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所谓的光辉岁月，并不是以后，闪耀的日子，而是无人问津时，你对梦想的偏执。
明仁教育一对一个性化教案
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必修四
:Unit4
V-ing
做状语
1.
掌握
V
-ing
做状语的用法
2.
现在分词作状语的类型及现在分词作状语的注意事项
教学过程：
（一）
．上次课作业检查与分析。
<
/p>
（二）
．课前热身，检查学生对上堂课的掌握情况。
（三）
．本次课教学内容：
分词作状语的用法
-ing
形式作状语，可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件等。如：
1. She sat at the desk
reading a newspaper.
(
伴随
)
2. Hang Wei went to school,
taking a train.
(
方式
)
3. While reading the book,
he nodded from time to time.
(
时间
)
4. Not having received a reply, we
wrote again.
(
原因
)
5. Heating
water
，
we can change it into
vapor
．
(
条件
)
注意：①
-ing
< br>形式作状语，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
②
-ing
形式前可有
while, when, unless, though, if
等连词。
一、用作时间状语
1.
典型例句
Seeing the
cat, the mouse ran off.
见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
The
work finished, he went home.
工作做完后，他就回家了。
2.
理解技巧
分词
(
短语
)
用作时间状语通常可转换成
时间状语从句
(
引导时间状语的从属连词需
根据句意来确定
)
，如上面两句也可转换成：
When [As soon as] the mouse saw
the cat, it ran off.
After
the work was finished, he went home.
3.
高考实例
放弃很简单，但你坚持到底的样子一定很酷！
1
所谓的光辉岁月，并不是以后，闪耀的日子，而是无人问津
时，你对梦想的偏执。
学
步
骤
及
教
学
内
容
When ______different cultures, we often
pay attention only to the differences without
noticing the many similarities.
A. compared
B. being compared
C. comparing
D. having compared
【分析】此题答案选
C
，分词短语
when
comparing different cultures
相当于时间状
语从句
when we compare different
cultures
。
二、用作原因状语
1.
典型例句
Being very
weak, she couldn't move.
她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。
His
car broken down, he had to walk.
他的车坏了，所以只好走路。
Much discouraged, she moved on to
Beijing.
她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。
2.
理解技巧
分词
(
短语
)
用作原因状语通常可转换成由
as, because, since, now
that
等引导的原因
状语从句，如上面三句也可转换成：<
/p>
As she was very weak, she
couldn’t move.
Because his
car was broken down, he had to walk.
Because she was much discouraged, she
moved on to Beijing.
3.
高考实例
(1)
_____with so much trouble, we failed to complete
the task on time.
A. Faced
B. Face
C. Facing
D. To
face
【分析】答案选
A
。现在分
词短语
faced with so much trouble
可转换成原因状语从
句
because we were
faced with so much trouble
。
(2) ____for the breakdown of the school
computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
A. Blaming B. Blamed
C. To blame D. To be blamed
【分析】答案选
B
。现在分词短语
bl
amed for the breakdown of the school computer
network
可转换成原因状语从句
because she was
blamed for the breakdown of the school
computer network
。
三、用作条件状语
1.
典型例句
Working
hard, you will succeed.
如果努力工作，你就可以成功。
Adding them all up, we can find the
answer.
如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答
案。<
/p>
放弃很简单，但你坚持到底的样子一定很酷！
2
所谓的光辉岁月，并不是以后，闪耀的日子，而是无人问津
时，你对梦想的偏执。
United, we stand;
divided, we fall.
团结则存，分裂则亡。
Given more time, we could have done it
better.
如果多给点时间，
我们可以做得更好。
2.
理解技巧
分词
(
短语
)
用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词
if
引导的条件状语
从句，
如上面
几句也可转换成：
If you work hard, you will succeed.
If we add them all up, we
can find the answer.
If we
are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.
If we had been given more
time, we could have done it better.
3.
高考实例
______ time,
he’ll make a first
-class tennis player.
A. Having given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
【分析】答案选
D
。
give
与其逻辑主语
he
是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选
D
。
分词短语
Given time
可转换成条件状语从顺
If he
is given time
。
四、用作让步状语
1.
典型例句
Although
living miles away, he attended the course.
虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上
课。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
虽然被击败了，
他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
< br>
2.
