机械手臂外文翻译

外文出处：

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Manufacturing Engineering and Technology

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M achining

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外文原文

Manipulator

Robot developed in recent decades as high-tech automated production equipment. Industrial rob

ot is an important branch of industrial robots. It features can be programmed to perform tasks in a

variety of expectations, in both structure and performance advantages of their own people and mac

hines, in particular, reflects the people's intelligence and adaptability. The accuracy of robot operat

ions and a variety of environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national econom

y and there are broad prospects for development. With the development of industrial automation, t

here has been CNC machining center, it is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved labo

r productivity. However, the upper and lower common in CNC machining processes material, usua

lly still use manual or traditional relay-controlled semi- automatic device. The former time- consum

ing and labor intensive, inefficient; the latter due to design complexity, require more relays, wiring

complexity, vulnerability to body vibration interference, while the existence of poor reliability, fa

ult more maintenance problems and other issues. Programmable Logic Controller PLC- controlled

robot control system for materials up and down movement is simple, circuit design is reasonable,

with a strong anti-jamming capability, ensuring the system's reliability, reduced maintenance rate,

and improve work efficiency. Robot technology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydrau

lic technology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and computer technology and oth

er fields of science, is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology.

First, an overview of industrial manipulator

Robot is a kind of positioning control can be automated and can be re-programmed to change in

multi-functional machine, which has multiple degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object i

n order to complete the work in different environments. Low wages in China, plastic products ind

ustry, although still a labor-intensive, mechanical hand use has become increasingly popular. Elect

ronics and automotive industries that Europe and the United States multinational companies very e

arly in their factories in China, the introduction of automated production. But now the changes are

those found in industrial-intensive South China, East China's coastal areas, local plastic processing

plants have also emerged in mechanical watches began to become increasingly interested in, beca

use they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well as for the workers to pay work- relate

d injuries fee challenges.

With the rapid development of China's industrial production, especially the reform and opening

up after the rapid increase in the degree of automation to achieve the workpiece handling, steering,

transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches and other tools for processing and asse

mbly operations since, which has more and more attracted our attention. Robot is to imitate the ma

nual part of the action, according to a given program, track and requirements for automatic capture

, handling or operation of the automatic mechanical devices.

In real life, you will find this a problem. In the machine shop, the processing of parts loading ti

me is not annoying, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of production major, and sometime

s man- made incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured. Think about what could rep

lace it with the processing time of a tour as long as there are a few people, and can operate 24 hour

s saturated human right? The answer is yes, but the robot can come to replace it.

Production of mechanical hand can increase the automation level of production and labor produ

ctivity; can reduce labor intensity, ensuring product quality, to achieve safe production; particularl

y in the high-temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic and

radioactive gases such as poor environment can replace the normal working people. Here I would l

ike to think of designing a robot to be used in actual production.

Why would a robot designed to provide a pneumatic power: pneumatic robot refers to the comp

ressed air as power source-driven robot. With pressure-driven and other energy- driven comparison

have the following advantages: 1. Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, do

es not require recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment. (Concept of environmental p

rotection) 2. Air stick is small, the pipeline pressure loss is small (typically less than asphalt gas pa

th pressure drop of one-thousandth), to facilitate long-distance transport. 3. Compressed air of the

working pressure is low (usually 4 to 8 kg / per square centimeter), and therefore moving the mate

rial components and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. 4. With the hydraulic t

ransmission, compared to its faster action and reaction, which is one of the advantages pneumatic

outstanding. 5. The air cleaner media, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. But ther

e are also places where it fly in the ointment: 1. As the compressibility of air, resulting in poor aer

odynamic stability of the work, resulting in the implementing agencies as the precision of the velo

city and not easily controlled. 2. As the use of low atmospheric pressure, the output power can not

be too large; in order to increase the output power is bound to the structure of the entire pneumatic

system size increased.

With pneumatic drive and compare with other energy sources drive has the following advantage

s:

Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, without recycling and disposal, do

not pollute the environment. Accidental or a small amount of leakage would not be a serious impa

ct on production. Viscosity of air is small, the pipeline pressure loss also is very small, easy long-d

istance transport.

The lower working pressure of compressed air, pneumatic components and therefore the materi

al and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. In general, reciprocating thrust in 1 t

o 2 tons pneumatic economy is better.

Compared with the hydraulic transmission, and its faster action and reaction, which is one of th

e outstanding merits of pneumatic.

Clean air medium, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. It can be safely used in fl

ammable, explosive and the dust big occasions. Also easy to realize automatic overload protection.

Second, the composition, mechanical hand

Robot in the form of a variety of forms, some relatively simple, some more complicated, but the

basic form is the same as the composition of the , Usually by the implementing agencies, transmis

sion systems, control systems and auxiliary devices composed.

1.

Implementing agencies

Manipulator executing agency by the hands, wrists, arms, pillars. Hands are crawling institution

s, is used to clamp and release the workpiece, and similar to human fingers, to complete the staffin

g of similar actions. Wrist and fingers and the arm connecting the components can be up and down

, left, and rotary movement. A simple mechanical hand can not wrist. Pillars used to support the ar

m can also be made mobile as needed.

