2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit5

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Unit 5 Keeping Your Dreams Alive

I. New words and expressions

New words

1. transcend v.

超出，超越（通常的界限）

2. incessantly adv.

不停地；持续不断地

3. noisily

adv.

喧闹地

noise

noisy

4. subtly

adv.

不易察觉地；不明显地；微妙地

5. enormity

n.

巨大；深远影响；严重性

enormous

6. burden n.

（义务、责任等的）重担，负担

7. belief

n.

相信；信心

believe

believable

unbelievable

disbelief

8. unique adj.

唯一的；独一无二的；独特的

9. affliction n.

折磨；痛苦

10. especially adv.

尤其；特别；格外

11. tribe n.

部落

12. species n.

种，物种（分类上小于属）

13. discipline n.

自制力；遵守纪律

14. confront v.

处理，解决（问题或困境）

15. evoke v.

引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象）

16. grief n.

（尤指因某人去世引起的）悲伤，悲痛，伤心

17. guilt

n.

内疚；悔恨

guilty

be guilty of

be / feel guilty about

18. anxiety

n.

焦虑；忧虑

anxious

19. anguish n.

剧痛；极度痛苦；苦恼

20. despair n.

绝望

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21. uncomfortable

adj.

（使）焦虑的，尴尬的，害怕的，不自在的

22. physical adj.

身体的；肉体的；躯体的

23. equal v.

比得上；敌得过

24. conflict n.

冲突；争执；争论

25. engender v.

产生，引起（某种感觉或情况）

26. pose v.

造成（威胁、问题等）；引起；产生

27. distinguish

v.

区分；辨别；分清

28. wisdom

n.

智慧；才智；精明

29. mentally adv.

精神上；智力上；思想上

30. spiritually adv.

精神上；心灵上

31. desire v.

渴望；期望

32. deliberately

adv.

故意；蓄意；存心

33. instruct

v.

教授；指导

34. dread v.

非常害怕；极为担心

Phrases and Expressions

1. moan about

抱怨

2. a series of

系列；连续

3. because of

因为

4. as well as

除…之外

5. cutting edge

（处于某事物发展的）尖端，最前沿，领先阶段

6. call forth

引起；使产生

II. Text Learning

Life Is Difficult

①

Life Is Difficult.

②

This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this

truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult-once we truly understand and accept

it-then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer

matters.

（承上句）

③

Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.

④

Instead they moan

more or less

incessantly

,

noisily

or

subtly

, about the

enormity

of their

problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be

easy.

(1)They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of

affliction

that should not be and that has

somehow

been especially

visited upon

them, or else upon

their families, their

tribe

, their class, their nation, their race or even their

species

, and not upon

others.

I know about this moaning because I have done my share.

（承上、总结的句子）

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本部分重点及难点：

1. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction

that should not be and that has somehow been especially

visited upon

them, or else upon their

families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race or even their species, and not upon others.

visit sth. on / upon sb./sth.

（古）

inflict

（造成，使遭受）

punishment on sb./sth.

对某人

/

某 物

进行惩罚

visit the sins of the parents upon their children

相当于

make the children suffer for their parent's

failings

使子女因父母之过错而受惩罚

⑤

Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to

teach our children to solve them?

⑥

Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life's problems.

（主题句）

Without

discipline we can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems.

With

total discipline

we can solve all problems.

⑦

What make life difficult is that the process of

confronting

and solving problems is a painful one.

Problems, depending upon their nature,

evoke

in us frustration of grief, sadness, loneliness, guilt,

regret

,

anger

, fear,

anxiety

,

anguish

,

despair

. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very

uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes

equaling

the very worst kind

of

physical pain

. (2)

Indeed, it is because of the pain that

events

or

conflicts engender

in us all that we

call them problems.

（承上启下句）

(3)

And since life

poses an endless series of problems

, life is always

difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.

本部分重点及难点：

2. Indeed,

it is

because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all

that

we call them

problems.

强调句。去掉

it is

…

…剩下的部分成立。

3. And since life

poses an endless series of problems

, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well

as joy.

pose an endless series of problems

pose threat

pose danger

pose for a picture

⑧

(4)

Yet it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning.

Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth our

courage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our

courage

and our wisdom. It is only because of

problems that we grow mentally and

spiritually

. When we desire to encourage the growth of the

human

spirit

, we challenge and

encourage

the human

capacity

to solve problems, just as in school we

deliberately

set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving

problems that we learn.

（

承上启下句）

As Benjamin Franklin said,

instruct

.

is for this reason that wise people learn not to

dread

but actually to welcome problems and actually to

welcome the pain of problems.

本部分重点及难点：

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4.

(Paragraph 8) Yet

it is in this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its

meaning

. Problems are the

cutting edge

that

distinguishes between success and failure

. Problems

call forth our

courage

and our wisdom; indeed, they create our

courage

and our wisdom.

It is only

because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually.

When we desire

to

encourage

the

growth

of the human spirit, we challenge and

encourage

the human capacity to

solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve.

It is through

the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn.

（承上启下句）

As Benjamin Franklin

said,

It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but

actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.

本文出现最多的结构是强调结构。本段中的强调结构有：

（

1

）

Yet

it is

in this whole process of meeting and solving problems

that

life has its meaning.

（

2

）

It is

only because of problems

that

we grow mentally and spiritually.

（本句的语序要留意）

比较：

Only because of problems do we grow mentally and spiritually.

类似的还有

not until

…被强调时，例如：

It was not until midnight that the party broke up.

Not until midnight did the party break up.

（

3

）

It is

through the pain of confronting and resolving problems

that

we learn.

（

4

）

It is

for this reason

that

wise people learn

not

to dread

but

actually to welcome problems and

actually to welcome the pain of problems.

请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】

8. It was not until the deadline that ______ out the application form.

A

．

he had sent

B

．

had he sent

C

．

he sent

D

．

did he send

【答案】

C

【解析】本题考查否定词被强调时，强调结构中

that

从句的语序。否定词放在句首句子要用

倒装语序，但在强调结构中否定词被强 调时，

that

引导的部分不能倒装，要用陈述句语序。

【知识点】否定词被强调时，强调结构中

t hat

从句的语序

重点掌握：

courage

的派生词

courageous

encourage

～

sb. to do sth.

discourage

～

sb. from doing sth.

encouraging

discouraging

encouragement

discouragement

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