理解技巧
分词
(
短语
)
用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词
though,
although, no matter…
等
引导的让步状语
从句，如上面两句也可转换成：
Although he
lived miles away, he attended the course.
Thought he was defeated, he
remained a popular boxer.
3.
高考实例
No matter how frequently _____, the
works of Beethoven still attract people all over
the
world.
A.
performed
B. performing
C. to be performed
D. being
performed
【分析】答案选
A
。现在分词短语
performed
在此相当于
they are performed
。
No
matter how
frequently they are performed
的意思是
“
无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏
放弃很简单，
但你坚持到底的样子一定很酷！
3
所谓的光辉岁月，并不是以后，闪耀的日子，而是无人问津时，你对梦想的偏执。
多少次
”
。
五、用作伴随状语
1.
典型例句
He sat in
the chair reading a newspaper.
他坐在椅子上看报。
Don't
you sit there doing nothing.
别什么也不干坐在那里。
He
came in, followed by his wife.
他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。
2.
理解技巧
理解
“
伴随状语
”
的关键是要理解
“
伴随
”
二字。分词
(
短语
)
用作伴随状语时，它表示
的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，
即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语
所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。
3.
高考实例
(1) Don’t sit there ______ nothing.
Come and help me with this table.
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. and doing
(2)
My cousin came to see me from the
country, ______ me a full basket of fresh
fruits.
A.
brought
B. bringing
C. to
bring
D. had brought
(3)
Whenever he was asked why he was late for class,
he would answer carelessly,
always ______ the same thing.
A. saying
B. said
C. to say
D. having said
(4) We often provide our children with
toys, footballs or basketballs, _______ that all
children like these things.
A. thinking
B. think C. to
think
D. thought
六、用作方式状语
1.
典型例句
He earns a
living driving a truck.
他靠开卡车谋取生。
I'm
returning you letter as requested.
我按要求给你退信。
2.
理解技巧
分词
(
短语
)
用作方式状语与用作伴随状
语的情形比较接近。
有时用作方式状语的现
在分词可以转换成<
/p>
by doing
sth
的结构，如上面第一句也可换成：
He earns a living by driving a truck.
注：近几年高考对分词用作方式状语的情形考得较少。
放弃很简单，但你坚持到底的样子一定很酷！
4
所谓的光辉岁月，并不是以后，闪耀的日子，而是无人问津
时，你对梦想的偏执。
七、用作结果状语
1.
典型例句
He fired,
killing one of the passers-by.
他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。
He
died, leaving his wife with five children.
他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。
It rained and rained, vehicles bogged
and bridges washed out.
雨不停地下，车辆陷入
泥沼，桥梁被水冲去。
2.
理解技巧
分词
(
短语
)
用作结果状语时，通常可转
换成并列句，如上面两句也可转换成：
He fired
and killed one of the passers-by.
He died and left his wife with five
children.
It rained and
rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were
washed out.
3.
高考实例
(1) He
glanced over at her, ______ that though she was
tiny, she seemed very well put
together.
A.
noting
B. noted
C. to note
D.
having noted
【分析】答案选
A
，此句也可换成：
He glanced over at her and
noted that though she
was tiny, she
seemed very well put together.
(2) Oil
prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of
the year, _____ a record
US$$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached
C. to reach
B. reaching
D. to be reaching
【分析】
答案选
B
此句也可换成：
O
il prices have risen by 32 percent since the start
of
the year and reached a record US$$
57.65 a barrel on April 4.
鉴于以上分词的用法，我们一定要弄清分词的方方面面：
一、弄清什么是分词的逻辑主语
分词
属非谓语动词，即不用作谓语的动词，所以它没有真正的主语。但是，
分词作为
动词的一种形式，它应有自己理论上或逻辑上的主语，即逻辑主语。如：
I often hear him singing this song.
我经常听他唱这首歌。
(him
是<
/p>
singing
的逻辑语
)
Hearing the news, he couldn’t help
crying.
听到这消息，他禁不住哭了。
(he
是
hearing
的逻辑主语
< br>)
若用的是过去分词或现在分词的被动式，
则上面提到
的逻辑主语实为
“
逻辑宾语
”
。
如：
放弃很简单，但你坚持到底的样子一定很酷！
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