2. Transmission

The actuator to be achieved by the transmission system. Sub-transmission system commonly us

ed manipulator mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic and electric power tra

nsmission and other drive several forms.

3. Control System

Manipulator control system's main role is to control the robot according to certain procedures, d

irection, position, speed of action, a simple mechanical hand is generally not set up a dedicated co

ntrol system, using only trip switches, relays, control valves and circuits can be achieved dynamic

drive system control, so that implementing agencies according to the requirements of action. Actio

n will have to use complex programmable robot controller, the micro-computer control.

Three, mechanical hand classification and characteristics

Robots are generally divided into three categories: the first is the general machinery does not re

quire manual hand. It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device. It can be progra

mmed according to the needs of the task to complete the operation of the provisions. It is character

ized with ordinary mechanical performance, also has general machinery, memory, intelligence tern

ary machinery. The second category is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft. I

t originated in the atom, military industry, first through the operation of machines to complete a pa

rticular job, and later developed to operate using radio signals to carry out detecting machines suc

h as the Moon. Used in industrial manipulator also fall into this category. The third category is ded

icated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines or automatic lines, to solve the

machine up and down the workpiece material and delivery. This mechanical hand in foreign count

ries known as the

on of a few outside the working procedures are generally fixed, and therefore special.

Main features:

First, mechanical hand (the upper and lower material robot, assembly robot, handling robot, stac

king robot, help robot, vacuum handling machines, vacuum suction crane, labor-saving spreader, p

neumatic balancer, etc.).

Second, cantilever cranes (cantilever crane, electric chain hoist crane, air balance the hanging, e

tc.)

Third, rail-type transport system (hanging rail, light rail, single girder cranes, double-beam cran

e)

Four, industrial machinery, application of hand

Manipulator in the mechanization and automation of the production process developed a new ty

pe of device. In recent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot

development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology

, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the com

bination of mechanization and automation.

Although the robot is not as flexible as staff, but it has to the continuous duplication of work an

d labor, I do not know fatigue, not afraid of danger, the power snatch weight characteristics when

compared with manual large, therefore, mechanical hand has been of great importance to many se

ctors, and increasingly has been applied widely, for example:

(1) Machining the workpiece loading and unloading, especially in the automatic lathe, combinat

ion machine tool use is more common.

(2) In the assembly operations are widely used in the electronics industry, it can be used to asse

mble printed circuit boards, in the machinery industry It can be used to assemble parts and compo

nents.

(3) The working conditions may be poor, monotonous, repetitive easy to sub-fatigue working e

nvironment to replace human labor.

(4) May be in dangerous situations, such as military goods handling, dangerous goods and haza

rdous materials removal and so on..

(5) Universe and ocean development.

(6), military engineering and biomedical research and testing.

Help mechanical hands: also known as the balancer, balance suspended, labor-saving spreader, ma

nual Transfer machine is a kind of weightlessness of manual load system, a novel, time-saving tec

hnology for material handling operations booster equipment, belonging to kinds of non-standard d

esign of series products. Customer application needs, creating customized cases. Manual operation

of a simulation of the automatic machinery, it can be a fixed program draws

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handling objects o

r perform household tools to accomplish certain specific actions. Application of robot can replace t

he people engaged in monotonous

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repetitive or heavy manual labor, the mechanization and aut

omation of production, instead of people in hazardous environments manual operation, improving

working conditions and ensure personal safety. The late 20th century, 40, the United States atomic

energy experiments, the first use of radioactive material handling robot, human robot in a safe roo

m to manipulate various operations and experimentation. 50 years later, manipulator and gradually

extended to industrial production sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and loading and unl

oading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliary device in automatic machine

tools, machine tools, automatic production lines and processing center applications, the completio

n of the upper and lower material, or From the library take place knife knife and so on according t

o fixed procedures for the replacement operation. Robot body mainly by the hand and sports instit

utions. Agencies with the use of hands and operation of objects of different occasions, often there

are clamping

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support and adsorption type of care. Movement organs are generally hydraulic pn

eumatic

﹑

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electrical device drivers. Manipulator can be achieved independently retractable

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rotation and lifting movements, generally 2 to 3 degrees of freedom. Robots are widely used in me

tallurgical industry, machinery manufacture, light industry and atomic energy sectors.

Can mimic some of the staff and arm motor function, a fixd procedure for the capture, handling

objects or operating tools, automatic operation device. It can replace human labor in order to achie

ve the production of heavy mechanization and automation that can operate in hazardous environm

ents to protect the personal safety, which is widely used in machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, e

lectronics, light industry and nuclear power sectors. Mechanical hand tools or other equipment co

mmonly used for additional devices, such as the automatic machines or automatic production line

handling and transmission of the workpiece, the replacement of cutting tools in machining centers,

etc. generally do not have a separate control device. Some operating devices require direct manip

ulation by humans; such as the atomic energy sector performs household hazardous materials used

in the master-slave manipulator is also often referred to as mechanical hand.

Manipulator mainly by hand and sports institutions. Task of hand is holding the workpiece (or t