的原因。



带有


-ever


的副词如


whenever


(



any


time


when)



wherever


(



any


place


where)



however


(



no matter how)< /p>


常用来引导状语从句,表示“任何”



“ 不论”的意思。如;




Whenever


we found an unknown plant, we had to describe it in our notebooks


.我


们无论什么时候发现一种不认识的植物,就记在笔记本上。



Sit


wherever


you like


.你随便坐哪里都行。



He will never succeed,


however


hard he tries





无论他如何努力尝试,他都不会成功。





6


)疑问 副词


,常用来引导特殊疑问句,有


when


where



why

< p>


how


。如:




When


do you take your next exam?


你什么时候参加下次考试?




Why


not buy some English tapes?


为什么不买些英语录音带呢?




Where


did you last have it?


你最后一次有这东西时是在什么地方呢?




How


are you getting on with your English lessons?


你的英语课学得怎么样?




7


)感叹副词


。如:




How


well he looks!


他看起来多么健康啊!





三、副词在句中的用法




1


.修饰动词



Advertisements appear


everywhere


in modern society




广告在现代社会无处不在。



I haven’t read that book


carefully


.I’ve just only dipped into it.



我没有认真读过那本书,只是随便翻阅过。




2


.修饰形容词



Training by yourself in a gym can be


highly


dangerous




你独自在体育馆训练是非常危险的。



I think at the beginning we’d rather have some


fairly


quiet and peaceful music




我认为开始时我们应该来点稍微轻柔平和的音乐。




3


.修饰副词



He worked out just


how


much the light would bend; he could also work out


how


far


the stars would appear to have moved


.他把光的弯曲度计算了出来 ;他还能把星球看上


去移动了的距离也计算出来。



If the feeding place was toward the sun, the dancer headed


straight


upward during


the straight part of the wagging dance




如果喂食地点向着太阳 ,跳舞的蜜蜂在跳摆尾舞的直线部分就一直向上。




4


.修饰全句



You are


obviously


a person of great courage




显然你是个极有勇气的人。




Often,


all we need is a good friend who will listen to us while we



talk things


through


”.



往往我们所需要的,不过是一位能倾听我们“畅叙衷肠”的好朋友。




Then



it


turned


in


a


semicircle,


ran


straight


again,


and


turned


in


another


semicircle


to the opposite side




然后它转半个圈,再沿直线跑,在另一边又转半个圈。




5


.副词的其他用法


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